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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in the lumbar spine, forearm, and mandible of nephrotic patients: A double-blind study on the high-dose, long-term effects of prednisone versus deflazacort (1992)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 50 (1992), S. 490-497 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Deflazacort-Forearm ; lumbar ; mandibular BMC-Nephrotic syndrome-Prednisone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The long-term effects of high dose steroid treatment with either prednisone (PDN) or deflazacort (DFZ) were examined on various parts of the skeleton in 29 patients with nephrotic syndrome. All had normal skeleton at the start of the steroid treatment. At the beginning, PDN was given as 80 mg/day and tapered down to 20 mg/day for 1 year and DFZ was given in an equipotent dosage. Twenty-three patients completed 6 months of treatment, and 18 patients completed 12 months of treatment. Beside laboratory parameters to ensure the effect of treatment on the nephrotic syndrome, all had measurements of the bone mineral content (BMC) at 0, 6, and 12 months of treatment. BMC was measured by single photon absorptiometry of both forearms and by dual photon absorptiometry of the mandible, forearms, and lumbar spine. The effect of DFZ was compared to that of PDN due to a potential “calcium sparing” effect of DFZ. The therapeutical effects on the nephrotic syndrome were not different between the two drugs. Urinary 24-hour protein decreased from 9.9 to 1.1 g in the DFZ-treated patients and from 8.0 to 1.4 g in the PDN-treated patients. Plasma albumin concentration normalized in both groups. Both groups of steroid-treated patients had a significant reduction of the BMC levels in all parts of the skeleton. However, the bone decay rates per month were significantly different between different bone regions and between different drug regimes. In the forearm, the bone decay rate was 5.3%/year in the PDN group and 2.0%/year in the DFZ group (P〈0.001). In the mandible, decay rate was 7.0%/year in both groups, and in the lumbar spine it was 12.5%/year in the PDN group and 6.8%/year in the DFZ group (P〈0.01). Thus, the bone loss in the PDN-treated group was significantly higher than that of the DFZ-treated patients, despite a similar therapeutical effect on the nephrotic syndrome. Therefore, the detrimental effect of long-term steroid treatment on the skeleton may not be abolished, but can be reduced significantly by using deflazacort instead of prednisone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00582160
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of rivers on marine boron isotopes and implications for reconstructing past ocean pH (2000)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 408 (2000), S. 951-954 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Ocean pH is particularly sensitive to atmospheric carbon dioxide content. Records of ocean pH can therefore be used to estimate past atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. The isotopic composition of boron (δ11B) contained in the carbonate shells of marine ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35050058
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stochastic melting of the marble cake mantle: evidence from local study of the East Pacific Rise at 12^o50'N
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Earth and Planetary Science Letters 92 (1989), S. 189-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 0012-821X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0012-821X(89)90046-0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Erosion sources determined by inversion of major and trace element ratios and strontium isotopic ratios in river: The Congo Basin case
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Earth and Planetary Science Letters 120 (1993), S. 59-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 0012-821X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0012-821X(93)90023-3
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical structure and history of the Earth: evidence from global non-linear inversion of isotopic data in a three-box model
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Earth and Planetary Science Letters 96 (1989), S. 61-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 0012-821X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0012-821X(89)90124-6
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variability of trace elements in basaltic suites
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Earth and Planetary Science Letters 119 (1993), S. 37-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 0012-821X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0012-821X(93)90005-T
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation of renal calbindin-D28K: The role of calcitonin (1995)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 56 (1995), S. 372-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Calcitonin ; Calcium ; Renal calbindin-D28k ; Intestinal calbindin-D9k ; 1,25(OH)2D3
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Infusion of calcitonin lowers circulating calcium, but in the distal tubule of the kidney, pharmacological doses of calcitonin increase the active calcium reabsorption. Calbindin-D28k plays a significant role in the calcium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule of the kidney. The effect of calcitonin on renal calbindin-D28k in relation to calcium metabolic changes was therefore examined. In study 1, thyroparathyroidectomy followed by autotransplantation of the parathyroid glands (TX) was compared with a sham operation in rats. TX reduced plasma calcitonin from 54±2 to 9±1 pg/ml (P〈0.001), whereas ionized calcium and parathyroid hormone were returned to the control value after an initial decrease, indicating a successful implantation of the parathyroid glands. No changes were seen in calbindin-D or plasma 1,25(OH)2D. In study 2, subcutaneous infusion of salmon calcitonin 2.5 U/kg/hour via osmotic pumps was compared with infusion of vehicle in rats. Ionized calcium was reduced from 1.37±0.01 to 1.33±0.02 mmol/liter (P〈0.05), whereas no changes were seen in renal or intestinal calbindin-D or in plasma 1,25(OH)2D. After TX, only calcitonin decreased whereas the other calcium metabolic parameters showed no change. This indicates that in rats, selective elimination of calcitonin does not influence other parameters of the calcium metabolism and that the effect of calcitonin on calcium transport in the distal tubule is not mediated via an increase in renal calbindin-D28k.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00301605
