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  • 1
    Keywords: Atmospheric science. ; Measurement. ; Measuring instruments. ; Geographic information systems. ; Lasers. ; Outer space Exploration. ; Astronautics. ; Atmospheric Science. ; Measurement Science and Instrumentation. ; Geographical Information System. ; Laser. ; Space Exploration and Astronautics.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. Rotational Raman scattering through narrow-band interference filters: investigating uncertainties using a new Rayleigh scattering code developed within ACTRIS -- Chapter 2. Performance of Low-Cost, Diode-Based HSRL System with Simplified Optical Setup -- Chapter 3. Sensitivity Study on the Performance of the Single Calculus Chain Aerosol Layering Module -- Chapter 4. Particle Complex Refractive Index From 3+2 HSRL/Raman Lidar Measurements: Conditions of Accurate Retrieval, Uncertainties and Constraints Provided by Information About RH -- Chapter 5. Field Testing of a Diode-Laser-Based Micro Pulse Differential Absorption Lidar System to Measure Atmospheric Thermodynamic Variables -- Chapter 6. SEMICONDUCTOR LIDAR FOR QUANTITATIVE ATMOSPHERIC PROFILING -- Chapter 7. Atomic Barium Vapor Filter for Ultraviolet High Spectral Resolution Lidar -- Chapter 8. Future Lidars for Cutting-Edge Sciences in Ionosphere-Thermosphere-Mesosphere-Stratosphere Physics and Space-Atmosphere Coupling -- Chapter 9. Polarization Lidar for Monitoring Dust Particle Orientation: First Measurements -- Chapter 10. Dust flow distribution measurement by low coherence Doppler lidar -- Chapter 11. A Multi-wavelength LED lidar for near ground atmospheric monitoring -- Chapter 12. Development of low-cost high-spectral-resolution lidar using compact multimode laser for air quality measurement -- Chapter 13. Deep Learning Based Convective Boundary Layer Determination for Aerosol and Wind Profiles observed by Wind Lidar -- Chapter 14. LITES: Laboratory Investigations of Atmospheric Aerosol Composition by Raman-Scattering and Fluorescence Spectra -- Chapter 15. Performance Simulation of a Raman Lidar for the Retrieval of CO2 Atmospheric Profiles -- Chapter 16. ALL FIBER FREE-RUNNING DUAL-COMB RANGING SYSTEM -- Chapter 17. gPCE Uncertainty Quantication Modeling of LiDAR for Bathymetric and Earth Science Applications -- Chapter 18. When can Poisson random variables be approximated as Gaussian? -- Chapter 19. Enhancing the Performance of the MicroPulse DIAL through Poisson Total Variation Signal Processing -- Chapter 20. Development of Micro Pulse Lidar Network (MPLNET) Level 3 Satellite Validation Products in Advance of the EarthCARE Mission -- Chapter 21. 3D Point Cloud Classification using Drone-based Scanning LIDAR and Signal Diversity -- Chapter 22. Design and Validation of an Elastic Lidar Simulator for Testing Potential New Systems for Aerosol Typing -- Chapter 23. Performance of Pulsed Wind Lidar Based on Optical Hybrid -- Chapter 24. Demonstrating Capabilities of Multiple-Beam Airborne Doppler Lidar Using a LES-based Simulator -- Chapter 25. All-Solid State Iron Resonance Lidar for Measurement of Temperature and Winds in the Upper Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere -- Chapter 26. Improved Remote Operation Capabilities for the NASA GSFC Tropospheric Ozone Lidar for Routine Ozone Profiling for Satellite Evaluation -- Chapter 27. A wind, temperature, H2O and CO2 scanning lidar mobile observatory for a 3D thermodynamic view