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  • 1
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    The physical oceanography of the transport of floating marine debris (2020)
    IOP PUBLISHING LTD
    In:  EPIC3Environmental Research Letters, IOP PUBLISHING LTD, ISSN: 1748-9326
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-03
    Description: Marine plastic debris floating on the ocean surface is a major environmental problem. However, its distribution in the ocean is poorly mapped, and most of the plastic waste estimated to have entered the ocean from land is unaccounted for. Better understanding of how plastic debris is transported from coastal and marine sources is crucial to quantify and close the global inventory of marine plastics, which in turn represents critical information for mitigation or policy strategies. At the same time, plastic is a unique tracer that provides an opportunity to learn more about the physics and dynamics of our ocean across multiple scales, from the Ekman convergence in basin-scale gyres to individual waves in the surfzone. In this review, we comprehensively discuss what is known about the different processes that govern the transport of floating marine plastic debris in both the open ocean and the coastal zones, based on the published literature and referring to insights from neighbouring fields such as oil spill dispersion, marine safety recovery, plankton connectivity, and others. We discuss how measurements of marine plastics (both in situ and in the laboratory), remote sensing, and numerical simulations can elucidate these processes and their interactions across spatio-temporal scales.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The (non-)Gibbsian nature of states invariant under stochastic transformations
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 206 (1994), S. 587-603 
    Details
    ISSN: 0378-4371
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0378-4371(94)90326-3
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Percolation techniques in disordered spin flip dynamics: Relation to the unique invariant measure (1996)
    Springer
    Communications in mathematical physics 177 (1996), S. 83-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We consider lattice spin systems with short range but random and unbounded interactions. We give criteria for ergodicity of spin flip dynamics and estimate the speed of convergence to the unique invariant measure. We find for this convergence a stretched exponential in time for a class of “directed” dynamics (such as in the disordered Toom or Stavskaya model). For the general case, we show that the relaxation is faster than any power in time. No assumptions of reversibility are made. The methods are based on relating the problem to an oriented percolation problem (contact process) and (for the general case) using a slightly modified version of the multiscale analysis of e.g. Klein (1993).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02102431
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impact of westerly wind bursts on the warm pool of the TOGA-COARE domain in an OGCM (1997)
    Springer
    Climate dynamics 14 (1997), S. 55-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0894
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract  A primitive equation model is used to investigate the warm pool equilibrium of the tropical Pacific ocean. Attention is focused on the upper ocean. The oceanic response is described using an isothermal approach applied to warm waters contained in the TOGA-COARE domain. The heat balance shows that all the terms, atmospheric surface fluxes, advection and diffusion, operate in the heat bugdet with different time scales. Over long periods, diffusive heat fluxes transfer heat received from the atmosphere out of the warm pool trough the top of the main thermocline. Over short periods, the impact of westerly wind bursts modifies this balance: atmospheric heating is reversed, diffusion is enhanced and advective heat transports out of the warm pool operate through zonal and vertical contributions. We were able to relate the two latter processes to zonal jets and Ekman pumping, respectively. Conversely, the meridional contribution always represents a source of heat, mainly due to the tropical wind convergence. The modelling results clearly show that except during strong wind events, entrainment cooling is not an important component of the budget. The inability to remove heat is due to the salt stratification which needs to be first reduced or even destroyed by westerly wind bursts to activate heat entrainment into deeper layers. Finally, we suggest that the near zero estimate for the surface heat flux entering the warm pool may be extended to longer periods including seaosnal to interannual time scale.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003820050208
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relaxation of Disordered Magnets in the Griffiths' Regime (1997)
    Springer
    Communications in mathematical physics 188 (1997), S. 135-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract: We study the relaxation to equilibrium of discrete spin systems with random finite range (not necessarily ferromagnetic) interactions in the Griffiths' regime. We prove that the speed of convergence to the unique reversible Gibbs measure is almost surely faster than any stretched exponential, at least if the probability distribution of the interaction decays faster than exponential (e.g. Gaussian). Furthermore, if the interaction is uniformly bounded, the average over the disorder of the time–autocorrelation function, goes to equilibrium as (in d 〉 1), in agreement with previous results obtained for the dilute Ising model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002200050160
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relaxation to Equilibrium for Two Dimensional Disordered Ising Systems in the Griffiths Phase (1997)
    Springer
    Communications in mathematical physics 189 (1997), S. 323-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract: We consider Glauber–type dynamics for two dimensional disordered magnets of Ising type. We prove that, if the disorder–averaged influence of the boundary condition is sufficiently small in the equilibrium system, then the corresponding Glauber dynamics is ergodic with probability one and the disorder–average C(t) of time–autocorrelation function satisfies (for large t). For the standard two dimensional dilute Ising ferromagnet with i.i.d. random nearest neighbor couplings taking the values 0 or J 0〉0, our results apply even if the active bonds percolate and J 0 is larger than the critical value J c of the corresponding pure Ising model. For the same model we also prove that in the whole Griffiths' phase the previous upper bound is optimal. This implies the existence of a dynamical phase transition which occurs when J crosses J c .
