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  • 1
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    Materials, Vol. 6, Pages 1391-1402: Chitosonic® Acid as a Novel Cosmetic Ingredient: Evaluation of its Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Hydration Activities (2013)
    MDPI Publishing
    In: Materials
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-03-29
    Description: Chitosonic® Acid, carboxymethyl hexanoyl chitosan, is a novel chitosan material that has recently been accepted by the Personal Care Products Council as a new cosmetic ingredient with the INCI (International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients) name Carboxymethyl Caprooyl Chitosan. In this study, we analyze several important cosmetic characteristics of Chitosonic® Acid. Our results demonstrate that Chitosonic® Acid is a water-soluble chitosan derivative with a high HLB value. Chitosonic® Acid can form a nano-network structure when its concentration is higher than 0.5% and can self-assemble into a nanosphere structure when its concentration is lower than 0.2%. Chitosonic® Acid has potent antimicrobial activities against gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria and fungus. Chitosonic® Acid also has moderate DPPH radical scavenging activity. Additionally, Chitosonic® Acid exhibits good hydration activity for absorbing and retaining water molecules with its hydrophilic groups. From a safety point of view, Chitosonic® Acid has no cytotoxicity to L-929 cells if its concentration is less than 0.5%. Moreover, Chitosonic® Acid has good compatibilities with various normal cosmetic ingredients. Therefore, we propose that Chitosonic® Acid has the potential to be a widely used ingredient in various types of cosmetic products.
    Electronic ISSN: 1996-1944
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ly-m19: The Lyb-2 region of mouse chromosome 4 controls a new surface alloantigen (1981)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 13 (1981), S. 539-546 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Spleen cells from an SJL mouse immunized with 70'/3 cells, an established pre-B cell line, were fused with cells of the nonsecretor myeloma line NS.1. One established hybridoma cell line (clone K10.6) continuously secreted antibody that recognized a new antigenic specificity tentatively named Ly-m19. This newly found antigen is detectable on both T and B cells. Cytotoxicity assays reveal that 75 percent of the spleen and lymph-node cells, 35 percent of bone-marrow cells, and 15 percent of thymus cells reacted with antibody of clone K10.6. Strains expressing the specificity Ly-m19.1 are characterized by negative reactions and include the strains AKR, CE/J, RF/J, GR/A, SJL, P/J, BDP/J, and LG/J. All other strains so far tested are Ly-m19.2. This strain distribution pattern distinguishes Ly-m19 from any known murine lymphocyte alloantigen, but it parallels the Lyb-2 c haplotype. Linkage test of a set of AKXL recombinant inbred strains revealed close linkage of Ly-m19 and Lyb-2 loci on mouse chromosome 4.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00343721
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new mouse cell-surface antigen (Ly-m20) controlled by a gene linked to Mls locus and defined by monoclonal antibodies (1981)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 14 (1981), S. 3-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Five monoclonal antibodies were established by the fusion of mouse myeloma cells (NS.1) with spleen cells from A and (A x C3H/An)F1 mice hyperimmunized with 70Z/3 tumor cells. These antibodies recognized a new antigenic specificity provisionally called Ly-m20.2. In direct cytotoxicity assays, 60 percent of cells in spleen, 40 percent in lymph node, 50 percent in bone marrow and less than 5 percent in thymus were found to react with three of the five antibodies, whereas the two others yielded somewhat lower cytotoxicity indices. The Ly-m20.2 antigen was also expressed on cells derived from liver and kidney but not on cells derived from brain. As judged from cytotoxicity assays with separated T and B cells, Ly-m20.2 antigen is carried preferentially on B lymphocytes. Direct plaque-forming cells (PFC) were completely eliminated by Ly-m20.2-specific antibody and complement. Linkage tests by analysis in 20 (CBA/J x C3H/An) x C3H/An backcross mice and by segregation analysis of BXH and SWXL recombinant inbred strains indicate close association of the loci controlling Ly-m20.2 and Mls antigens on chromosome 1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00344295
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new mouse cell-surface antigen (Ly-m18) defined by a monoclonal antibody (1981)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 13 (1981), S. 547-554 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Spleen cells from C3H/An mice immunized with spleen cells of C57BL/6-H-2 k mice were fused with myeloma cell line NS.1. One established hybrid cell line continuously secreted antibody that recognized a new surface antigen provisionally called Ly-m18. The new alloantigen is expressed on 90 percent of thymus cells, 55 percent of spleen cells, and 45 percent of either lymphnode or bone-marrow cells. It is also expressed on cells derived from brain, kidney, and liver. Fifty percent of either peripheral T or B cells express the Ly-m18 antigen, and some tumor cell lines with T, B, pre-B or stem cell characteristics are Ly-m18 (+). The strain distribution pattern distinguishes Ly-m1 8 antigen from all other murine lymphocyte alloantigens. The typing data of two sets of CXB and AKXL recombinant inbred strains indicate that the Ly-m18 gene is linked to the Ltw-2 locus which has not yet been assigned to a chromosome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00343722
