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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2023-05-12
    Keywords: Area/locality; Conductivity, average; Depth, bottom/max; Heat flow; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Number of conductivity measurements; Sample, optional label/labor no; Temperature gradient
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 96 data points
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mineralium deposita 15 (1980), S. 1-18 
    ISSN: 1432-1866
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Chalcopyrite-rich bedded and vein mineralization at Kapunda occurs in two locally developed dolosiltstone units within a sequence of generally darker-coloured, finer-grained calcmudstones and siltstones. The Mine Series accumulated in shallow water to supratidal, sabkha-like environments; there is no evidence for igneous activity in the region. Isotope data for bedded sulphides are characteristic of biological sulphate reduction in a restricted basin. It is likely that iron sulphides were produced initially, and that copper was introduced subsequently in mildly oxidizing, highly saline groundwaters, the influence of which is seen in the δ13C-δ18O correlation for dolomite in the mineralized siltstones. Isotopic data support derivation of the veins from their host sediments, and this appears to have occurred before lithification.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mineralium deposita 7 (1972), S. 314-322 
    ISSN: 1432-1866
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Mount Gunson-Kupferlagerstätten finden sich in im wesentlichen nicht metamorphisierten, schwach gefalteten ober-proterozoischen Sedimenten, weit entfernt von irgendwelchen bekannten Intrusiven. Sie bestehen aus einer Reihe kleiner Erzkörper, die sich auf Grund ihrer Unterschiede in bezug auf ihren Fundort, ihr Gefüge und ihre Mineralogie in zwei Gruppen unterteilen lassen. Diese beiden Gruppen werden hier als “Off-Lagoon”-Lagerstätten, die weitgehend oxidiert sind und in niedrigen Hügeln westlich von der Pernatty Lagoon vorkommen, beziehungsweise als “Lagoon”-Lagerstätten, die nicht significant oxidiert sind und in Becken permeablen Gesteins unter dem Lagunenboden gefunden werden, bezeichnet. Die Topographie und die Abflußverhältnisse scheinen sich in dieser Region seit dem Tertiär nur wenig verändert zu haben. Diese Arbeit zeigt die Ergebnisse einer Analyse der Schwefelisotopen-Verhältnisse von Sulfiden, Grundwasser- und Gips-Proben aus den mineralisierten Bereichen. Die für die Lagunen-Sulfide registrierten Isotopenverhältnisse sind ein Beispiel der für die Metallsulfid-Ausfällung auf Grund von bakterieller Sulfatzufuhr zu erwartenden Verteilung. Dieser Befund stimmt mit der Vorstellung, daß die Kupfersulfide während rezenter geologischer Zeiten in Grundwasserspeichern innerhalb des permeablen Gesteins unter der Lagune ausgefällt worden sind, überein. Die Sulfate aus dem Grundwasser und Gips der Lagune sind jedoch nicht mit dem Isotop S34 angereichert, woraus der Schluß gezogen wird, daß in den untersuchten Gebieten gegenwärtig keine wesentliche bakterielle Reduktion von Sulfaten stattfindet. Im Gegensatz dazu fallen die für die Off-Lagoon-Lagerstätten-Sulfide registrierten Isotopen-Verhältnisse in einen engeren Streuungsbereich. Sie können als Darstellung von Metall-Sulfid-Ausfällung durch bakterielle Reduktion von Sulfaten in einem ziemlich offenen System mit erheblichem Sulfat-Nachschub gedeutet werden, geben aber keine Auskunft über den Zeitpunkt dieser Präzipitation. Mineralogische Untersuchungen der Sulfid-Proben zeigen, daß die einzelnen Proben eine Mischung von Sulfid-Mineralien enthalten und daß gewöhnlich ein Mineral überwiegt. In Proben, die sowohl Kupferkies als auch Djurleit enthalten, scheint S34 vorzugsweise im Kupferkies angereichert zu sein.
    Notes: Abstract The Mount Gunson copper deposits occur in essentially unmetamorphosed gently-folded Upper Proterozoic sediments, far from any known igneous intrusions. They consist of a number of small ore bodies which can be divided into two groups on the basis of differences in location, texture and mineralogy. The groups are here termed the off-lagoon deposits, which are extensively oxidized and occur in low hills to the west of Pernatty Lagoon, and the lagoon deposits, which are not significantly oxidized and occur in basins of permeable bedrock under the lagoon floor. The topography and drainage of this region appear to have altered little since the Tertiary. This paper presents the results of a sulphur isotope ratio study of sulphide minerals, groundwaters and gypsum samples from the mineralized areas. The isotope ratios recorded for the lagoon sulphides provide an example of the pattern predicted for metal sulphide precipitation due to bacterial reduction of sulphate in an environment with limited replenishment of sulphate. This finding is in accord with the suggestion that the copper sulphides were precipitated during recent geological times in groundwater traps in the permeable bedrock under the lagoon. However, sulphate from groundwater and gypsum in the lagoon is not enriched in the S34 isotope, and hence it is concluded that no significant bacterial reduction of sulphate is occurring in the areas examined at the present time. The isotope ratios recorded for the off-lagoon sulphides, in contrast, fall in a narrower range. They can be interpreted to reflect metal sulphide precipitation by bacterial reduction of sulphate in a fairly open system, with considerable replenishment of sulphate, but they provide no information concerning the time of this precipitation. Mineralogical studies of the sulphide samples show that individual samples contain a mixture of sulphide minerals and that one mineral is usually dominant. It appears, for samples with co-existing chalcopyrite and djurleite, that S34 is preferentially enriched in the chalcopyrite.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mineralium deposita 5 (1970), S. 97-102 
    ISSN: 1432-1866
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Schichten der Schwefelerze des Typs vom McArthur Fluß sind charakterisiert durch eine Vielzahl von Parallelen, die ausschließlich aus Schwefelschichten bestehen. Diese scheinen sich vor der Verfestigung der Sedimentenmasse gebildet zu haben. Dieser Aufsatz beschreibt eine Reihe von Laboratoriums-Experimenten, die die Möglichkeit untersuchen sollten, ob diese Schichten entstehen konnten durch die Wanderung von Metall-, Schwefeloder möglicherweise Kohlensäure-Ionen durch noch nicht verfestigtes oder sich langsam setzendes Sedimentmaterial. Es wird daraus gefolgert, daß wahrscheinlich während der Formation dieser Schwefelerz-Schichten in Verbindung mit der Ablagerung metallhaltiger Schlammlagen Ionenwanderungen stattfinden.
