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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    87Sr/86Sr measurements on marine sediments by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (1998)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 360 (1998), S. 230-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The application of inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is documented for the study of the strontium isotopic composition (87Sr/86Sr) in geological samples, i.e. in the marine lithic fraction of core sediments. Methods for the determination of the isotopic composition, its accuracy and precision are reported. The results obtained simultaneously on 11 samples by both ICP-MS and thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) reveal a very good correlation (r2 = 0.955).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160050680
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temporal Patterns of the Wet Deposition of Zn, Cu, Ni, Cd and Pb: The Arcachon Lagoon (France) (1999)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 114 (1999), S. 95-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: Arcachon Lagoon ; atmospheric fluxes ; Cd ; coastal zones ; Cu ; Gironde Estuary ; heavy metals ; high frequency variability ; ICP-MS ; Ni ; Pb ; Zn
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract We report here the first data set on wet deposition of heavy metals in the southwestern French coastal zone. In this region, there are two major sensitive coastal ecosystems: the Gironde Estuary and the Arcachon Lagoon. Chemical analyses of heavy metals were carried out by ICP-MS. Annual mean concentrations of the dissolved fraction in precipitation were 0.2, 3.4, 4.3, 8.1 and 30 μg L-1for Cd, Ni, Cu, Pb and Zn, respectively. In terms of annual fluxes, these numbers are of the same order of magnitude as the fluxes measured in southeastern France, but are higher than those measured in western Brittany. When extrapolated to the entire Bay of Biscay, the annual wet dissolved fluxes of Cd, Ni, Cu, Pb and Zn are respectively 7, 110, 140 340 and 1440 t yr-1. According to available data in the literature, the regional Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn atmospheric fluxes for the Bay of Biscay are of the same order of magnitude as riverine inputs (Loire and Gironde). On a daily or weekly time scale, we observed a strong variability of elemental fluxes: up to 20% of the annual dissolved flux may occur in a rain event shorter than 3.5 days. Although elements display generally parallel variations with time, they sometimes follow independent behaviours (e.g. Pb and Cd), suggesting that they may derive from different geographical and/or pollution sources.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005088619126
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  • 3
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    An optimal and model-independent measurement of the intracluster pressure profile - I. Methodology and first applications (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-09-26
    Description: We present a statistically optimal and model-independent method to extract the pressure profile of hot gas in the intracluster medium (ICM). Using the thermal Sunyaev–Zeldovich effect, we constrain the mean pressure profile of the ICM by appropriately considering all primary cosmic microwave background (CMB) and instrumental noise correlations, while using the maximum resolution and sensitivity of all frequency channels. As a first application, we analyse CMB maps of Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe 9-year data through a study of the Meta-Catalogue of X-ray Detected Clusters of Galaxies. We constrain the universal pressure profile out to 4 R 500 with 15 confidence, though our measurements are only significant out to R 200 . Using a temperature profile constrained from X-ray observations, we measure the mean gas mass fraction out to R 200 . Within statistical and systematic uncertainties, our constraints are compatible with the cosmic baryon fraction and the expected gas fraction in haloes. While Planck multifrequency CMB data are expected to reduce statistical uncertainties by a factor of ~20, we argue that systematic errors in determining mass of clusters dominate the uncertainty in gas mass fraction measurements at the level of ~20 per cent.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 4
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    Cosmological parameters from the comparison of peculiar velocities with predictions from the 2M++ density field (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-18
    Description: Peculiar velocity measurements are the only tool available in the low-redshift Universe for mapping the large-scale distribution of matter and can thus be used to constrain cosmology. Using redshifts from the 2M++ redshift compilation, we reconstruct the density of galaxies within 200 h –1 Mpc, allowing for the first time good sampling of important superclusters such as the Shapley Concentration. We compare the predicted peculiar velocities from 2M++ to Tully–Fisher and SNe peculiar velocities. We find a value of β* $\equiv \Omega _{\rm {m}}^{0.55}/b^* =$ 0.431 ± 0.021, suggesting $\Omega _{\rm {m}}^{0.55}\sigma _{\rm {8,lin}}$  = 0.401 ± 0.024, in good agreement with other probes. The predicted peculiar velocity of the Local Group arising from the 2M++ volume alone is 540 ± 40 km s –1 , towards l  = 268° ± 4°, b  = 38° ± 6°, only 10° out of alignment with the cosmic microwave background dipole. To account for velocity contributions arising from sources outside the 2M++ volume, we fit simultaneously for β* and an external bulk flow in our analysis. We find that an external bulk flow is preferred at the 5.1 level, and the best fit has a velocity of 159 ± 23 km s – 1 towards l  = 304° ± 11°, b  = 6° ± 13°. Finally, the predicted bulk flow of a 50 h –1 Mpc Gaussian-weighted volume centred on the Local Group is 230 ± 30 km s –1 , in the direction l  = 293° ± 8°, b  = 14° ± 10°, in agreement with predictions from cold dark matter.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 5
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    Bayesian 3D velocity field reconstruction with VIRBIUS (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-01-21
    Description: I describe a new Bayesian-based algorithm to infer the full three dimensional velocity field from observed distances and spectroscopic galaxy catalogues. In addition to the velocity field itself, the algorithm reconstructs true distances, some cosmological parameters and specific non-linearities in the velocity field. The algorithm takes care of selection effects, miscalibration issues and can be easily extended to handle direct fitting of e.g. the inverse Tully–Fisher relation. I first describe the algorithm in details alongside its performances. This algorithm is implemented in the virbius (VelocIty Reconstruction using Bayesian Inference Software) software package. I then test it on different mock distance catalogues with a varying complexity of observational issues. The model proved to give robust measurement of velocities for mock catalogues of 3000 galaxies. I expect the core of the algorithm to scale to tens of thousands galaxies. It holds the promises of giving a better handle on future large and deep distance surveys for which individual errors on distance would impede velocity field inference.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 6