of the atmosphere -- Chapter 28. Low-Cost and Lightweight Hyperspectral Lidar for Mapping Vegetation Fluorescence -- Chapter 29. SO2 Plumes Observation with LMOL: Theory, Modeling, and Validation -- Chapter 30. Possible Use of Iodine Absorption/Fluorescence Cell in High-Spectral-Resolution Lidar -- Chapter 31. Ten Years of Interdisciplinary Lidar Applications at SCNU, Guangzhou -- Chapter 32. Feasibility studies of the dual-polarization imaging lidar based on the division-of-focal-plane scheme for atmospheric remote sensing -- Chapter 33. An Algorithm to Retrieve Aerosol Optical Properties from ATLID and MSI Measurements -- Chapter 34. Observation of Polar Stratospheric Clouds at Dome C, Antarctica -- Chapter 35. Laboratory Evaluation of the Lidar Particle Depolarization Ratio (PDR) of Sulfates, Soot, and Mineral Dust at 180.0° Lidar Backscattering Angle -- Chapter 36. Fresh biomass burning aerosol observed in Potenza with multiwavelength Raman Lidar and sun-photometer -- Chapter 37. Aerosol Studies with Spectrometric Fluorescence and Raman Lidar -- Chapter 38. Continuous Observations of Aerosol-Weather Relationship from a Horizontal Lidar to Simulate Monitoring of Radioactive Dust in Fukashima, Japan -- Chapter 39. Statistical Simulation of Laser Pulse Propagation through Cirrus-cloudy Atmosphere -- Chapter 40. Aerosol Spatial Distribution Observed by a Mobile Vehicle Lidar with Optics for Near Range Detection -- Chapter 41. Cloud Base Height Correlation between a Co-located Micro-Pulse Lidar and a Lufft CHM15k Ceilometer -- Chapter 42. Comparison of Local and Transregional Atmospheric Particles Over the Urmia Lake in Northwest Iran, Using a Polarization Lidar Recordings -- Chapter 43. Properties of Polar Stratospheric Clouds over the European Arctic from Ground-Based Lidar -- Chapter 44. Two decades analysis of cirrus cloud radiative effects by lidar observations in the frame of NASA MPLNET lidar network -- Chapter 45. Temporal Variability of the Aerosol Properties Using a Cimel Sun/Lunar Photometer over Thessaloniki, Greece: Synergy With the Upgraded THELISYS Lidar System -- Chapter 46. Long-Term Changes of Optical Properties of Mineral Dust and Its Mixtures Derived from Raman Polariza-tion Water Vapor Lidar in Central Europe -- Chapter 47. Planetary Boundary Layer Height Measurements Using MicroPulse DIAL -- Chapter 48. Performance Modeling of a Diode-Laser-Based Direct Detection Doppler Lidar -- Chapter 49. Observation of Water Vapor Profiles by Raman Lidar with 266 nm laser in Tokyo -- Chapter 50. A 355-NM DIRECT-DETECTION DOPPLER WIND LIDAR FOR VERTICAL ATMOSPHERIC MOTION -- Chapter 51. Aircraft Wake Vortex Recognition and Classification Based on Coherent Doppler Lidar and Convolutional Neural Networks -- Chapter 52. MicroPulse Differential Absorption Lidar for Temperature Retrieval in the Lower Troposphere -- Chapter 53. Long Term Calibration of a Pure Rotational Raman Lidar for Temperature Measurements Using Radiosondes and Solar Background -- Chapter 54. Powerful Raman-Lidar for water vapor in the free troposphere and lower stratosphere as well as temperature in the stratosphere and mesosphere -- Chapter 55. Observation of Rainfall Velocity and Raindrop Size Using Power Spectrum of Coherent Doppler Lidar -- Chapter 56. Comparison of Lower Tropospheric Water Vapor Vertical Distribution Measured with Raman lidar and DIAL and Their Impact of Data Assimilation in Numerical Weather Prediction Model -- Chapter 57. Temperature Variations in the Middle Atmosphere Studied with Rayleigh Lidar at Haikou (19.9°N, 110.3°E) -- Chapter 58. Convective boundary layer sensible and latent heat flux lidar observations and towards new model parametrizations -- Chapter 59. Observation of Structure of Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer by Ceilometer over the Kuroshio Current.