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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Occurrence of naturally regenerated and planted main crop plants in plantations in boreal Sweden
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Forest Ecology and Management 65 (1994), S. 105-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 0378-1127
    Keywords: Artificial regeneration ; Natural regeneration ; Picea ; Pinus ; Reforestation
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1127(94)90162-7
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Using pore sizes as described in soil profile descriptions to estimate infiltration rate and saturated hydraulic conductivity (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 21 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract This study tests relationships between, on the one hand, field-saturated infiltration rate into the uppermost sloping soil layer (Kfsi and field-saturated hydraulic conductivity in soil horizons (Kfsh) and, on the other hand, in situ determined macropore sizes in soil profile descriptions. It was carried out at six locations along a transect on a slope with loamy soils. The macropores were classified into representative size indices based on pore diameters (Ptd) and pore areas (Pta). A strong relationship was found between Kfsi and Pta, and between Kfsh and Ptd. The approach is promising and the methodology could be further developed with the aim of generalizing the functional relationships, so that Kfs can be estimated in areas where soil survey databases contain information on pore size abundance but lack Kfs values.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2005.tb00399.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The mutagenic effect of ^9^0Sr in barley
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis 10 (1970), S. 335-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 0027-5107
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0027-5107(70)90047-3
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Book reviews (1976)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 47 (1976), S. 207-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00278380
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of inbreeding on production of filled seed in Pinus radiata — experimental results and a model of gene action (1985)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 71 (1985), S. 334-343 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Inbreeding depression ; Pinus radiata ; Seed yield ; Breeding strategy ; Gene action
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Pinus radiata D. Don was inbred to different degrees, commencing with a founder population of 8 clones. Yield of filled seed was determined for each mating type. Mean yields (%), relative to outcrossing, were: half-sib 102; full-sib 97; S1 43; S2 42. An epistatic model was developed to predict the empty seed yield following selfing, assuming that homozygosity for several recessive co-lethals is necessary to kill an embryo. Calculations were then extended to predict the yields following different degrees of inbreeding. The proposed model gave a better fit to present results, and to other published results of similar investigations, than did an alternative based on action of independent recessive lethals. Implications for breeding and seed production strategy are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00252077
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deployment to plantations of numbers and proportions of clones with special emphasis on maximizing gain at a constant diversity (1989)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 77 (1989), S. 825-831 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Diversity ; Breeding ; Selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The value of a mixture of genetic entries present in different proportions is defined. A measure of the disadvantage of reduced diversity is defined as the sum of the squares of the proportions of the different entries. An algorithm for maximizing genetic gain of the mixture under the constraint of a constant disadvantage is developed. The optimal deployment strategy is one that lets the proportion of the genetic entries be linearly dependent on their genetic value. By use of rankits as entries for genetic values, optimal solutions for deployment were calculated for a range of values of available entries (from 10 to 5,000) and preset diversity-related disadvantage-factors (the preset values correspond to mixtures of between 2 and 100 entries in identical proportions). The values are tabulated so they can be used by breeders. The superiority of the proposed strategy increases with the proportion of the available entries which are selected. In the situation that around half would have been selected if truncation selection was applied, the improvement in genetic gain compared to classical truncation selection is up to 18%. Thus, considerable improvements in gain are possible without any sacrifice in diversity. Applications are discussed with particular reference to clonal forestry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00268334
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Combining genetic gain and diversity by considering average coancestry in clonal selection of Norway spruce (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 95 (1997), S. 1312-1319 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Picea abies ; Coancestry ; Kinship ; Diversity ; Clonal selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Genetic relationship within a population can be measured by average coancestry. This can also be expressed as an effective number which represents the relative genetic diversity of the population. The goal of breeding can be formulated to maximise genetic value minus average coancestry times a constant (the “penalty constant”). An iterative search algorithm can then be used to find the best selections for meeting this goal. Two such algorithms, one for a fixed number of selections and the other for a variable optimum number, were applied to select a mixture of field-tested Norway spruce clones with known parents. The results were compared with those from the conventional method of restricting parental contributions to the selected population as a means to control diversity. Coancestry-adjusted selection always yielded more gain than restricted selection at a given effective population size (except under circumstances where the methods were equivalent). Expressed another way, at any given level of gain, coancestry-adjusted selection maintained a larger effective population size than did restricted selection. The relative superiority of coancestry-adjusted selection declined when the effective population size approached the lowest value, that at which no penalty or restriction was applied. The method was extended by the second search algorithm to optimise the selected number of clones. The optimal number of clones can be rather large when diversity is heavily valued, but the reduction in genetic gain becomes large.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050698
