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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Computational statistics 14 (1999), S. 263-276 
    ISSN: 1613-9658
    Keywords: Key words: Cramér-Rao lower bound, Efficiency and asymptotic efficiency, Empirical Bayes binomial model, Fisher information, Method of moments
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary In the empirical Bayes binomial model of Morris (1983), the Bayes estimate of the binomial proportion parameter has a shrinkage pattern with prior mean p and shrinkage factor b as the hyperparameters. Formulating an empirical Bayes estimate, Morris employs the method of moments to estimate these two hyperparameters. This paper investigates the efficiency/asymptotic efficiency of these estimates relative to the Cramér-Rao lower bound for the variance of unbiased estimates. The efficiency of the estimate of p and the asymptotic efficiency of the estimate of b are mathematically formulated. The estimate of p is at least 95% efficient in all cases, and it becomes perfectly efficient as the parameter b approaches 0 or 1. The estimate of b has a very high asymptotic efficiency in most cases, for example at least 83% when the binomial sample size m ≤ 10; at least 90% when m ≤ 5, and it becomes perfectly asymptotically efficient as the parameter b approaches 1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics 46 (1994), S. 497-507 
    ISSN: 1572-9052
    Keywords: Bayes estimate ; empirical Bayes ; extended quasilikelihood ; generalized linear model ; relative saving loss ; shrinkage estimate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A Bayesian shrinkage estimate for the mean in the generalized linear empirical Bayes model is proposed. The posterior mean under the empirical Bayes model has a shrinkage pattern. The shrinkage factor is estimated by using a Bayesian method with the regression coefficients to be fixed at the maximum extended quasi-likelihood estimates. This approach develops a Bayesian shrinkage estimate of the mean which is numerically quite tractable. The method is illustrated with a data set, and the estimate is compared with an earlier one based on an empirical Bayes method. In a special case of the homogeneous model with exchangeable priors, the performance of the Bayesian estimate is illustrated by computer simulations. The simulation result shows as improvement of the Bayesian estimate over the empirical Bayes estimate in some situations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2015-06-04
    Description: Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in the wavelength region of 535–570 nm are still inefficient, which is known as the “green gap” problem. Light in this range causes maximum luminous sensation in the human eye and is therefore advantageous for many potential uses. Here, we demonstrate a high-brightness InGaN LED with a normal voltage in the “green gap” range based on hybrid multi-quantum wells (MQWs). A yellow-green LED device is successfully fabricated and has a dominant wavelength, light output power, luminous efficiency and forward voltage of 560 nm, 2.14 mW, 19.58 lm/W and 3.39 V, respectively. To investigate the light emitting mechanism, a comparative analysis of the hybrid MQW LED and a conventional LED is conducted. The results show a 2.4-fold enhancement of the 540-nm light output power at a 20-mA injection current by the new structure due to the stronger localization effect, and such enhancement becomes larger at longer wavelengths. Our experimental data suggest that the hybrid MQW structure can effectively push the efficient InGaN LED emission toward longer wavelengths, connecting to the lower limit of the AlGaInP LEDs’ spectral range, thus enabling completion of the LED product line covering the entire visible spectrum with sufficient luminous efficacy. Scientific Reports 5 doi: 10.1038/srep10883
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2015-08-12
    Description: We report angle dispersive X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements and Raman spectroscopy on NH 4 Br up to 70.0 GPa at room temperature. Three thermodynamically stable phases (phases II, IV, and V) are confirmed and a new possible phase (phase VI) of P 2 1 / m symmetry is proposed whose structure was established from Rietveld refinement of synchrotron XRD data for the first time. The phase sequence observed in NH 4 Br is in accordance with phase II → IV → V → VI. Phase V transforms into phase VI at about 57.8 GPa with a huge volume reduction of 30%. Still, the intramolecular distances are analyzed to better understand the nature of structures. The H–H interactions become markedly more important as the N–Br distances are compacted, which is probably the reason of the kink of symmetric stretching band ( ν 1 ) at the transition pressure.