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry in Small Rats with Low Bone Mineral Density (2000)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 67 (2000), S. 455-459 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Small rats — Bone mineral density — Bone mineral content — Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry — Methodological evaluation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The feasibility of dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) using the Norland XR-26 Mark II bone densitometer for measurements of bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) in small rats was evaluated. Thirty-two young, isogenic, Lewis rats (weights from 119 g to 227 g) were used; normal rats (n = 7) and rats with low BMD obtained from three different vitamin D-depleted models (n = 25). DXA measurements were performed using the special software for small animals. Duplicate scans of excised femurs performed at 2 mm/second (pixel size of 0.5 mm × 0.5 mm) were very precise measurements with a coefficient of variation (CV) below 1.6% in animals with normal BMD; in rats with low BMD, the CV was significantly higher (P= 0.02–0.04), 7.8% and 4.4% for BMC and BMD, respectively. Regression analysis demonstrated that these measurements were related to the ash weight (R2 〉 98.6%). The CV for measurements of the lumbar spine at 10 mm/second (pixel size 0.5 mm × 0.5 mm) was 2.6% and 2.2% for BMC and BMD, respectively in rats with normal BMD, and again higher (P= 0.03–0.14) in rats with low BMD, 7.3% and 4.7%, respectively, for BMC and BMD. Even though low CVs were obtained for total body duplicate scans (scan speed of 20 mm/second and a pixel size of 1.5 mm × 1.5 mm), the measurements were problematic for accuracy because of an overestimation of both BMC and the area of bone. Using these scan parameters the measurements of total body bone mineral could not be recommended in small rats with low BMD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002230001176
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The in vivo effect of a new, in vitro, extremely potent vitamin D3 analog KH1060 on the suppression of renal allograft rejection in the rat (1994)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 54 (1994), S. 150-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Vitamin D analog ; KH1060 ; Kidney transplantation ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract KH1060 is a new 20-epi-vitamin D3 analog, which has exerted a considerable immunosuppressive potency in vitro. We have tested in vivo the effect of KH1060 on the suppression of renal allograft rejection in the rat. Allogenic kidney transplantation from DA donor rats to Lewis recipient rats treated intraperitoneally with KH1060 in doses from 0.2 to 6 μg/kg/day, or saline (placebo group), or CyA 10 mg/kg/day for 10 days (positive control group), was performed. Median graft survival time in KH1060-treated groups was 7–9 days, in the placebo group 6 days, whereas CyA led to long-term graft survival, 34 days in 50% of rats and 〉100 days in 50% of rats. In vivo, KH1060 failed to prolong renal allograft survival considerably, and led to development of hypercalcemia. Our results stress the existence of a large discrepancy between the in vitro and in vivo immunoregulatory effects of this vitamin D analog.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296066
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Vitamin D Metabolites and Analogs on Renal and Intestinal Calbindin-D in the Rat (1996)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 59 (1996), S. 371-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: 1,25-(OH)2D3— 24,25-(OH)2D3— Vitamin D3 analogs — Renal calbindin-D28k — Intestinal calbindin-D9k — Calcium.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The effects on renal and intestinal calbindin-D of vitamin D3 metabolites and synthetic 20-epi-vitamin D3 analogs with different calcemic actions were examined in Wistar rats. The compounds were administered intraperitoneally once daily for 5 days. The dosages of the metabolites were 1,25-(OH)2D3 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.4 μg/kg × d, 24,25-(OH)2D3 0.1, 1 and 10 μg/kg × d, and 25-(OH)D3 10 and 400 μg/kg × d. The dosage of the synthetic analogs were MC903 0.1, 10, and 100 μg/kg × d, EB1213 0.1 and 10 μg/kg × d, KH1060 0.1 and 0.4 μg/kg × d, and GS1725 0.01 and 0.1 μg/kg × d. Two control groups had either vehicle alone or no treatment. N= 8 in each group. 1,25-(OH)2D3 increased renal and intestinal calbindin-D levels, induced hypercalcemia, and suppressed plasma PTH and magnesium concentrations. 24,25-(OH)2D3 increased intestinal calbindin-D9k and plasma calcium, but had no effect on renal calbindin-D28k, plasma PTH, and magnesium. The dosage of 24,25-(OH)2D3 that was required to increase plasma calcium was larger than the dosage required to increase intestinal calbindin-D9k. 25-(OH)D3 did not change the calcium metabolic parameters. MC903, a low calcemic analog with a relative high affinity for the vitamin D receptor and a short half-life, increased renal calbindin-D28k without increasing ionized calcium or intestinal calbindin-D9k. EB1213, an analog with a reduced calcemic action and short half-life, increased renal calbindin-D28k and ionized calcium without increasing intestinal calbindin-D9k. The effect of the high calcemic vitamin D analogs KH1060 and GS1725 on calbindin-D was directly related to their calcemic activity. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that 24,25-(OH)2D3 increases intestinal calbindin-D9k, but has no effect on renal calbindin-D28k, that low calcemic analogs may increase renal calbindin-D28k without increasing intestinal calbindin-D9k, and that the effect of high calcemic analogs on calbindin-D is directly related to their calcemic activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900142
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