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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European biophysics journal 28 (1999), S. 294-301 
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: Key words Lipid polymorphism ; Cubic phases ; X-ray diffraction ; Dehydration stress ; Trehalose protective function
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Trehalose is known to protect some organisms from various stresses due to drought and high temperature. To explore the molecular mechanism of the protective function, the mesomorphic properties of the monoolein-water system, dried in the presence of trehalose, were studied by X-ray diffraction. While, in pure water, two bicontinuous inverse cubic structures (the Pn3m and Ia3d phases) and a lamellar Lα phase exist as a function of concentration, only the Pn3m cubic phase has been detected in concentrated trehalose solutions or in trehalose glasses, even under extremely dry conditions. Depending on the sugar concentration, or after glass dehydration, the Pn3m cubic unit cell decreases to very low values, much below the smaller one observed in pure water. However, as no phase transitions occur, a simple osmotic mechanism can be excluded. An additional stabilization of the lipid phase, arising from interfacial free energy changes due to trehalose-water-lipid direct interactions, and large enough to affect the energetic balance between the Pn3m and the Ia3d cubic phases, evidently occurs. Moreover, no differences in the Pn3m cubic structure were observed when the sugar platelets convert to the glassy state; no apparent structural modifications that can be related to mechanical pressure exerted on the lipid phase have been detected.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 12 (1990), S. 69-78 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Liquid crystals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Da alcuni anni si stanno studiando la sintesi e le proprietà fisiche di alcune serie omologhe aventi la seguente struttura generale: CH3-(CH2) m -CO-C6H4-N=N-C6H4-O-CO-(CH2) n -CH3, conn variabile da zero a sedici. In questo lavoro vengono descritti i risultati di uno studio diffrattometrico della serie liquido cristallina dei 4-butanoil-4′-n-alkanoilossi azobenzeni (m=2) e dei 4-pentanoil-4′-n-alkanoilossi azobenzeni (m=3): in particolare le fasi smettiche ordinate della seriem=3 sono state identificate e ne vengono discussi i parametri strutturali. Per quanto riguarda la fase smetticaA, abbiamo misurato lo spessore degli strati in funzione din sia nella seriem=2 chem=3: i risultati ottenuti sono stati confrontati con quelli delle serie omologhe conm=0 em=1. In particolare sono state osservate un'apprezzabile diminuzione dell'incremento dello spessore dovuto al gruppo CH2 ed un corrispondente aumento dello spessore del substrato aromatico: il modello che viene proposto permette di interpretare tali fenomeni.
    Abstract: Резюме В течение нескольких лет мы исследовали синтез и физические свойства гомологических рядов со следующей структурой: CH3-(CH2) m -CO-C6H4-N=N-C6H4-O-CO-(CH2) n -CH3, гдеn находится в области от 0 до 16. В этой работе мы приводим результаты дифрактометрических исследований жидких кристаллических соединений сm=2 сm=3, в частности, индентифицируются все упорядоченные смектические фазы дляm=3 и обсуждаются некоторые структурные параметры. Рассчитывая смектическуюА фазу, мы определяем зависимость толщины слоя от для рядов сm=2 и сm=3. Полученные результаты сравниваются с результатами для гомологических рядов сm=0 и сm=1. В частности, наблюдается заметное уменьшение приращения толщины, обусловленное группой CH2, и соответствующее увеличение толщины ароматического подслоя. Полученные результаты интерпретиружтся с помощью предложенной модели.
    Notes: Summary Since few years, we have been studying the synthesis and the physical properties of homologous series with the following general structure: CH3-(CH2) m -CO-C6H4-N=N-C6H4-O-CO-(CH2) n -CH3, withn ranging from zero to sixteen. In this work we report the results of the diffractometric study of the liquid crystalline series 4-butanoyl-4′-n-alkanoyloxy azobenzenes (m=2) and 4-pentanoyl-4′-n-alkanoyloxy azobenzenes (m=3): in particular all the ordered smectic phases of them=3 series have been identified and some structural parameters are discussed. Considering the smecticA phase, we have determined the layer thickness as a function ofn for both them=2 andm=3 series: the results have been compared with those of the homologous series withm=0 andm=1. In particular an appreciable decrease of the thickness increment due to a CH2 group and a corresponding increase of the thickness of aromatic sublayer were observed: these results are interpreted by means of a proposed model.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 9 (1987), S. 86-96 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Phase equilibria, phase transitions and critical points of specific substances
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Mediante diffrazione dei raggi X, calorimetria differenziale e microscopia ottica sono state studiate le transizioni di fase per miscele binarie di colesteril oleato (CO) e colesterolo (CH). Sono stati ricavati in riscaldamento il diagramma di fase per le transizioni solido-solido e solido-liquido isotropo ed in raffreddamento un diagramma di fase comprendente le mesofasi colesterica e smettica. In particolare sono stati osservati un marcato effetto di sovraraffreddamento del liquido del colesterolo ed una progressiva diminuzione delle temperature di transizione delle fasi liquido-isotropo colesterico e colestericosmettico. Inoltre sono state trovate alcune modificazioni strutturali indotte nella fase smetticaA ed in quella colesterica dalla presenza del CH nel CO. Infine è stata studiata la dipendenza della distanza intermolecolare nella fase liquido isotropo in funzione della temperatura e della composizione della miscela.