    Print ISSN: 0021-9606
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7690
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2015-06-02
    Description: Embedding transition-metal (TM) atoms into nonmagnetic nanomaterials is an efficient way to induce magnetism. Using first-principles calculations, we systematically investigated the structural stability and magnetic properties of TM atoms from Sc to Zn embedded into silicene with single vacancy (SV) and double vacancies (DV). The binding energies for different TM atoms correlate with the TM d-shell electrons. Sc, Ti, and Co show the largest binding energies of as high as 6 eV, while Zn has the lowest binding energy of about 2 eV. The magnetic moment of silicene can be modulated by embedding TM atoms from V to Co, which mainly comes from the 3d orbitals of TM along with partly contributions from the neighboring Si atoms. Fe atom on SV and Mn atom on DV have the largest magnetic moment of more than 3 μB. In addition, we find that doping of N or C atoms on the vacancy site could greatly enhance the magnetism of the systems. Our results provide a promising approach to design silicene-based nanoelectronics and spintronics device.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2016-07-14
    Description: Functional conservation and diversification of the soybean maturity gene 〈i〉E1〈/i〉 and its homologs in legumes Scientific Reports, Published online: 13 July 2016; doi:10.1038/srep29548
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2016-07-22
    Description: Robust disturbance rejection control methodology is proposed for Euler-Lagrange systems, and parameters optimization strategy for the observer is explored. First, the observer based disturbance rejection methodology is analyzed, based on which the disturbance rejection paradigm is proposed. Thus, a disturbance observer (DOB) with partial feedback linearization and a low-pass filter is proposed for nonlinear dynamic model under relaxed restrictions of the generalized disturbance. Then, the outer-loop backstepping controller is designed for desired tracking performance. Considering that the parameters of DOB cannot be obtained directly based on Lyapunov stability analysis, parameter of DOB is optimized under standard control framework. By analyzing the influence of outer-loop controller on the inner-loop observer parameter, robust stability constraint is proposed to guarantee the robust stability of the closed-loop system. Experiment on attitude tracking of an aircraft is carried out to show the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
    Print ISSN: 1024-123X
    Electronic ISSN: 1563-5147
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2016-07-27
    Description: Langmuir DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01179
    Print ISSN: 0743-7463
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5827
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2016-08-06
    Description: Compliance mismatch between stent graft and host artery may induce complications and blood flow disorders. However, few studies have been reported on stent graft compliance. This study aims to explore the deformation and compliance of stent graft in stented and unstented zones under three pressure ranges. Compliance of two stent grafts incorporated with polyurethane graft (nitinol-PU) and polyester graft (nitinol-PET) materials respectively were tested; the stents used in the two stent grafts were identical. For the circumferential deformation of the stent grafts under each pressure range, the nitinol-PET stent graft was uniform in both zones. The nitinol-PU stent graft was circumferentially uniform in the stented zone, however, it was nonuniform in the unstented zone. The compliance of the PU graft material was 15 times higher than that of the PET graft. No significant difference in compliance was observed between stented and unstented zones of the nitinol-PET stent graft regardless of the applied pressure range. However, for the nitinol-PU stent graft, compliance of the unstented PU region was approximately twice that of the stented region; thus, compliance along the length of the nitinol-PU stent graft was not constant and different from that of the nitinol-PET stent graft.
    Electronic ISSN: 1996-1944
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2016-06-19
    Description: Article Identifying proton transfer processes in catalytic reactions is a technically challenging task. Here, the authors employ operando nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to study the reaction mechanism and intermediates of the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, and to identify the proton sources. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms11918 Authors: Xue Lu Wang, Wenqing Liu, Yan-Yan Yu, Yanhong Song, Wen Qi Fang, Daxiu Wei, Xue-Qing Gong, Ye-Feng Yao, Hua Gui Yang
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-1723
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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