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The presence of Ly-m11 alloantigen in mouse body fluids (1981)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 14 (1981), S. 445-447 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00373325
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New mouse immunoglobulin a heavy chain allotype specificities detected using the hybridoma-derived IgA of I/St Mice (1981)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 13 (1981), S. 475-481 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Immunizations of C57BL/6 and A mice with IgA derived from the I/St mouse strain yield alloantisera which detect two allotypic determinants of immunoglobulin A. The two determinants display discrete strain distributions. The first, identified by the alloantiserum C57BL/6 anti-IgA of I/St strain hybridoma ID150, follows the Igh c haplotype, and the second, identified by the alloantiserum A anti-IgA of I/St strain hybridoma ID150, correlates with Igh c and Igh c haplotypes. Absorption with monoclonal IgM, which has the same idiotype as the ID150 IgA clone, removed idiotype-specific antibodies from both alloantisera. The remaining antibodies are directed against determinants associated with the α chain constant region, as shown by absorption with monoclonal IgA. By use of recombinant inbred strains of mice and mice congenic at the Igh locus, the loci controlling both Cα allotypic determinants have been mapped to the Igh region on chromosome 12.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00343715
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrocarbons with Carbon Frameworks Represented on the Buckminsterfullerene Surface: Indeno[7,7a,1,2,3-lmno]-1,12-ethenochrysene (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 60 (1995), S. 7015-7016 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00126a064
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of Phosphonate and Thiophosphonate Esters and Amides from Hydrogen-Phosphinates by a Novel One-Pot Activation-Coupling-Oxidation Procedure (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 60 (1995), S. 7390-7391 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00128a006
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of internal energy calculation methods for diatomic molecules (1990)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 2 (1990), S. 1884-1902 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Various methods of calculating the internal energy of diatomic molecules are studied. An accurate and efficient method for computing the eigenvalues of the vibrational Schrödinger equation for an arbitrary potential is developed. The method is based on a finite-element discretization using the cubic Lobatto element. A combination of spectrum slicing and the Laguerre algorithm is used to solve for the eigenvalues. A simple method to compute the quasibound states is presented. For N2 molecules, all vibrational–rotational states of 11 available electronic potentials are computed and summed to obtain the exact internal energy function with temperature. The total computation required 314 sec of CPU time on NASA's Cray 2 computer. Various approximate models are discussed and compared with exact calculations. It is shown that the splitting of the macroscopic internal energy into separate electronic, rotational, and vibrational energies is not justified at high temperatures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.857663
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EVALUATION OF WINE QUALITY USING A SMALL-PANEL HEDONIC SCALING METHOD (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of sensory studies 12 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-459X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A hedonic scoring method for evaluating wines with a small panel was examined for reliability, effects of training level and agreement with a traditional 20-point scoring technique. The method was found to differentiate among qualities of 14 domestic Sauvignon Blanc wines with good reliability. Four panels were tested, three with a high degree of experience in wine judging and a fourth consisting of fine wine consumers with no special training. The three experienced panels agreed well about the wines’ quality scores. Mean panel scores were less highly correlated (although still positive) with the untrained panel, which showed higher variability and lower reliability. Mean scores from the hedonic method were correlated at r =+0.94 with mean scores from a 20-point quality judging procedure. The small panel hedonic method is suitable for generating quality scores for consumer guidance in large scale wine surveys, as are commonly found in popular wine periodicals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-459X.1997.tb00070.x
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