    Abstract: Резюме Исследуются фазовые переходы в бинарных смесях олеата холестерила (CO) и холестерола (CH) с помощью дифракции рентгеновских лучей, дифференциальной сканирующей калориметрии и оптической микроскопии. Получаются при нагревании фазовые диаграммы, вклюьающие переходы твердое тело-твердое тело и твердое тело-изотропная жидкость, а при охлаждении фазовая диаграмма, включающая холестерическую и смектическую мезофазы. В частности, наблюдается сильные эффект сверхохлаждения дия жидкого холестерола и постепенное уменьшение температур фазовых переходов изотропная жидкость-холестерик и холестерик-смектик. Кроме того, определяются структурные модификации, индуцированные в фазе смектикаА и в фазе холестерика наличием CH и CO. В эаключение, исследуется эависимость расстояния между молекулами в фазе изотропной жидкости, как функция температуры и состава смеси.
    Notes: Summary The phase transitions for binary mixtures of cholesteryl oleate (CO) and cholesterol (CH) have been investigated by X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry and optical microscopy. The phase diagrams on heating, involving the solid-solid and solid-isotropic liquid transitions, and on cooling, involving the cholesteric and smectic mesophases, have been derived. In particular, a strong supercooling effect of liquid cholesterol and a progressive decrease of the isotropic liquid-cholesteric and cholesteric-smectic transition temperatures were observed. Moreover, some structural modifications induced in the smecticA and in the cholesteric phase by the presence of CH in CO were detected. Finally the dependence of intermolecular distance in the isotropic liquid phase was studied as a function of temperature and mixture composition.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 12 (1990), S. 1293-1308 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Liquid crystals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary We report a thermodynamical and structural investigation on the effect of a dicarboxylic acid, the azelaic acid, on a synthetic phosophatidylcholine in excess water condition. The results indicate that the drug interacts with the lipid headgroup region, near to the hydrocarbon chains: in particular, at higher concentrations investigated, an interdigitated «gel phase», with rigid chains, stiff and perpendicular to the lamellar planes, is induced. The experimental electron density profiles, obtained for samples containing low and high quantity of azelaic acid, support the proposed interaction. Moreover, step electron density models, used to confirm the selected sign combination of the observed structure factors, show the best agreement with the experimental data when the chain terminal methyl groups are frozen in fixed position.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 19 (1992), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Various methods, with different strengths and weaknesses, are currently used to define polymorphism of the bovine major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II genes. A more complete characterization of bovine lymphocyte antigen (BoLA) haplotypes can be achieved by combining several of these methods. In this study BoLA class II polymorphism was characterized using three typing methods: serology, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), and isoelectric focusing (IEF). Twenty six Holstein-Friesian and 15 Angus cattle that carried an array of serologically defined BoLA haplotypes were selected for the study. The panel included 12 BoLA complex homozygotes. The three class II typing methods recognized polymorphism associated with the same or very tightly linked genes in the DQ-DR class II subregion. In total 25 BoLA-A locus (class I) —DQ-DR subregion (class II) haplotypes were defined. Three of the serological class II specificities, Dx1, Dx3, and Dx4, were associated with more than one RFLP defined DQ-DR haplotype. The other 4 class II specificities behaved as private specificities. One BoLA haplotype was found in both Holstein and Angus cattle. Two other BoLA haplotypes defined here have previously been described in other breeds. This suggests that these haplotypes exist in strong linkage disequilibrium.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Biomembranes 1148 (1993), S. 351-355 
    ISSN: 0005-2736
    Keywords: Cubic phase ; Hexagonal phase ; N-Acylethanolamine ; Phosphatidylethanolamine
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Biomembranes 1107 (1992), S. 165-174 
    ISSN: 0005-2736
    Keywords: Calorimetry ; Lipid-drug interaction ; Model membrane ; Pindolol ; Swelling ; X-ray diffraction
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 190 (1993), S. 1130-1135 
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Current Opinion in Structural Biology 1 (1991), S. 501-505 
    ISSN: 0959-440X
    Keywords: [abr] DDAB-; didodecyl dimethyl ammonium bromide ; [abr] IPMS-; infinite periodic minimal surface
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0009-3084
    Keywords: X-ray scattering ; lipid-amino acid interaction ; model membrane ; pattern recognition approach ; swelling ; tryptophan
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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