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  • 1
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    Pericytes regulate the blood-brain barrier (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-10-15
    Description: The blood-brain barrier (BBB) consists of specific physical barriers, enzymes and transporters, which together maintain the necessary extracellular environment of the central nervous system (CNS). The main physical barrier is found in the CNS endothelial cell, and depends on continuous complexes of tight junctions combined with reduced vesicular transport. Other possible constituents of the BBB include extracellular matrix, astrocytes and pericytes, but the relative contribution of these different components to the BBB remains largely unknown. Here we demonstrate a direct role of pericytes at the BBB in vivo. Using a set of adult viable pericyte-deficient mouse mutants we show that pericyte deficiency increases the permeability of the BBB to water and a range of low-molecular-mass and high-molecular-mass tracers. The increased permeability occurs by endothelial transcytosis, a process that is rapidly arrested by the drug imatinib. Furthermore, we show that pericytes function at the BBB in at least two ways: by regulating BBB-specific gene expression patterns in endothelial cells, and by inducing polarization of astrocyte end-feet surrounding CNS blood vessels. Our results indicate a novel and critical role for pericytes in the integration of endothelial and astrocyte functions at the neurovascular unit, and in the regulation of the BBB.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Armulik, Annika -- Genove, Guillem -- Mae, Maarja -- Nisancioglu, Maya H -- Wallgard, Elisabet -- Niaudet, Colin -- He, Liqun -- Norlin, Jenny -- Lindblom, Per -- Strittmatter, Karin -- Johansson, Bengt R -- Betsholtz, Christer -- England -- Nature. 2010 Nov 25;468(7323):557-61. doi: 10.1038/nature09522. Epub 2010 Oct 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Vascular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Scheeles vag 2, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden. annika.armulik@ki.se〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20944627" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Astrocytes/metabolism ; Benzamides ; Blood-Brain Barrier/*cytology/*metabolism ; Central Nervous System/blood supply ; Endothelial Cells/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Imatinib Mesylate ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Pericytes/*metabolism ; Piperazines/pharmacology ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Pyrimidines/pharmacology ; Transcytosis/drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
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    Community change within a Caribbean coral reef Marine Protected Area following two decades of local management (2013)
    Public Library of Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © The Author(s), 2013. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in PLoS ONE 8 (2013): e54069, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0054069.
    Description: Structural change in both the habitat and reef-associated fish assemblages within spatially managed coral reefs can provide key insights into the benefits and limitations of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). While MPA zoning effects on particular target species are well reported, we are yet to fully resolve the various affects of spatial management on the structure of coral reef communities over decadal time scales. Here, we document mixed affects of MPA zoning on fish density, biomass and species richness over the 21 years since establishment of the Saba Marine Park (SMP). Although we found significantly greater biomass and species richness of reef-associated fishes within shallow habitats (5 meters depth) closed to fishing, this did not hold for deeper (15 m) habitats, and there was a widespread decline (38% decrease) in live hard coral cover and a 68% loss of carnivorous reef fishes across all zones of the SMP from the 1990s to 2008. Given the importance of live coral for the maintenance and replenishment of reef fishes, and the likely role of chronic disturbance in driving coral decline across the region, we explore how local spatial management can help protect coral reef ecosystems within the context of large-scale environmental pressures and disturbances outside the purview of local MPA management.
    Description: Funding was provided by the Saba Conservation Foundation ((SCF), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, The Australian National University and Australian Research Council.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
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    Method Standardization and Guidance Value Determination for Regulation on Formaldehyde in Round Scad (Decapterus spp.). (2023)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-16
    Description: There are reports of traded Galunggong (Fil.), Decapterus spp., adulterated with formaldehyde (FA) to lengthen shelf life. FA is a noxious substance with negative repercussions to general consumer health. This warrants the determination of a guidance value due to a lack of a local regulatory value specific to Galunggong amidst rising Filipino public concern in the wake of importations complicated by the natural occurrence of FA in the marine fish post-mortem. Comparisons were made on FA levels of fish treated with different conditions exposure and with colorimetric measurements using 405 nm and 412 nm via Nash’s method optimized for a fish matrix with no significant difference in measurement to at most 30 ppm FA in an aqueous matrix. There is also no significant difference in FA content of samples measured immediately from those frozen overnight. Therefore, in line with the regulatory mandates of the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (DA-BFAR) of the Department of Agriculture (Republic of the Philippines), a guidance value of 46.24 μg FA/g of Galunggong or 46.24 ppm is suggested, which is obtained from FA measurements of fish subjected to minimal anthropogenic treatments in different conditions of adulteration. Samples from different Metro Manila wet markets serve as the baseline. The guidance value is suggested to be used as a reference for regulatory purposes and can be improved with a more widespread sampling of fish from landing to selling.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Galunggong ; Round scads ; Formaldehyde ; Nash’s method ; Colorimetric ; ASFA_2015::P::Pelagic fish
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
    Format: 11-21
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies of Metallated Dye Complexes. I. Copper(II) Complex with o,o'-Dihydroxyazobenzene1 (1951)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 73 (1951), S. 4683-4684 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01154a057
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 5
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    Competition between Reaction and Intramolecular Energy Redistribution in Solution: Observation and Nature of Nonstatistical Dynamics in the Ozonolysis of Vinyl Ethers (2011)
    American Chemical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-09-07
    Print ISSN: 0002-7863
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5126
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by American Chemical Society
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  • 6
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    Studies of Metallated Dye Complexes. I. Copper(II) Complex with o,o'-Dihydroxyazobenzene1 (1951)