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Classifying seedlots of Picea sitchensis and P. glauca in zones of introgression using restriction analysis of chloroplast DNA (1988)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 76 (1988), S. 841-845 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Picea sitchensis ; P. glauca ; P. engelmanni ; Introgression ; cpDNA restriction analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) restriction analysis was used to classify five reforestation seedlots as to species. The material included two Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.), one white spruce (P. glauca (Moench) Voss) from interior British Columbia, and two putative hybrid seedlots from the coast-interior introgression zone in British Columbia. The cpDNA patterns generated by Bam-HI and Bc1-I from individual trees of Sitka spruce, white spruce, western white spruce (P. glauca var. albertiana (S. Brown)), and Engelmann spruce (P. engelmanni (Parry)) were species-specific. They were used as reference patterns for comparisons. In addition, two controlled crosses between white and Sitka spruce were analyzed to demonstrate the paternal inheritance of cpDNA in spruces. The cpDNA restriction patterns for the five seedlots were obtained from composite samples of seedlings from each lot and compared to the typical cpDNA patterns of each species. Restriction patterns for the two Sitka spruce seedlots agreed with those from the Sitka spruce tree, while patterns for the white spruce seedlots from British Columbia agreed with those from the white spruce tree, lacking evidence of any Engelmann spruce component in the sample. On the other hand, one putative hybrid seedlot showed cpDNA patterns similar to white spruce while the other showed fragments unique to both Sitka and white spruce, indicating that this was a hybrid seedlot. The analysis of cpDNA restriction polymorphism has proven to be an effective tool for classifying seedlots in regions of introgression. To our knowledge, these results provide the first demonstration of the use of cpDNA analysis for solving practical forestry problems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00273669
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gains from the clonal and the clonal seed-orchard options compared for tree breeding programs (1985)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 71 (1985), S. 242-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Tree breeding ; Clonal forestry ; Seed-orchards ; Genetic gains
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Gains expected from clonal propagation of selections for plantation from a breeding population were compared with those expected from seed propagation via clonal seed-orchards of selections from the same breeding population. Assumptions were made about numbers of clones selected, size of the breeding population, relative sizes of additive and dominance genetic variance components and time required for various operations. Even when dominance variance is zero, considerable extra gain is obtained by the clonal option over the seed-orchard option; mostly due to the shorter time between selection in the breeding population and field planting. When dominance variance equals additive variance, the advantage of the clonal option due to time saved is approximately equal to the advantage due to genetics (i.e. use of more of the additive variance, use of non-additive variance and greater precision of selection). This means that there is a substantial gain to be made simply by getting superior genotypes into plantations more quickly via the clonal option. The gains obtainable through the use of clonal forestry may also be obtained through seed orchards, but some decades later. In no case was the seed-orchard option superior to the clonal option in terms of the gains obtained. No clonal propagation program can advance without a strong sexually-based breeding program to supply it with improved genotypes. The opportunity for improvement comes from genetic recombination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00252062
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A model integrating seed source adaptation and seed use (2000)
    Springer
    New forests 20 (2000), S. 87-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5095
    Keywords: adaptability ; seed zone ; provenance ; seed orchard ; Scots pine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A conceptual model that considers theperformance (adaptability) of a seed source (=anorigin) and the location or range of its deployment isdeveloped employing the Cauchy function. The modelassumes that there exists an optimal site type foreach provenance origin (genetic material), and thatloss in performance is a function of the “distance” (ameasure of increasing maladaptation) from the optimalsite. The model requires the estimate of threeparameters: a site requirement value that measuressite type in one dimension; a measure of optimalperformance; and a flexibility measure of the width ofseed source adaptability. The Cauchy function has aknown integral, thus the average adaptability over arange (a possible seed use zone) can be mathematicallyevaluated. The model was also extended to seed orchardcrops representing progeny of parents of variableorigins. Scots pine information in Sweden was used todemonstrate possible applications of the model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006708213824
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