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    Unmasking the masked Universe: the 2M++ catalogue through Bayesian eyes (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-11-28
    Description: This work describes a full Bayesian analysis of the Nearby Universe as traced by galaxies of the 2M++ survey. The analysis is run in two sequential steps. The first step self-consistently derives the luminosity-dependent galaxy biases, the power spectrum of matter fluctuations and matter density fields within a Gaussian statistic approximation. The second step makes a detailed analysis of the three-dimensional large-scale structures, assuming a fixed bias model and a fixed cosmology. This second step allows for the reconstruction of both the final density field and the initial conditions at z = 1000 assuming a fixed bias model. From these, we derive fields that self-consistently extrapolate the observed large-scale structures. We give two examples of these extrapolation and their utility for the detection of structures: the visibility of the Sloan Great Wall, and the detection and characterization of the Local Void using DIVA , a Lagrangian based technique to classify structures.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 7
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    The dark matter of galaxy voids (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-20
    Description: How do observed voids relate to the underlying dark matter distribution? To examine the spatial distribution of dark matter contained within voids identified in galaxy surveys, we apply Halo Occupation Distribution models representing sparsely and densely sampled galaxy surveys to a high-resolution N -body simulation. We compare these galaxy voids to voids found in the halo distribution, low-resolution dark matter and high-resolution dark matter. We find that voids at all scales in densely sampled surveys – and medium- to large-scale voids in sparse surveys – trace the same underdensities as dark matter, but they are larger in radius by ~20 per cent, they have somewhat shallower density profiles and they have centres offset by ~ 0.4 R v rms. However, in void-to-void comparison we find that shape estimators are less robust to sampling, and the largest voids in sparsely sampled surveys suffer fragmentation at their edges. We find that voids in galaxy surveys always correspond to underdensities in the dark matter, though the centres may be offset. When this offset is taken into account, we recover almost identical radial density profiles between galaxies and dark matter. All mock catalogues used in this work are available at http://www.cosmicvoids.net .
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 8
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    Voids in the SDSS DR9: observations, simulations, and the impact of the survey mask (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-07-02
    Description: We present and study cosmic voids identified using the watershed void finder vide in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 9, compare these voids to ones identified in mock catalogues, and assess the impact of the survey mask on void statistics such as number functions, ellipticity distributions, and radial density profiles. The nearly 1000 identified voids span three nearly volume-limited samples from redshift z  = 0.43 to 0.7. For comparison, we use 98 of the publicly available second-order Lagrangian perturbation theory-based mock galaxy catalogues of Manera et al., and also generate our own mock catalogues by applying a Halo Occupation Distribution model to an N -body simulation. We find that the mask reduces the number density of voids at all scales by a factor of 3 and slightly skews the relative size distributions. This engenders an increase in the mean ellipticity by roughly 30 per cent. However, we find that radial density profiles are largely robust to the effects of the mask. We see excellent agreement between the data and both mock catalogues, and find no tension between the observed void properties and the properties derived from colddarkmatter simulations. We have added the void catalogues from both data and mock galaxy populations discussed in this work to the Public Cosmic Void Catalog at http://www.cosmicvoids.net .
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 9
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    Matrix-free large-scale Bayesian inference in cosmology (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-24
    Description: In this work we propose a new matrix-free implementation of the Wiener sampler which is traditionally applied to high-dimensional analysis when signal covariances are unknown. Specifically, the proposed method addresses the problem of jointly inferring a high-dimensional signal and its corresponding covariance matrix from a set of observations. Our method implements a Gibbs sampling adaptation of the previously presented messenger approach, permitting to cast the complex multivariate inference problem into a sequence of univariate random processes. In this fashion, the traditional requirement of inverting high-dimensional matrices is completely eliminated from the inference process, resulting in an efficient algorithm that is trivial to implement. Using cosmic large-scale structure data as a showcase, we demonstrate the capabilities of our Gibbs sampling approach by performing a joint analysis of three-dimensional density fields and corresponding power spectra from Gaussian mock data. These tests clearly demonstrate the ability of the algorithm to accurately provide measurements of the three-dimensional density field and its power spectrum and corresponding uncertainty quantification. Moreover, these tests reveal excellent numerical and statistical efficiency which will generally render the proposed algorithm a valuable addition to the toolbox of large-scale Bayesian inference in cosmology and astrophysics.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 10
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    Matrix-free large-scale Bayesian inference in cosmology (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-29
    Description: In this work we propose a new matrix-free implementation of the Wiener sampler which is traditionally applied to high-dimensional analysis when signal covariances are unknown. Specifically, the proposed method addresses the problem of jointly inferring a high-dimensional signal and its corresponding covariance matrix from a set of observations. Our method implements a Gibbs sampling adaptation of the previously presented messenger approach, permitting to cast the complex multivariate inference problem into a sequence of univariate random processes. In this fashion, the traditional requirement of inverting high-dimensional matrices is completely eliminated from the inference process, resulting in an efficient algorithm that is trivial to implement. Using cosmic large-scale structure data as a showcase, we demonstrate the capabilities of our Gibbs sampling approach by performing a joint analysis of three-dimensional density fields and corresponding power spectra from Gaussian mock data. These tests clearly demonstrate the ability of the algorithm to accurately provide measurements of the three-dimensional density field and its power spectrum and corresponding uncertainty quantification. Moreover, these tests reveal excellent numerical and statistical efficiency which will generally render the proposed algorithm a valuable addition to the toolbox of large-scale Bayesian inference in cosmology and astrophysics.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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