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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    First results from the hot plasma instrument PROMICS-3 on Interball-2 (1999)
    Springer
    Annales geophysicae 17 (1999), S. 659-673 
    Details
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Keywords: Magnetospheric physics (auroral phenomena; magnetotail boundary layers; instruments and techniques)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The PROMICS-3 instrument on Interball-2 is nominally identical to the PROMICS-3 instrument on Interball-1. It performs three-dimensional measurements of ions in the energy range 4 eV–70 keV with mass separation and of electrons in the energy range 300 eV–35 keV. Interball-2 was launched on August 29, 1996, into an orbit with the same inclination as that of Interball-1, 63°, but with apogee at 20 000 km. In this study the PROMICS-3 instrument on Interball-2 is briefly described and examples of the first results are presented. Firstly, we report observations of upward moving molecular ions with energies of up to 700 eV at the poleward edge of the auroral oval. Previous observations of outflowing molecular ions have been at lower altitudes and lower energies. Secondly, we show observations of dawnside magnetosheath plasma injections. Using conjugate data from both PROMICS-3 instruments we have found dispersion structures above the morningside auroral oval, which occurred simultaneously with isolated “pockets” of magnetosheath plasma at a distance of XGSM = −14 to −12 RE, which had been injected into the inner part of the low-latitude boundary layer. These isolated plasma structures were sites of strong field-aligned currents and are proposed to be the magnetospheric counterparts of the dispersion structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-999-0659-3
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    First results from the plasma composition spectrometer PROMICS-3 in the Interball project (1997)
    Springer
    Annales geophysicae 15 (1997), S. 542-552 
    Details
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract PROMICS-3 is a plasma experiment flown in the Russian project Interball. It performs three-dimensional (3D) measurements of ions in the energy range 4 eV–70 keV with mass separation and of electrons in the energy range 12 eV–35 keV. The Interball project consists of two main satellites, the Tail Probe and the Auroral Probe, each with one subsatellite. The Interball Tail Probe was launched on 3 August 1995, into a 65° inclination orbit with apogee at about 30 RE. Both main satellites carry identical PROMICS-3 instruments and thus direct comparisons of the particle distributions will be possible once the Auroral Probe is launched. Furthermore, PROMICS-3-Tail is the first instrument measuring the 3D ion distribution function in the magnetospheric boundary layers at high latitudes. In this paper we describe the PROMICS-3 instrument and show initial results from the Tail probe, measurements of the mag-netosheath, plasma sheet, and ring current plasmas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-997-0542-z
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    POSITIVE SELECTION OF Tac- (CD25) POSITIVE CELLS FOLLOWING T-CELL ACTIVATION: USE OF IMMUNOMAGNETIC SEPARATION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR T-CELL CLONING (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 16 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We have investigated if positive selection for cells expressing activation antigens, which appear on the cell surface during T-lymphocyte activation, could be used for cloning purposes. For this purpose, we used paramagnetic, monodisperse Dynabeads coated with anti-Tac monclonal antibody, which recognizes CD25 (interleukin-2 receptor light chain). After the first 6–12 h of a primary response, depletion of Tac+ cells could largely abrogate the specific response. This indicated that the specifically responding cells were found among the Tac+ population. T-cell cloning was thus performed on Tac+ blasts positively selected after 18 h of a primary response, at day 6 of a primary response or during secondary stimulation, and gave a high percentage of specific clones. This method is thus a good alternative to established techniques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1989.tb00461.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    RAPID IMMUNOMAGNETIC PHENOTYPING OF CELLS (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 16 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A new method for immunophenotyping of cells in suspension has been developed. The method is based on identification of cells that have formed rosettes with superparamagnetic particles (Dynabeads) conjugated with monoclonal antibodies directed against cell-surface antigens. The method is extremely simple. Twenty-five μl of cells are mixed with 5 μl of Dynabeads in U-bottom microtitre wells. Following a I-min centrifugation step, rosette formation can be inspected in the microscope. Staining of the cells before rosetting with acridine orange/ethidium bromide allows direct quantification of viable cells carrying a given marker. The method is limited to detection of cell-surface antigens, and the results obtained are comparable to those seen with indirect immunofluorescence. The method may be used for phenotyping of leukaemia and other cancer cells, and can also be used for phenotyping of cells that can only be obtained in small numbers, such as spinal fluid cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1989.tb00459.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Specificity of galactolipids in photochemical reactions coupled with cytochrome C reduction
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 21 (1965), S. 424-431 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-291X(65)90399-2
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Degenerating epidermal bodies (”pulsatile bodies”) in Meara stichopi (Plathelminthes, Nemertodermatida) (1996)