    American Chemical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 1951-10-01
    Print ISSN: 0002-7863
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5126
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by American Chemical Society
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  • 7
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    Specialization within a shifting habitat mosaic underpins the seasonal abundance of a tropical fish (2016)
    Wiley
    In: Ecosphere
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-01
    Description: Habitat availability can be a key driver for the distribution and abundance of animals occupying heterogeneous landscapes. How species respond to regular changes in patch habitat structure, however, remains poorly understood, especially within seasonal seascapes. We explored the importance of patch habitat quality for the seasonal population dynamics of a widespread reef fish, Leptoscarus vaigiensis , within a shifting mosaic of seaweed patch habitats. Following dietary and behavioral assessments of L. vaigiensis microhabitat preferences, we used best subsets model selection to explore the relative importance of seaweed canopy attributes (cover, height, density) and the abundance of putative competitors and predators for explaining regional variations in L. vaigiensis density across summer and winter. Dietary analysis ( n  =   53 individuals) and behavioral observations ( n  =   1014) indicated that L. vaigiensis are habitat specialists that primarily consume brown seaweeds and prefer areas within patches that have tall (〉30 cm height) canopy-forming seaweeds ( Sargassum , Sargassopsis ) at low to intermediate densities (1–5 holdfasts per m 2 ). Accordingly, we found seaweed percent cover and canopy height were two of the most powerful predictors for L. vaigiensis abundance, with major seasonal shifts in L. vaigiensis abundance from summer to winter strongly related to patch-level changes in canopy cover and height. We conclude that patch habitat quality, based upon microhabitat preferences, can be a powerful predictor for the response of species to a seasonally shifting habitat mosaic, and that high-quality patches that provide seasonal refuges should be a focus for spatial conservation and management.
    Electronic ISSN: 2150-8925
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Wiley on behalf of The Ecological Society of America (ESA).
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  • 8
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    Targeted transcriptional modulation with type I CRISPR–Cas systems in human cells (2019)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Print ISSN: 1087-0156
    Electronic ISSN: 1546-1696
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 9
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    Climatic forcing and larval dispersal capabilities shape the replenishment of fishes and their habitat-forming biota on a tropical coral reef (2018)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-01-17
    Description: Fluctuations in marine populations often relate to the supply of recruits by oceanic currents. Variation in these currents is typically driven by large-scale changes in climate, in particular ENSO (El Nino Southern Oscillation). The dependence on large-scale climatic changes may, however, be modified by early life history traits of marine taxa. Based on eight years of annual surveys, along 150 km of coastline, we examined how ENSO influenced abundance of juvenile fish, coral spat, and canopy-forming macroalgae. We then investigated what traits make populations of some fish families more reliant on the ENSO relationship than others. Abundance of juvenile fish and coral recruits was generally positively correlated with the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), higher densities recorded during La Niña years, when the ENSO-influenced Leeuwin Current is stronger and sea surface temperature higher. The relationship is typically positive and stronger among fish families with shorter pelagic larval durations and stronger swimming abilities. The relationship is also stronger at sites on the coral back reef, although the strongest of all relationships were among the lethrinids ( r  = .9), siganids ( r  = .9), and mullids ( r  = .8), which recruit to macroalgal meadows in the lagoon. ENSO effects on habitat seem to moderate SOI–juvenile abundance relationship. Macroalgal canopies are higher during La Niña years, providing more favorable habitat for juvenile fish and strengthening the SOI effect on juvenile abundance. Conversely, loss of coral following a La Niña-related heat wave may have compromised postsettlement survival of coral dependent species, weakening the influence of SOI on their abundance. This assessment of ENSO effects on tropical fish and habitat-forming biota and how it is mediated by functional ecology improves our ability to predict and manage changes in the replenishment of marine populations. Abundance of juvenile fish and coral recruits was generally positively correlated with the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), with higher densities recorded during La Niña years. The relationship is typically positive and stronger among fish families with shorter pelagic larval durations and stronger swimming abilities. ENSO effects on habitat seem to moderate SOI–juvenile abundance relationship.
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-7758
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Wiley
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  • 10
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    Climatic conditions and nursery habitat quality provide indicators of reef fish recruitment strength (2017)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-25
    Description: Identifying and protecting nursery habitats for species is a key conservation strategy for the long-term sustainability of populations. In tropical ecosystems, macroalgal habitats have recently been identified as nurseries for fish of commercial and conservation significance. Here, we explore how local-scale variations in seaweed habitat quality interact with large-scale climatic conditions (Southern Oscillation Index, SOI) to influence the recruitment of three tropical fish species ( Lethrinus spp.), often targeted by fishers. New fish recruits and juveniles of all species were almost exclusively found in macroalgal nursery habitats, while adults of two of these species were predominantly found on adjacent coral reefs. Annual supply rates of new recruits were found to be strongly correlated to variations in the SOI, with La Nina conditions associated with higher recruitment. However, local rates of recruitment were generally poor predictors of older juvenile abundance. Instead, local juvenile abundance was more closely related to structural characteristics of macroalgae nursery habitat quality (density, canopy height, canopy cover) and/or predator biomass, at the time of survey, with species-specific habitat associations apparent. Given the dynamic nature of fish recruitment supply to the SOI, coupled with the effects of climatic and oceanic processes on the structure of macroalgal patches, these results suggest protection of macroalgal nursery habitats that maintain high canopy density, height and cover is critical to supporting the conservation of fish populations.
    Print ISSN: 0024-3590
    Electronic ISSN: 1939-5590
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of The Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography (ASLO).
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