-Chapter 60. ABL Height Different Estimation by Lidar in the Frame of HyMeX SOP1 Campaign -- Chapter 61. Temporal Evolution of Wavelength and Orientation of Atmospheric Canopy Waves -- Chapter 62. Assessment of Planetary Boundary Layer Height Variations over a Mountain Region in Western Himalayas -- Chapter 63. Analysis of Updraft Characteristics from an Airborne Micro-Pulsed Doppler Lidar During FIREX-AQ -- Chapter 64. Diurnal Variability of MLH and Ozone in NYC Urban and Coastal Area from an Integrated Observation during LISTOS 2018 -- Chapter 65. Boundary Layer Dynamics, Aerosol Composition, and Air Quality in the Urban Background of Stuttgart in Winter -- Chapter 66. DIAL Ozone Measurement Capability Added to NASA’s HSRL-2 Instrument Demonstrates Troposheric Ozone Variability Over Houston Area -- Chapter 67. Trajectory Analysis of CO2 Concentration Increase Events in the Nocturnal Atmospheric Boundary Layer Observed by the Differential Absorption Lidar -- Chapter 68. Efficiency Assessment of Single Cell Raman Gas Mixture for DIAL Ozone Lidar -- Chapter 69. COmpact RamaN lidar for Atmospheric CO2 and ThERmodyNamic ProfilING - CONCERNING -- Chapter 70. Characterization of Recent Aerosol Events Occurring in the Subtropical North Atlantic Region Using a CIMEL CE376 GPN Micro-LiDAR -- Chapter 71. Tropospheric Ozone Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) Development at New York City -- Chapter 72. Accounting for the polarizing effects introduced from non ideal quarter-wave plates in lidar measurements of the circular depolarization ratio -- Chapter 73. Investigating the geometrical and optical properties of the persistent stratospheric aerosol layer observed over Thessaloniki, Greece during 2019 -- Chapter 74. New Lidar Data Processing Techniques for Improving the Detection Range and Accuracy of Atmospheric Gravity Wave Measurements -- Chapter 75. Extending the Useful Range of Fluorescence LIDAR Data by Applying the Layered Binning Technique -- Chapter 76. Interaction between sea wave and surface atmosphere by shallow angle LED lidar -- Chapter 77. First results of the COLOR (CDOM-proxy retrieval from aeOLus ObseRvations) project -- Chapter 78. Dual wavelength heterodyne LDA for velocity and size distribution measurements in ocean water flows -- Chapter 79. Mitigation Strategy for the Impact of Low Energy Laser Pulses in CALIOP Calibration and Level 2 Retrievals -- Chapter 80. Introducing the Cloud Aerosol Lidar for Global Scale Observations of the Ocean-Land-Atmosphere System – CALIGOLA -- Chapter 81. An Overview of the NASA Atmosphere Observing System Inclined Mission (AOS-I) and the Role of Backscatter Lidar -- Chapter 82. Proposal for the Space-borne Integrated Path Differential Absorption (IPDA) Lidar for Lower Tropospheric Water Vapor Observations -- Chapter 83. Assimilation of Aerosol Observations from the Future Spaceborne Lidar Onboard the AOS Mission into the MOCAGE Chemistry-Transport Model -- Chapter 84. Aerosol Optical Properties over Western Himalayas Region by Raman Lidar during the December 2019 Annular Solar Eclipse -- Chapte.
