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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure and composition of severely defective eggshells of larus ridibundus
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Micron And Microscopica Acta 21 (1990), S. 164-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-6260
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0739-6260(90)90053-I
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enchytraeid and nematode numbers in urban, polluted Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) stands in relation to other soil biological parameters (1992)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 13 (1992), S. 50-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Biological activity ; Forest soil ; Mycorhizae ; Nitrogen deposition ; Soil animals ; Sulphur deposition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary We examined the number of enchytraeids and nematodes in the mor humus layer of polluted Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands, located on a sulphur gradient from 1.2 to 2.8 mg g-1 in mor humus and up to a distance of 40 km from the centre of Oulu, an industrialized city in northern Finland, in autumn 1989 and spring 1990. The number of enchytraeids, dominated by one species, Cognettia sphagnetorum, showed a clear positive correlation with the soil respiration rate and the diversity and production of mycorrhizal fungi, and all these were negatively related with S and N concentrations in the soil, as measured in 1987 and 1988. This negative correlation may have been caused by an alteration in food supply of enchytraeids, owing to changes in litter quality and the amount and species composition of fungi and mycorrhizae. Nematode numbers showed a positive correlation with the activity of dehydrogenase enzymes mineral N, and soil pH. The feeding characteristics of nematodes as a group need further study. The numbers of both enchytraeids and nematodes were higher in the autumn than in the spring and in the case of nematodes this variation was related to soil moisture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00337238
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cellulase activity in forest humus along an industrial pollution gradient in Oulu, Northern Finland
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Soil Biology and Biochemistry 26 (1994), S. 97-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 0038-0717
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(94)90200-3
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biological activity and amount of FDA mycelium in mor humus of Scots pine stands (Pinus sylvestris L.) in relation to soil properties and degree of pollution (1991)
    Springer
    Biogeochemistry 13 (1991), S. 1-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-515X
    Keywords: respiration ; DHA ; urban pollution ; ammonium nitrogen ; total nitrogen ; pH
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The biological activity and the amount of living fungal mycelium in the mor humus of pine forests around an industrialized city were studied. The activities were lower in the more polluted zone than in a cleaner one but varied between sites within the zones. The relationship of these activities to the microbial environment was determined in both the total data and in the various zones separately. Soil respiration rate was positively related to ammonium nitrogen concentration of the humus in the less polluted zone but negatively in the more polluted zone, while it related negatively to total nitrogen concentration of the humus in the entire data set. DHA was partly accounted for by the variation in acidity parameters, and best by pH(CaCl2), with a positive relation. The length of FDA active fungal mycelium showed no significant variation between the zones or sites, and was thus poorly explained by the environmental variables. The weather conditions prevailing at two seasons did not explain any variation of the activities or the length of FDA mycelium, though the biological variables were in general positively related to the moisture of the humus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00002874
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Total sulfur content in the humus layer of urban polluted forest soils (1989)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 44 (1989), S. 135-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Total S content of the humus layer was determined from Scots pine forests in the surroundings of Oulu, an industrialized city in northern Finland. The S content nearest the city center and emission sources (zone IV; bar x=3870 μg g−1 on an organic matter basis) was about twice as high as in three background areas (80 to 170 km from the city) and about 40% higher than at the sites which were ca 20 km from the main emission sources (zone I). The estimated accumulation of S in humus layer was, on average, 0.4 to 0.6 g m−2 yr−1 in the most polluted study sites and 0.1 to 0.2, 0.2 to 0.3 and 0.4 to 0.5 g m−2 yr−1 in zones I, II, and III, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00228783
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peroxidase activity as an indicator of pollution stress in the fine roots of Pinus sylvestris (1990)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 52 (1990), S. 149-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Peroxidase activity was determined in the fine roots and mycorrhizae of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in order to evaluate the suitability of this parameter as an indicator of stress caused by a long-term deposition of urban air pollutants. 3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine and methylaminophenol were used as substrates. Peroxidase activity (3,3′-dimethoxybenzidine as a substrate) of the fine roots collected in autumn averaged 7.23 A min−1 g−1 root fresh weight in controls and 40.79 A min−1 g−1 in the most polluted pine stands, activities in the samples from June being distinctly lower. Peroxidase activity correlated positively with total N (p〈0.05), total S (p〈0.01), Cu (p〈0.01) and NH4 (p〈0.05) in the mor humus layer. Significant negative correlations were found with the total number of root tips and the number of well-developed mycorrhizae per unit soil volume. Methylaminophenol gave lower activities and those did not correlate with either pollution or mycorrhizal parameters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00283120
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  • 7
