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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2019-10-23
    Description: Purpose Food-based dietary guidelines are proposed to not only improve diet quality, but to also reduce the environmental impact of diets. The aim of our study was to investigate whether food-related behavioral activation therapy (F-BA) applying Mediterranean-style dietary guidelines altered food intake and the environmental impact of the diet in overweight adults with subsyndromal symptoms of depression. Methods In total 744 adults who either received the F-BA intervention (F-BA group) or no intervention (control group) for 12 months were included in this analysis. Food intake data were collected through a food frequency questionnaire at baseline and after 6 and 12 months. Greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE), land use (LU), and fossil energy use (FEU) estimates from life-cycle assessments and a weighted score of the three (pReCiPe score) were used to estimate the environmental impact of each individual diet at each timepoint. Results The F-BA group reported increased intakes of vegetables (19.7 g/day; 95% CI 7.8–31.6), fruit (23.0 g/day; 9.4–36.6), fish (7.6 g/day; 4.6–10.6), pulses/legumes (4.0 g/day; 1.6–6.5) and whole grains (12.7 g/day; 8.0–17.5), and decreased intake of sweets/extras (− 6.8 g/day; − 10.9 to − 2.8) relative to control group. This effect on food intake resulted in no change in GHGE, LU, and pReCiPe score, but a relative increase in FEU by 1.6 MJ/day (0.8, 2.4). Conclusions A shift towards a healthier Mediterranean-style diet does not necessarily result in a diet with reduced environmental impact in a real-life setting. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov. Number of identification: NCT02529423. August 2015.
    Print ISSN: 1436-6207
    Electronic ISSN: 1436-6215
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2014-06-06
    Description: Background: Changes in diet and exercise have been separately demonstrated to improve Depression, although scientific evidence available is scarce. In a previously published controlled study, just recommending these and other lifestyle measures (sleep restriction and sunlight exposure) in combination once, patients experienced improvements in their depressive symptoms six months later. In this sample, one in three depressive patients had metabolic syndrome (MetS) at baseline. First line treatment of MetS condition is hygienic-dietetic, being Mediterranean diet and exercise especially important. Therefore we analyzed if lifestyle recommendations also improved their metabolic profile.FindingsDuring the sixth month evaluation, a smaller number of patients from the group receiving hygienic-dietary recommendations met MetS criteria comparing with the control group. Conclusions: This study suggests that costless lifestyle recommendations, such as exercise and Mediterranean diet, have the capacity to promote both mental and physical health in a significant proportion of depressive patients. Further research is needed to confirm or discard these preliminary findings.
    Electronic ISSN: 1756-0500
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by BioMed Central
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  • 3
  • 4
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Description: Marine forests are shrinking globally due to several anthropogenic impacts including climate change. Forest-forming macroalgae, such as Cystoseira s.l. species, can be particularly sensitive to environmental conditions (e.g. temperature increase, pollution or sedimentation), especially during early life stages. However, not much is known about their response to the interactive effects of ocean warming (OW) and acidification (OA). These drivers can also affect the performance and survival of crustose coralline algae, which are associated understory species likely playing a role in the recruitment of later successional species such as forest-forming macroalgae. We tested the interactive effects of elevated temperature, low pH and species facilitation on the recruitment of Cystoseira compressa. We demonstrate that the interactive effects of OW and OA negatively affect the recruitment of C. compressa and its associated coralline algae Neogoniolithon brassica-florida. The density of recruits was lower under the combinations OW and OA, while the size was negatively affected by the temperature increase but positively affected by the low pH. The results from this study show that the interactive effects of climate change and the presence of crustose coralline algae can have a negative impact on the recruitment of Cystoseira s.l. species. While new restoration techniques recently opened the door to marine forest restoration, our results show that the interactions of multiple drivers and species interactions have to be considered to achieve long-term population sustainability.
    Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard deviation; Aragonite saturation state; Benthos; Bicarbonate ion; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (〈20 L); Calcification/Dissolution; Calcification rate of calcium carbonate; Calcite saturation state; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Chromista; Coast and continental shelf; Cystoseira compressa; DATE/TIME; Density; Dry mass; EXP; Experiment; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Growth/Morphology; Height; Identification; Julian day; Laboratory experiment; Macroalgae; Mass; Mediterranean Sea; Neogoniolithon brassica-florida; Number; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Ochrophyta; Other; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); pH; pH, standard deviation; Plantae; Potentiometric; Potentiometric titration; Replicates; Rhodophyta; Sainte_Marguerite_Island; Salinity; Species; Species interaction; Surface area; Temperate; Temperature; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, standard deviation; Time in days; Treatment: pH; Treatment: temperature; Type
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 116448 data points
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2020-08-10
    Description: Transfer RNA (tRNA) activity is tightly regulated to provide a physiological protein translation, and tRNA chemical modifications control its function in a complex with ribosomes and messenger RNAs (mRNAs). In this regard, the correct hypermodification of position G37 of phenylalanine-tRNA, adjacent to the anticodon, is critical to prevent ribosome frameshifting events. Here we report that the tRNA-yW Synthesizing Protein 2 (TYW2) undergoes promoter hypermethylation-associated transcriptional silencing in human cancer, particularly in colorectal tumors. The epigenetic loss of TYW2 induces guanosine hypomodification in phenylalanine-tRNA, an increase in −1 ribosome frameshift events, and down-regulation of transcripts by mRNA decay, such as of the key cancer gene ROBO1. Importantly, TYW2 epigenetic inactivation is linked to poor overall survival in patients with early-stage colorectal cancer, a finding that could be related to the observed acquisition of enhanced migration properties and epithelial-to-mesenchymal features in the colon cancer cells that harbor TYW2 DNA methylation-associated loss. These findings provide an illustrative example of how epigenetic changes can modify the epitranscriptome and further support a role for tRNA modifications in cancer biology.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 6
  • 7
    Publication Date: 2016-07-14
    Description: The mechanisms that determine the evolutionary adaptations of scavengers to carrion exploitation have been well established. In contrast, little is known about coexistence during carrion exploitation based on behavioral traits and considering obligate and facultative species together. This study revisits the hypotheses of behavioral organization within the guild of necrophagous birds in light of the adaptive processes of specialization to carrion exploitation. We used a detailed dataset of observations from high-quality video recordings in the 2 regions with the most diverse and abundant populations of European avian scavengers. Active feeding time varied between species, with the obligate scavengers spending more time eating. The way that scavengers ate the food (i.e., on the ground or carrying away) diverged among species, with species with longer and more pointed beaks and a greater prehensile ability (of talons to grip things) carrying the remains away more often. We recognized the diversity and complementarity of strategies aimed at exploiting the same resource by different species and age classes. Scavenger species were clustered according to the relationship between the time active at the feeding site and the number of feeding pecks, leading to a decrease in competition for resource exploitation, as well as an occupation of specialized trophic niches. The study of active-consumption rates showed that eagles and vultures obtained most and a half, respectively, of their daily energetic requirements from each feeding event, reinforcing the important role of this relevant food source from ecological, evolutionary, behavioral, and conservation standpoints.
    Print ISSN: 1045-2249
    Electronic ISSN: 1465-7279
    Topics: Biology
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2016-07-16
    Description: SIRT3, the major deacetylase in mitochondria, plays a crucial role modulating ROS production and scavenging by regulating key proteins implicated in mitochondrial turnover and in antioxidant defenses. Therefore, SIRT3 could confer resistance to chemotherapy-induced oxidative stress, leading to a lower ROS production and a higher cell survival. Our aim was to analyze whether SIRT3 silencing in breast cancer cells through a specific siRNA could increase oxidative stress and thus compromise the antioxidant response, resulting in a sensitization of the cells to cisplatin (CDDP) or tamoxifen (TAM). For this purpose, we studied cell viability, ROS production, apoptosis and autophagy in MCF-7 and T47D cell lines treated with these cytotoxic compounds, these either alone, or in combination with SIRT3 silencing. Moreover, protein levels regulated by SIRT3 were also examined and survival curves were analyzed to study the importance of SIRT3 expression for the overall survival of breast cancer patients. When SIRT3 was silenced and combined with cytotoxic treatments, cell viability was highly decreased, and was accompanied by a significant increase in ROS production. While TAM treatment increased autophagic cell death, CDDP significantly triggered apoptosis, whereas SIRT3 silencing produced an enhancement of these two action mechanisms. SIRT3 knockdown also affected PGC-1α and TFAM (mitochondrial biogenesis), and MnSOD and IDH 2 (antioxidant defenses) protein levels. Finally, survival curves showed that higher SIRT3 expression is correlated to a poorer prognosis for patients with grade 3 breast cancer. In conclusion, SIRT3 could be a therapeutic target for breast cancer, improving the effectiveness of CDDP and TAM treatments. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
    Electronic ISSN: 0091-7419
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Published by Wiley
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2013-09-26
    Description: Ecological Applications, Volume 0, Issue 0, Ahead of Print. Recent changes in sanitary policies by European Union (EU) concerning disposal of carcasses of domestic animals and the increase of non-natural mortality factors as illegal poisoning are threatening European vultures. However, the effects of anthropogenic actions in demographic parameters are poorly studied. Using a long-term study (1994-2011) of the threatened Pyrenean bearded vulture Gypaetus barbatus population, we assess the variation in the proportion of breeding pairs, egg-laying dates, clutch size, productivity, breeding success and survival following a sharp reduction in food availability in 2005. To test such variations we used Cusum tests (from the field of statistical process control) and multi-event capture-recapture modeling to estimate changes in survival probabilities. We found a delay in laying dates, and a regressive trend in clutch size, productivity, flight rate and survival. The maintenance of specific supplementary feeding stations for bearded vultures likely reduced the negative effects of illegal poisoning and food shortages, which mainly affected sub-adult survival. According to the Cusum test, demographic parameters suffered a significant shift after 2005 coinciding with a reduction in the food supply for the avian scavenger guild. Changes in food availability may have produced changes in demographic parameters and an increase in mortality due to an increased exposure to contaminated food. As a result supplementary feeding used as a precautionary measure can be a useful tool to reduce illegal poisoning and shifts in demographic parameters until precedent food availability scenarios are achieved. This study shows how anthropogenic actions through human health regulations affecting habitat quality can suddenly modify demographic parameters in long-lived raptors. Because in natural processes the variation of biological parameters is usually slow and gradual, and because randomness and environmental stochasticity makes it difficult to detect changes in the absence of a large number of records, the use of Cusum test constitutes a useful tool for studies in the field of ecology and evolution.
    Print ISSN: 1051-0761
    Electronic ISSN: 1939-5582
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Wiley on behalf of The Ecological Society of America (ESA).
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  • 10
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2019
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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