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002200050205
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The uniqueness regime of Gibbs fields with unbounded disorder (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 81 (1995), S. 829-835 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: Quenched disorder ; spin glasses ; disagreement percolation ; Griffiths' singularities
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We consider lattice spin systems with short-range but random and unbounded interactions. We give an elementary proof of uniqueness of Gibbs measures at high temperature or strong magnetic fields, and of the exponential decay of the corresponding quenched correlation functions. The analysis is based on the study of disagreement percolation (as initiated by van den Berg and Maes).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02179259
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Convergence to Equilibrium of Random Ising Models in the Griffiths Phase (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 92 (1998), S. 337-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: Random spin systems ; diluted Ising model ; Glauber dynamics ; relaxation time ; Griffiths singularities ; FK representation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We consider Glauber-type dynamics for disordered Ising spin systems with nearest neighbor pair interactions in the Griffiths phase. We prove that in a nontrivial portion of the Griffiths phase the system has exponentially decaying correlations of distant functions with probability exponentially close to 1. This condition has, in turn, been shown elsewhere to imply that the convergence to equilibrium is faster than any stretched exponential, and that the average over the disorder of the time-autocorrelation function goes to equilibrium faster than exp[−k(log t) d/(d−1)]. We then show that for the diluted Ising model these upper bounds are optimal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1023077101354
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Restriction of the Ising Model to a Layer (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 96 (1999), S. 69-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: non-Gibbsian states ; variational principle ; projections ; weakly Gibbsian measures
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We discuss the status of recent Gibbsian descriptions of the restriction (projection) of the Ising phases to a layer. We concentrate on the projection of the two-dimensional low-temperature Ising phases, for which we prove a variational principle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004516331366
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Agreement percolation and phase coexistence in some Gibbs systems (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 80 (1995), S. 1379-1403 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: Percolation ; Gibbs measures ; nonuniqueness ; antiferromagnets ; hard-core models ; Widom-Rowlinson continuum model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We extend some relations between percolation and the dependence of Gibbs states on boundary conditions known for Ising ferromagnets to other systems and investigate their general validity: percolation is defined in terms of the agreement of a configuration with one of the ground states of the system. This extension is studied via examples and counterexamples, including the antiferromagnetic Ising and hard-core models on bipartite lattices, Potts models, and many-layered Ising and continuum Widom-Rowlinson models. In particular our results on the hard square lattice model make rigorous observations made by Hu and Mak on the basis of computer simulations. Moreover, we observe that the (naturally defined) clusters of the Widom-Rowlinson model play (for the WR model itself) the same role that the clusters of the Fortuin-Kasteleyn measure play for the ferromagnetic Potts models. The phase transition and percolation in this system can be mapped into the corresponding liquid-vapor transition of a one-component fluid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02179875
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