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    Effect of artificial defoliation on biomass allocation in ectomycorrhizal Pinussylvestris seedlings (1996)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-05-01
    Description: Ectomycorrhizal seedlings of Scots pine (Pinussylvestris L.) were subjected to repeated artificial defoliation (0, 25, 50, and 75%) to demonstrate the effect of a reduced amount of photosynthates on the allocation of biomass between the tree and its fungal symbionts. Defoliation reduced shoot biomass in the seedlings significantly, and belowground parts adjusted to the same growth level. Biomass parameters of seedlings that had undergone the mildest defoliation treatment did not differ significantly from control seedlings, while the two most intensive treatments reduced growth and biomass of seedlings in a similar way. Defoliation did not reduce mycorrhizal colonization or fungal biomass calculated per unit weight of fine roots. Actual needle biomass in seedlings correlated positively with stem biomass, total root biomass, fungal biomass both in roots and in soil, and the number of mycorrhizal root tips per seedling. Root/shoot ratio and total allocation pattern were relatively constant.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 8
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    Short-term impacts of energy wood harvesting on ectomycorrhizal fungal communities of Norway spruce saplings (2015)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-18
    Description: Short-term impacts of energy wood harvesting on ectomycorrhizal fungal communities of Norway spruce saplings The ISME Journal 9, 581 (March 2015). doi:10.1038/ismej.2014.154 Authors: Karoliina Huusko, Oili Tarvainen, Karita Saravesi, Taina Pennanen, Hannu Fritze, Eero Kubin & Annamari Markkola
    Print ISSN: 1751-7362
    Electronic ISSN: 1751-7370
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer Nature on behalf of The International Society for Microbial Ecology (ISME).
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  • 9
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    Sediments and flow have mainly independent effects on multitrophic stream communities and ecosystem functions (2016)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-27
    Description: Stream ecosystems are affected by multiple abiotic stressors, and species responses to simultaneous stressors may differ from those predicted based on single-stressor responses. Using 12 semi-natural stream channels, we examined the individual and interactive effects of flow level (low or high flow) and addition of fine sediments (grain size 〈 2mm) on key ecosystem processes (leaf breakdown, algal biomass accrual) and benthic macroinvertebrate and fungal communities. Both stressors had mostly independent effects on biological responses, with sand addition being the more influential of the two. Sand addition decreased algal biomass and microbe-mediated leaf breakdown significantly, whereas invertebrate shredder-mediated breakdown only responded to flow level. Macroinvertebrate community composition responded significantly to both stressors. Fungal biomass decreased and shredder abundance increased when sand was added; thus, organisms at different trophic levels can exhibit highly variable responses to the same stressor. Terrestrial endophytic fungi were abundant in low-flow flumes where leaf mass loss was also highest, indicating that terrestrial endophytes may contribute importantly to leaf decomposition in the aquatic environment. Leaf breakdown rates depended on the identity and abundance of the dominant decomposer species, suggesting that the effects of anthropogenic activities on ecosystem processes may be driven by changes in the abundance of a few key species. The few observed interactive effects were all antagonistic (i.e., less than the sum of the individual effects); for example, increased flow stimulated algal biomass accumulation but this effect was largely cancelled by sand. While our finding that sand and stream flow did not have strong synergistic effects can be considered reassuring for management, future experiments should manipulate these and other human stressors in experiments that run for much longer periods, thus focusing on the long-term impacts of multiple simultaneously operating stressors. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 1051-0761
    Electronic ISSN: 1939-5582
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Wiley on behalf of The Ecological Society of America (ESA).
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  • 10
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    Phylogenetic clustering of fungal communities in human-disturbed streams (2016)
    Wiley
    In: Ecosphere
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-01
    Description: Phylogenetic community structure is increasingly used to examine community assembly, but the influence of anthropogenic disturbance on phylogenetic community structure remains little explored. We examined how land-use disturbance (forestry and agriculture) and naturally harsh environmental conditions (geologically driven acidity) affect the phylogenetic diversity of stream fungi. Using DNA from decomposing alder leaves, we calculated phylogenetic distances among fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Closely related OTUs co-occurred more often than expected by chance, but partitioning the relationship between phylogeny and niche differences showed evidence for niche conservatism only at short phylogenetic distances. Communities in human-disturbed streams were phylogenetically clustered, whereas they were over-dispersed in circumneutral near-pristine streams. OTU richness did not decrease with disturbance; instead, some fungal taxa were replaced by closely related, more tolerant taxa. Fungal communities in naturally acidic reference streams also showed a tendency toward phylogenetic clustering, although much less so than in disturbed streams. Our results indicate different coexistence mechanisms in different environmental settings and a strong role for anthropogenic disturbance as a selective filter shaping the phylogenetic structure of instream fungal communities. The effects of human disturbances on the phylogenetic community structure of fungi occurred independently of taxonomic structure, suggesting utility of phylogenetic approaches to bioassessment.
    Electronic ISSN: 2150-8925
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Wiley on behalf of The Ecological Society of America (ESA).
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