    Abstract: This volume presents papers from the biennial International Laser Radar Conference (ILRC), the world’s leading event in the field of atmospheric research using lidar. With growing environmental concerns to address such as air quality deterioration, stratospheric ozone depletion, extreme weather events, and changing climate, the lidar technique has never been as critical as it is today to monitor, alert, and help solve current and emerging problems of this century. The 30th occurrence of the ILRC unveils many of the newest results and discoveries in atmospheric science and laser remote sensing technology. The 30th ILRC conference program included all contemporary ILRC themes, leveraging on both the past events’ legacy and the latest advances in lidar technologies and scientific discoveries, with participation by young scientists particularly encouraged. This proceedings volume includes a compilation of cutting-edge research on the following themes: new lidar techniques and methodologies; measurement of clouds and aerosol properties; atmospheric temperature, wind, turbulence, and waves; atmospheric boundary layer processes and their role in air quality and climate; greenhouse gases, tracers, and transport in the free troposphere and above; the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere; synergistic use of multiple instruments and techniques, networks and campaigns; model validation and data assimilation using lidar measurements; space-borne lidar missions, instruments and science; ocean lidar instrumentation, techniques, and retrievals; and past, present and future synergy of heterodyne and direct detection lidar applications. In addition, special sessions celebrated 50 years of lidar atmospheric observations since the first ILRC, comprising review talks followed by a plenary discussion on anticipated future directions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXIV, 892 p. 374 illus., 352 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    ISBN: 9783031378188
    Series Statement: Springer Atmospheric Sciences,
    DDC: 551.5
    Language: English
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-04
    Description: Throughout spring and summer 2020, ozone stations in the northern extratropics recorded unusually low ozone in the free troposphere. From April to August, and from 1 to 8 kilometers altitude, ozone was on average 7% (≈4 nmol/mol) below the 2000 to 2020 climatological mean. Such low ozone, over several months, and at so many stations, has not been observed in any previous year since at least 2000. Atmospheric composition analyses from the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service and simulations from the NASA GMI model indicate that the large 2020 springtime ozone depletion in the Arctic stratosphere contributed less than one quarter of the observed tropospheric anomaly. The observed anomaly is consistent with recent chemistry-climate model simulations, which assume emissions reductions similar to those caused by the COVID-19 crisis. COVID-19 related emissions reductions appear to be the major cause for the observed reduced free tropospheric ozone in 2020.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-21
    Description: Throughout spring and summer 2020, ozone stations in the northern extratropics recorded unusually low ozone in the free troposphere. From April to August, and from 1 to 8 kilometers altitude, ozone was on average 7% (≈4 nmol/mol) below the 2000–2020 climatological mean. Such low ozone, over several months, and at so many stations, has not been observed in any previous year since at least 2000. Atmospheric composition analyses from the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service and simulations from the NASA GMI model indicate that the large 2020 springtime ozone depletion in the Arctic stratosphere contributed less than one‐quarter of the observed tropospheric anomaly. The observed anomaly is consistent with recent chemistry‐climate model simulations, which assume emissions reductions similar to those caused by the COVID‐19 crisis. COVID‐19 related emissions reductions appear to be the major cause for the observed reduced free tropospheric ozone in 2020.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: Worldwide actions to contain the COVID‐19 virus have closed factories, grounded airplanes, and have generally reduced travel and transportation. Less fuel was burnt, and less exhaust was emitted into the atmosphere. Due to these measures, the concentration of nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) decreased in the atmosphere. These substances are important for photochemical production and destruction of ozone in the atmosphere. In clean or mildly polluted air, reducing nitrogen oxides and/or VOCs will reduce the photochemical production of ozone and result in less ozone. In heavily polluted air, in contrast, reducing nitrogen oxides can increase ozone concentrations, because less nitrogen oxide is available to destroy ozone. In this study, we use data from three types of ozone instruments, but mostly from ozonesondes on weather balloons. The sondes fly from the ground up to 30 kilometers altitude. In the first 8 km, we find significantly reduced ozone concentrations in the northern extratropics during spring and summer of 2020, less than in any other year since at least 2000. We suggest that reduced emissions due to the COVID‐19 crisis have lowered photochemical ozone production and have caused the observed ozone reductions in the troposphere.