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 116 (1996), S. 1-5 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The original description of the nemertodermatid flatworm, Meara stichopi, reported the occurrence of distinct ”restitution cells” in the epidermis. An ultrastructural investigation of these objects was undertaken. We found cell bodies with an ultrastructure similar to ”pulsatile bodies” reported from Acoela. The cells are clearly the result of a degeneration process, not of regeneration. They are old epidermal cells which are withdrawn from the epidermis to the digestive tissue, evidently for resorption. A peculiarity of the degenerating epidermal cells of M. stichopi is that the cilia are most often detached before the cell is withdrawn from the epidermal surface, resulting in an inability to pulsate. Thus, we suggest that the term ”pulsatile body” is replaced by the more inclusive and informative term ”degenerating epidermal body”. The results support the hypothesis put forward by Ehlers that these bodies represent a synapo-morphic character state for the Nemertodermatida and the Acoela.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00008491
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative ultrastructure of the epidermal ciliary rootlets and associated structures in species of the Nemertodermatida and Acoela (Plathelminthes) (1997)
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 117 (1997), S. 81-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The fine morphology of epidermal ciliary structures in four species of the Nemertodermatida and four species of the Acoela was studied, with emphasis on Meara stichopi (Nemertodermatida). The cilium of M. stichopi has a distal shelf and is proximally separated from the basal body by a cup-shaped structure. The bottom of the cup consists of a bilayered dense plate, or basal plate. The basal body consists of peripheral microtubule doublets continuous with those of the cilium. In the upper part of the basal body, the doublets are set at an angle and are anchored to the enclosing cell membrane by Y-shaped structures. The lower part of the basal body tapers eventually. The striated main rootlet arises on the anterior face of the basal body, initially like a flattened strap, and continues along the basal body shaped as a tube which further down becomes solid. The hour-glass-shaped posterior rootlet arises on the posterior face of the basal body. Contrary to the main rootlet, the striations in the proximal part of the posterior rootlet run parallel to the microtubule doublets of the basal body. A pair of microtubule bundles lead from the posterior rootlet to the two main rootlets in the hind ciliary row, and follow these to their lower tip. In the other species of the Nemertodermatida studied, the structure of the ciliary basal body and the ciliary rootlets is similar to that of M. stichopi. Structural differences in the species of the Acoela are that the lowermost end of the basal body is narrow and bent forwards, the proximal part of the main rootlet is trough-shaped, the main rootlet is accompanied by a pair of lateral rootlets and the posterior rootlet with associated microtubule bundles is thin. The epidermal ciliary structures in species of the Nemertodermatida and Acoela have a number of shared characters which are unique within the Plathelminthes. However, almost all of these characters are found in Xenoturbella bocki (Xenoturbellida), and some even in species of other ”phyla” of the ”lower” Metazoa. Hence, these characters cannot be considered apomorphic for the Acoelomorpha. A character seemingly present only in species of the Nemertodermatida and Acoela is the bilayered dense plate. This feature might represent an autapomorphic character state for the Acoelomorpha.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004350050033
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Freja Hot Plasma Experiment—Instrument and first results (1994)
    Springer
    Space science reviews 70 (1994), S. 563-576 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9672
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The Hot Plasma Experiment, F3H, on boardFreja is designed to measure auroral particle distribution functions with very high temporal and spatial resolution. The experiment consists of three different units; an electron spectrometer that measures angular and energy distributions simultaneously, a positive ion spectrometer that is using the spacecraft spin for three-dimensional measurements, and a data processing unit. The main scientific objective is to study positive ion heating perpendicular to the magnetic field lines in the auroral region. The high resolution measurements of different positive ion species and electrons have already provided important information on this process as well as on other processes at high latitudes. This includes for example high resolution observations of auroral particle precipitation features and source regions of positive ions during magnetic disturbances. TheFreja orbit with an inclination of 63° allows us to make detailed measurements in the nightside auroral oval during all disturbance levels. In the dayside, the cusp region is covered during magnetic disturbances. We will here present the instrument in some detail and some outstanding features in the particle data obtained during the first months of operation at altitudes around 1700 km in the northern hemisphere auroral region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00756886
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  • 9
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    Cytokine release and gastrointestinal symptoms after gluten challenge in celiac disease (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Celiac disease (CeD), caused by immune reactions to cereal gluten, is treated with gluten -elimination diets. Within hours of gluten exposure, either perorally or extraorally by intradermal injection, treated patients experience gastrointestinal symptoms. To test whether gluten exposure leads to systemic cytokine production time -related to symptoms, series of multiplex cytokine measurements were obtained in CeD patients after gluten challenge. Peptide injection elevated at least 15 plasma cytokines, with IL-2, IL-8, and IL-10 being most prominent (fold-change increase at 4 hours of 272, 11, and 1.2, respectively). IL-2 and IL-8 were the only cytokines elevated at 2 hours, preceding onset of symptoms. After gluten ingestion, IL-2 was the earliest and most prominent cytokine (15-fold change at 4 hours). Supported by studies of patient-derived gluten-specific T cell clones and primary lymphocytes, our observations indicate that gluten-specific CD4〈sup〉+〈/sup〉 T cells are rapidly reactivated by antigen -exposure likely causing CeD-associated gastrointestinal symptoms.〈/p〉
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    Small intestinal T cells of celiac disease patients recognize a natural pepsin fragment of gliadin (1998)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-08-18
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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