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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Foliar absorption and translocation of nicosulfuron and rimsulfuron in five annual weed species (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Weed research 35 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Ambrosia artemisüfolia L. (common ragweed) and Digitaria ischaemum Schreb. (smooth crabgrass) are not controlled by nicosulfuron and rimsulfuron at the highest recommended application rates, whereas Panicum miliaceum L. (wild proso millet), Amaranthus retroflexus L. (redroot pigweed) and Avena fatua L. (wild oat) are susceptible. The foliar absorption and translocation of 14C-nicosulfuron and 14C-rimsulf uron were studied in these weed species up to 48 h after treatment (HAT). Differences in herbicide uptake and translocation were not correlated with the species susceptibility. By 48 HAT, more than 50% of both herbicides remained on the treated leaf surface. Foliar absorption of rimsulfuron was greater than that of nicosulfuron in A. retroflexus, P. miliaceum and A. artemisüfolia. Most of the absorbed herbicide remained in the treated leaf of each weed species. Export of 14C–nicosulfuron ranged from 28 to 54% of that absorbed, in contrast to 15 to 39% for 14C–rimsulfuron. The absorption and translocation rates of both herbicides were highest within the initial 6 HAT, and decreased thereafter. Both herbicides showed approximately the same distribution pattern within each weed species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180.1995.tb01633.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A flexible sigmoidal model relating crop yield to weed relative leaf cover and its comparison with nested models (1999)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Weed research 39 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A flexible sigmoidal model relating crop yield to relative leaf cover of weed was derived. The model was shown to embody a hyperbolic, a symmetric sigmoidal and an asymmetric logistic model as special cases. Data from field experiments conducted in 1996 and 1997 on maize in competition with various weed infestation conditions were used to validate the model. A high accuracy was observed for yield description, and the four parameters of the model were estimated easily using a non-linear regression procedure. When compared with other (nested and restricted) models, a better fit of the data was obtained than with the symmetric sigmoidal and the asymmetric logistic models. Rejection of the null hypothesis of hyperbolic yield response was observed in only 1 out of 16 cases, meaning that both the hyperbolic and the flexible sigmoidal models have comparable yield-descriptive capacities. The increased complexity because of the extra (fourth) parameter in the flexible sigmoidal model may favour the use of the hyperbolic model by most investigators. Failure of the sigmoidal model to outperform the hyperbolic model was primarily due to the weak sigmoidal yield response (sigmoidal response parameter δ close to unity) and the relatively small sample sizes. However, when the model is to be embedded in a decision-support computer program, larger sample sizes are required and the flexible sigmoidal model may be more appropriate in such situations. The high flexibility of the model may allow the detection of special cases, and thus minimize the risk of a wrong decision.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3180.1999.00150.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selection of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) varieties resistant to the parasitic weed Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Weed research 31 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Pot and field experiments were performed in Burkina Faso in 1987 and 1988 to evaluate the resistance of selected ‘low-stimulant’ sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) varieties to the parasitic weed (Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth. In a pot experiment, the variety IS-7777 supported the lowest number and had the latest emergence of Striga, compared with the other varieties tested. The varieties IS-14825, IS-6961, IS-7739, IS-14928 and IS-14975 also had signifi cantly lower numbers of emerged Striga per pot than the resistant control Framida. The resist ance of IS-7777 was confirmed in field experi ments, as was that of IS-7739, IS-6961 and IS-14928. However, the yield potential of these poorly adapted varieties was low in Striga-infested fields. The varieties IS-14975, IS–14825 and Seguetana Niarabougou exhibited a low susceptibility associated with a grain yield equivalent to that of the other varieties in farm fields infested by Striga. As Seguetana is already grown by Sahelian farmers, its use could be recommended in the absence of resistant varieties adapted to Sahelian agroclimatic conditions. The exceptionally high level of restance exhibited by IS-7777 could be exploited in studies on the genetics and mechanisms of resistance of the host plant to the parasite, as well as in sorghum improvement programmes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180.1991.tb01761.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of benzoic and cinnamic acids on growth, mineral composition, and chlorophyll content of soybean (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 20 (1994), S. 2821-2833 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Allelochemical benzoic acid ; trans-cinnamic acid ; mineral uptake ; quackgrass ; Elytrigia repens ; root morphology ; soybean ; Glycine max
