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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of rare earth materials by cathodoluminescence spectra excited by an electron microprobe (1969)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 41 (1969), S. 50-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac60270a024
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT RULES DERWED WITH THE AID OF MULTIPLE OBJECTIVE DECISION MAKING TECHNIQUES (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 28 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : The determination of optimum reservoir operating rules for reservoirs with multiple conflicting objectives is still a difficult task - despite many publications in this field. In this paper a three-step Multi Objective Decision Making (MODM) method is presented, the emphasis of which is placed on the necessity to make the work easy for the decision maker, which many MODM techniques fail to achieve. The method is applied to the development of a compromise optimum operating rule for a multi-purpose reservoir. In the first step of the method stochastic DP is chosen which is combined with the “weighting method” allowing combination of various objectives into one objective function. By systematically varying the weights for the objectives a large number of pareto optimum reservoir operating rules is generated. In the second step of the method the performance of all these operating rules is tested with the aid of a model simulating reservoir operation. The results are statistically analyzed and the reliabilities for attaining the various objectives are computed. The third step of the model applies another MODM technique which allows the decision maker - in a computer dialog - to select his optimum reservoir operating rule from the large number of pareto optimum solutions generated in step 1. Here he can specify his preferences for the various objectives. For this purpose two alternative MODM techniques are offered: Compromise Programming and the SEMOPS method. Their performance is shown along with the generation and selection of operating rules for the multi-objective Wupper reservoir system in Germany.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1992.tb03166.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gain-induced coupling of solid-state lasers
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Chaos, Solitons and Fractals 4 (1994), S. 1559-1572 
    Details
    ISSN: 0960-0779
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0960-0779(94)90097-3
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Speckle photography during dynamic impact of an energetic material using laser-induced fluorescence (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 82 (1997), S. 1093-1099 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Laser and white light speckle photography have been used to observe surface displacement in a number of materials and over a varied range of strain rates. However, each suffers from limitations. We have developed a novel application of speckle photography in very difficult environments by using laser-induced fluorescence to generate the speckle pattern. This permits confinement of the free surface without undue degradation of the correlation upon which speckle methods are based. We have applied this method to measure the surface displacement of a reactive material during dynamic deformation at moderate strain rates. Conventional methods were tried but were unsuccessful, necessitating a novel approach. To the best of our knowledge, neither high-speed laser nor white light speckle photography has been performed using energetic materials. These measurements are very difficult because of the low material strength (yield strength ∼8–80 MPa), and because significant out-of-plane motion and surface disruption occur during fracture, and early during the deformation process. We report results from experiments in which these major problems have been overcome. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.365876
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pressure-assisted reaction bonding between W and Si80Ge20 alloy with Ni as the interlayer (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 4292-4299 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The conditions and reaction mechanism of W/Ni/Si80Ge20 hot-press bonding have been studied. It was found that a Ni/Si80Ge20 bond can be formed using low pressure, 19.6 MPa, in the temperature range between 780 and 900 °C in a short time. The kinetics follows a parabolic pattern, suggesting it is a diffusion-controlled process. The activation energy is 2.7 eV and the parabolic rate constant is given by KP = 4.0 × 1014 exp(−3.2×104/T) (μm2/min). The bonding interface has a multilayered structure. A phenomenological mechanism of the bonding formation has been proposed based on scanning electron microscopy observations and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The cracking problem due to thermal stress is discussed based on Oxx's equation. It was found that bonds free from cracks in the Si80Ge20 alloy are formed when the Ni consumption (as measured by the thickness of the nickel layer) is sufficiently small (〈40–45 μm) and the post-hot-press cooling is slow. On the other hand, tungsten and nickel react during hot pressing at higher temperature, forming WNi4. As an interlayer, nickel can join the tungsten sheet and the Si80Ge20 together. It has been also demonstrated that a thin nickel layer formed by vapor deposition on a tungsten sheet may be used as the interlayer in place of nickel sheet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.348402
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pressure-assisted reaction bonding between a W sheet and a Si80Ge20 alloy (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 68 (1990), S. 4846-4852 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The conditions and mechanism of bonding a tungsten sheet directly onto a Si80Ge20 alloy by hot pressing have been studied. It was found that W/Si80Ge20 bonds are formed only at relatively high temperatures. The pressure and time required for bonding decrease with increasing temperature. In the initial stage, the W/Si80Ge20 reaction follows a parabolic kinetics, suggesting it is a diffusion-controlled process. The activation energy is 4.9 eV, and the parabolic rate constant is given by Kp=(4.2±0.1)×1018 exp[−(5.7±0.1)×104/T] (μm2/ min) A bonding mechanism is proposed based on scanning electron microscopic observations and chemical analyses of the interface. Selective reaction between silicon and tungsten leaves a Ge-rich layer at the W/Si80Ge20 interface, thus reducing the melting temperature. When the silicon content in the interfacial layer becomes sufficiently low, the layer melts at the hot-press temperature. Molten materials fill in voids and microcracks by the capillary effect, resulting in an intimate contact and a strong bond. A mathematical model of Si diffusion is proposed. Solving the equation by the finite-difference method, silicon composition profiles were obtained and the silicon diffusion coefficient was estimated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.346144
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Novel light gas gun with minimal timing jitter (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 195-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We have designed a gas gun capable of delivering a projectile on target within a time window of 60 μs, and up to velocities of 182 m/s. The gun uses a prepressurized brass projectile held in place with a glass rod in compression. The glass rod is fractured at a precise time using an explosive detonator. Performance calculations were conducted using a simplified model, and the predictions compare favorably with experimental data. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146570
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microstructural analysis of in-situ Cu-Nb composite wires
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Ultramicroscopy 22 (1987), S. 251-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 0304-3991
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0304-3991(87)90069-6
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observations concerning the twin microstructure in YBa2Cu3O x (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 7 (1988), S. 897-899 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00720722
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characteristic molar ratios of magnesium, carbon dioxide, calcium and phosphorus in the mineralizing fracture callus and predentine (1980)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 32 (1980), S. 257-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Mineralization ; Collagen Rich Systems ; Fracture Callus ; Predentine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary From fracture callus in different stages of mineralization the contents of Mg, CO2, Ca and P were determined and compared with those found in predentine. It was found that the Mg- and CO2-contents are high in relation to Ca and P values during the prestages and early stages of mineralization. These relatively high Mg- and CO2-values are connected with high Mg/Ca, Mg/P, CO2/Ca and CO2/P ratios which strongly decrease with the increasing degree of mineralization. These results seem to be part of a general controlling mechanism of the calcification.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02408549
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