    Description: Key Points: In spring and summer 2020, stations in the northern extratropics report on average 7% (4 nmol/mol) less tropospheric ozone than normal Such low tropospheric ozone, over several months, and at so many sites, has not been observed in any previous year since at least 2000 Most of the reduction in tropospheric ozone in 2020 is likely due to emissions reductions related to the COVID‐19 pandemic
    Description: NASA | Earth Sciences Division (NASA Earth Science Division) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100014573
    Description: Gouvernement du Canada | Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000038
    Description: Australian Research Council
    Description: Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique ‐ FNRS (FNRS) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002661
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie (BMWi) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100006360
    Description: NASA | Earth Sciences Division (NASA Earth Science Division) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100014573
    Keywords: 551.51 ; COVID‐19 ; emissions ; ozone ; troposphere
    Type: article
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    Publication Date: 2020-03-05
    Description: The ozone profile records of a large number of limb and occultation satellite instruments are widely used to address several key questions in ozone research. Further progress in some domains depends on a more detailed understanding of these data sets, especially of their long-term stability and their mutual consistency. To this end, we made a systematic assessment of 14 limb and occultation sounders that, together, provide more than three decades of global ozone profile measurements. In particular, we considered the latest operational Level-2 records by SAGE II, SAGE III, HALOE, UARS MLS, Aura MLS, POAM II, POAM III, OSIRIS, SMR, GOMOS, MIPAS, SCIAMACHY, ACE-FTS and MAESTRO. Central to our work is a consistent and robust analysis of the comparisons against the ground-based ozonesonde and stratospheric ozone lidar networks. It allowed us to investigate, from the troposphere up to the stratopause, the following main aspects of satellite data quality: long-term stability, overall bias and short-term variability, together with their dependence on geophysical parameters and profile representation. In addition, it permitted us to quantify the overall consistency between the ozone profilers. Generally, we found that between 20 and 40 km the satellite ozone measurement biases are smaller than ±5 %, the short-term variabilities are less than 5–12 % and the drifts are at most ±5 %  per decade (or even ±3 % per  decade for a few records). The agreement with ground-based data degrades somewhat towards the stratopause and especially towards the tropopause where natural variability and low ozone abundances impede a more precise analysis. In part of the stratosphere a few records deviate from the preceding general conclusions; we identified biases of 10 % and more (POAM II and SCIAMACHY), markedly higher single-profile variability (SMR and SCIAMACHY) and significant long-term drifts (SCIAMACHY, OSIRIS, HALOE and possibly GOMOS and SMR as well). Furthermore, we reflected on the repercussions of our findings for the construction, analysis and interpretation of merged data records. Most notably, the discrepancies between several recent ozone profile trend assessments can be mostly explained by instrumental drift. This clearly demonstrates the need for systematic comprehensive multi-instrument comparison analyses.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: The use of assimilation tools for satellite validation requires true estimates of the accuracy of the reference data. Since its inception, the Network for Detection of Stratospheric Change (NDSC) has provided systematic lidar measurements of ozone and temperature at several places around the world that are well adapted for satellite validations. Regular exercises have been organised to ensure the data quality at each individual site. These exercises can be separated into three categories: large scale intercomparisons using multiple instruments, including a mobile lidar; using satellite observations as a geographic transfer standards to compare measurements at different sites; and comparative investigations of the analysis software. NDSC is a research network, so each system has its own history, design, and analysis, and has participated differently in validation campaigns. There are still some technological differences that may explain different accuracies. However, the comparison campaigns performed over the last decade have always proved to be very helpful in improving