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Organic acids are major water-soluble allelochemicals found in soil infested with quackgrass and are involved in several processes that are important in plant growth and development. This study was carried out to gain more information on the effects of benzoic acid (BEN) andtrans-cinnamic acid (CIN) on growth, mineral composition, and chlorophyll content of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Maple Bell] grown in nutrient solution. The two allelochemicals reduced root and shoot dry biomass of soybean. Treated plants had fewer lateral roots and tended to grow more horizontally compared to the untreated plants. Lateral roots were stunted and less flexible. The amounts of P, K, Mg, Mn, Cl−, and SO 4 2− were lower, and Zn and Fe contents were higher in roots of plants grown with BEN or CIN as compared to untreated plants. Shoots of plants grown with the allelochemical showed greater accumulation of Ca, Mg, and Zn, whereas P and Fe contents were reduced. The BEN and CIN also caused reductions in leaf chlorophyll content. The BEN and CIN may be responsible for negative allelopathic effects of quackgrass on soybean by inhibiting root growth, by altering ion uptake and transport, and by reducing chlorophyll content.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02098391
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of benzoic and cinnamic acids on membrane permeability of soybean roots (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 21 (1995), S. 1271-1285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Allelochemicals ; lipid peroxidation ; sulfhydryl groups ; leakage ; plasma membrane ; superoxide dismutase ; catalase ; peroxidase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Benzoic (BEN) and cinnamic (CIN) acids are commonly found in soils and are considered as strong allelochemicals. Published information suggest that BEN and CIN and other phenolic acids decrease plant growth in part by suppressing nutrient absorption. However, studies on the mechanism of action were not conclusive. We examined the effects of BEN and CIN on the cell plasma membrane in intact soybean (Glycine max L. cv. Maple Bell) seedlings. Treating intact root systems with BEN or CIN rapidly increased electrolyte leakage and ultraviolet absorption of materials into the surrounding solution. After 12 hr of treatment, BEN and CIN lowered the extracellular sulfhydryl group content in roots. The two allelochemicals induced lipid peroxidation, which resulted from free radical formation in plasma membranes, inhibition of catalase and peroxidase activities, and sulfhydryl group depletion. Oxidation or cross-linking of plasma membrane sulfhydryl groups is the first mode of action of both compounds. The BEN- and CIN-induced decrease in soybean nutrient absorption may be a consequence of damage to cell membrane integrity caused by a decrease in sulfhydryl groups followed by lipid peroxidation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02027561
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Population structure, genetic diversity and host specificity of the parasitic weedStriga hermonthica (Scrophulariaceae) in Sahel (1998)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 209 (1998), S. 33-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Scrophulariaceae ; Striga hermonthica ; Parasitic plants ; enzyme electrophoresis ; population structure ; genetic diversity ; host specificity ; control methods ; Sahel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Seed proteins of individual plants from 14 populations ofStriga hermonthica growing on sorghum, millet, maize and wild grasses in Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger were studied using gel electrophoresis in order to assess the population structure and genetic diversity of the parasitic weed. The relative intensity of the different bands within a pattern was used to depict the genotypic constitution of each sample. Genotypic frequencies conformed to Hardy-Weinberg expectations in 13 populations out of 14 for the two loci that were interpreted. Heterozygote deficiencies could be the result of the Wahlund effect. The genetic divergence between populations appears to be low for bothAdh andGot loci. Thus, the physiological specialization for a particular host could be a recent phenomenon. A low host specificity ofS. hermonthica populations could affect the efficiency of introducing new resistant cultivars as a control measure against the parasitic weed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00991522
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  • 7
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    Influence of Date and Method of Metribuzin Application for Quackgrass Control in Alfalfa 1 (1983)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0002-1962
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-0645
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Wiley
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