    Notes: Summary Banded sulphide ores of the McArthur River type are characterized by large numbers of conformable, monomineralic sulphide bands. These appear to have formed prior to consolidation of the host sediments. This paper describes a series of laboratory experiments designed to test the possibility that the bands could have been generated by the migration of metal, sulphide, and possibly carbonate ions through unconsolidated sedimentary materials or slowly settling suspensions. It is concluded that ionic migration processes probably occur during the formation of these banded sulphide ores, in conjunction with the deposition of metalliferous mud layers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mineralium deposita 9 (1974), S. 33-47 
    ISSN: 1432-1866
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Concentrations of iron sulphide minerals in sediments within and adjacent to a small intertidal thermal pool near Talasea township are forming and being modified under a wide range of exhalative-sedimentary conditions. A geochemical, mineralogical and bacteriological investigation of these iron sulphides has defined the major reactions leading to their formation and indicated aspects in which their mineralogies, textures and mechanisms of formation differ significantly from those of iron sulphides formed under “normal” sedimentary conditions. The main features of the thermal pool environment are: 1. the occurrence of relatively high iron sulphide concentrations; 2. the preservation, by the strongly anaerobic thermal spring waters, of hydrotroilite formed in the thermal pool sediments in the presence of excess sulphide; 3. the presence in the pool banks of major marcasite (which appears to replace its dimorph pyrite) formed as a result of the development of strongly acidic conditions; 4. the abundance in the pool banks of large euhedral crystals of pyrite and marcasite, and the scarcity of framboids; 5. the presence of sulphate-reducing bacteria in the thermal waters and sediments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1365-3091
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Laminated and desiccated siliceous dolostones, dolomitic mudstones and dolomitic sandstones in the Cambrian Parakeelya Alkali Member of the Observatory Hill Formation accumulated in an alkaline playa. Four facies are recognized (from lake centre to lake edge): lake, saline mudflat, dry mudflat and sandflat facies. The facies occur in cycles. Cycles of tens of metres thickness record the gradual expansion and contraction of the playa. Superimposed smaller cycles of tens of centimetres thickness record minor oscillations in the position of the strandline in a shallow lake. The dominance of saline mudflat, dry mudflat and sandflat facies indicates that the lake was rimmed by broad flat areas with negligible relief. The high δ18O values of primary and penecontemporaneous diagenetic carbonates of +24 to +28‰ (SMOW) indicate strong evaporation of ground and surface waters within the lake system. Calcite pseudomorphs of the sodium carbonate minerals trona and shortite have δ18O values between + 19 and + 22.5‰, and contain fluid inclusions with variable salinites and homogenization temperatures up to around 110°C. This suggests that the euhedral alkaline evaporites were dissolved by heated waters; calcite pseudomorphs then precipitated from a mixed solution formed by the interaction of these incoming fluids with the relatively saline interstitial brines. The sodium bicarbonate solutions formed by dissolution of the evaporites would have been dispersed by the basinal brines so that despite the closed drainage, further groundwater concentration did not take place.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Analyses of stratigraphically continuous suites of samples from Upper Proterozoic sedimentary successions of East Greenland, Spitsbergen and Nordaustlandet (Svalbard) provide an approximation to the secular variation in carbon isotope ratios during a geologically and biologically important period ...
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] There are large carbon isotope fractionations between oxidized and reduced carbon in sedimentary environments; the differences in 613C values between carbonate and organic carbon (A13C) in strata of most ages average between 25 and 30%〉 (refs 2, 3). For more or less constant carbon input to the ...
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The North Pole deposits8'9 (2107' S, 11928' E) lie within a 30-m thick fossiliferous10 sequence consisting of laminated chert, silicified arenite and conglomerate, between slightly metamorphosed mafic and ultramafic volcanics of the War-rawoona Group11. Stratigraphie correlations suggest the North ...
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 219 (1968), S. 1240-1241 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In experiments with gabbro?water, Yoder and Tilley5 found that hornblende is stable to a maximum temperature of 1,050 C at 10 kbar. In experiments with tonalite?water, we found abundant hornblende in runs at 15 kbar up to temperatures of 800 C, but the proportion of hornblende had decreased ...
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