the measurements. To date, more efforts have been devoted to characterising ozone measurements than to temperature observations. The synthesis of the published works shows that the network can potentially be considered as homogeneous within +/-2% between 20-35 km for ozone and +/-1 K between 35-60 km for temperature. Outside this altitude range, larger biases are reported and more efforts are required. In the lower stratosphere, Raman channels seem to improve comparisons but such capabilities were not systematically compared. At the top of the profiles, more investigations on analysis methodologies are still probably needed. SAGE II and GOMOS appear to be excellent tools for future ozone lidar validations but need to be better coordinated and take more advantage of assimilation tools. Also, temperature validations face major difficulties caused by atmospheric tides and therefore require intercomparisons with the mobile systems, at all sites.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Publication Date: 2020-03-05
    Description: We validate the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) ozone-profile (PROFOZ) product from October 2004 through December 2014 retrieved by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO) algorithm against ozonesonde observations. We also evaluate the effects of OMI Row anomaly (RA) on the retrieval by dividing the data set into before and after the occurrence of serious OMI RA, i.e., pre-RA (2004–2008) and post-RA (2009–2014). The retrieval shows good agreement with ozonesondes in the tropics and mid-latitudes and for pressure 〈 ~ 50 hPa in the high latitudes. It demonstrates clear improvement over the a priori down to the lower troposphere in the tropics and down to an average of ~ 550 (300) hPa at middle (high latitudes). In the tropics and mid-latitudes, the profile mean biases (MBs) are less than 6 %, and the standard deviations (SDs) range from 5–10 % for pressure 〈 ~ 50 hPa to less than 18 % (27 %) in the tropics (mid-latitudes) for pressure 〉 ~ 50 hPa after applying OMI averaging kernels to ozonesonde data. The MBs of the stratospheric ozone column (SOC) are within 2 % with SDs of 〈 5 % and the MBs of the tropospheric ozone column (TOC) are within 6 % with SDs of 15 %. In the high latitudes, the profile MBs are within 10 % with SDs of 5–15 % for pressure 〈 ~ 50 hPa, but increase to 30 % with SDs as great as 40 % for pressure 〉 ~ 50 hPa. The SOC MBs increase up to 3 % with SDs as great as 6 % and the TOC SDs increase up to 30 %. The comparison generally degrades at larger solar-zenith angles (SZA) due to weaker signals and additional sources of error, leading to worse performance at high latitudes and during the mid-latitude winter. Agreement also degrades with increasing cloudiness for pressure 〉 ~ 100 hPa and varies with cross-track position, especially with large MBs and SDs at extreme off-nadir positions. In the tropics and mid-latitudes, the post-RA comparison is considerably worse with larger SDs reaching 2 % in the stratosphere and 8 % in the troposphere and up to 6 % in TOC. There are systematic differences that vary with latitude compared to the pre-RA comparison. The retrieval comparison demonstrates good long-term stability during the pre-RA period, but exhibits a statistically significant trend of 0.14–0.7 %/year for pressure 〈 ~ 80 hPa, 0.7 DU/year in SOC and −0.33 DU/year in TOC during the post-RA period. The spatiotemporal variation of retrieval performance suggests the need to improve OMI’s radiometric calibration especially during the post-RA period to maintain the long-term stability and reduce the latitude/season/SZA and cross-track dependence of retrieval quality.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Publication Date: 2019-09-01
    Description: This work deals with the characterization of DC electric arcs in aeronautical conditions of pressure (from 104 Pa to 105 Pa). Observations have been made with the help of a high speed camera and various characteristics of electric arc under 540 V DC have been studied: the stability arc length, the extinction gap, the arc duration and the mean energy dissipated in the arc. The arc current intensity range is 10–100 A. The obtained results show that the arc stability length, extinction electrode gap, arc duration and energy dissipation in the arc have a direct correlation with the pressure and the current in the circuit.
    Print ISSN: 1286-0042
    Electronic ISSN: 1286-0050
    Topics: Physics
    Published by EDP Sciences
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    Publication Date: 2014-08-01
    Print ISSN: 1286-0042
    Electronic ISSN: 1286-0050
    Topics: Physics
    Published by EDP Sciences
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