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  • 1
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    Damage-dependent regulation of MUS81-EME1 by Fanconi anemia complementation group A protein (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-11
    Description: MUS81-EME1 is a DNA endonuclease involved in replication-coupled repair of DNA interstrand cross-links (ICLs). A prevalent hypothetical role of MUS81-EME1 in ICL repair is to unhook the damage by incising the leading strand at the 3' side of an ICL lesion. In this study, we report that purified MUS81-EME1 incises DNA at the 5' side of a psoralen ICL residing in fork structures. Intriguingly, ICL repair protein, Fanconi anemia complementation group A protein (FANCA), greatly enhances MUS81-EME1-mediated ICL incision. On the contrary, FANCA exhibits a two-phase incision regulation when DNA is undamaged or the damage affects only one DNA strand. Studies using truncated FANCA proteins indicate that both the N- and C-moieties of the protein are required for the incision regulation. Using laser-induced psoralen ICL formation in cells, we find that FANCA interacts with and recruits MUS81 to ICL lesions. This report clarifies the incision specificity of MUS81-EME1 on ICL damage and establishes that FANCA regulates the incision activity of MUS81-EME1 in a damage-dependent manner.
    Print ISSN: 0305-1048
    Electronic ISSN: 1362-4962
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 2
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    Explicit formulas for pricing credit-linked notes with counterparty risk under reduced-form framework (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-06-09
    Description: A credit-linked note (CLN) is a type of credit derivative, constructed with a bond and an embedded credit default swap, which allows the issuer to transfer a specific credit risk to credit investors. In this paper, we model CLNs with and without counterparty risk in the reduced-form framework. For CLNs with counterparty risk, we consider two different scenarios, i.e. the issuer of CLNs and reference assets have either positive correlation or negative correlation. Assuming the interest rate follows the Cox–Ingersoll–Ross (CIR) model (Cox et al ., 1985) and the default events mainly depend on the interest rate, we model the two different correlations. Explicit formulas for value functions are obtained through a partial differential equation approach. In addition, counterparty valuation adjustment and the dependence on related parameters are also investigated.
    Print ISSN: 1471-678X
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-6798
    Topics: Mathematics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 3
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    Epigenetic initiation of the TH17 differentiation program is promoted by Cxxc finger protein 1 (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉IL-6/STAT3 signaling is known to initiate the T〈sub〉H〈/sub〉17 differentiation program, but the upstream regulatory mechanisms remain minimally explored. Here, we show that Cxxc finger protein 1 (Cxxc1) promoted the generation of T〈sub〉H〈/sub〉17 cells as an epigenetic regulator and prevented their differentiation into T〈sub〉reg〈/sub〉 cells. Mice with a T cell–specific deletion of Cxxc1 were protected from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and were more susceptible to 〈i〉Citrobacter rodentium〈/i〉 infection. Cxxc1 deficiency decreased IL-6Rα expression and impeded IL-6/STAT3 signaling, whereas the overexpression of IL-6Rα could partially reverse the defects in 〈i〉Cxxc1〈/i〉-deficient T〈sub〉H〈/sub〉17 cells in vitro and in vivo. Genome-wide occupancy analysis revealed that Cxxc1 bound to 〈i〉Il6r〈/i〉α gene loci by maintaining the appropriate H3K4me3 modification of its promoter. Therefore, these data highlight that Cxxc1 as a key regulator governs the balance between T〈sub〉H〈/sub〉17 and T〈sub〉reg〈/sub〉 cells by controlling the expression of IL-6Rα, which affects IL-6/STAT3 signaling and has an impact on T〈sub〉H〈/sub〉17-related autoimmune diseases.〈/p〉
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Unusual Mott transition in multiferroic PbCrO3 [Physics] (2015)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-12-16
    Description: The Mott insulator in correlated electron systems arises from classical Coulomb repulsion between carriers to provide a powerful force for electron localization. Turning such an insulator into a metal, the so-called Mott transition, is commonly achieved by “bandwidth” control or “band filling.” However, both mechanisms deviate from the original concept...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 5
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    Pure and aerated water entry of a flat plate (2016)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-01-26
    Description: This paper presents an experimental and numerical investigation of the entry of a rigid square flat plate into pure and aerated water. Attention is focused on the measurement and calculation of the slamming loads on the plate. The experimental study was carried out in the ocean basin at Plymouth University’s COAST laboratory. The present numerical approach extends a two-dimensional hydro-code to compute three-dimensional hydrodynamic impact problems. The impact loads on the structure computed by the numerical model compare well with laboratory measurements. It is revealed that the impact loading consists of distinctive features including (1) shock loading with a high pressure peak, (2) fluid expansion loading associated with very low sub-atmospheric pressure close to the saturated vapour pressure, and (3) less severe secondary reloading with super-atmospheric pressure. It is also disclosed that aeration introduced into water can effectively reduce local pressures and total forces on the flat plate. The peak impact loading on the plate can be reduced by half or even more with 1.6% aeration in water. At the same time, the lifespan of shock loading is prolonged by aeration, and the variation of impulse is less sensitive to the change of aeration than the peak loading.
    Print ISSN: 1070-6631
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7666
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 6
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    Signatures of Thermospheric‐Exospheric Coupling of Hydrogen in Observed Seasonal Trends of H α Intensity (2019)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Abstract Analysis of an established geocoronal H α data set indicates a seasonal trend in observed dusk‐to‐dawn intensity variation, consistent with a diurnal variation in the underlying thermospheric hydrogen density. Observations were obtained at Pine Bluff Observatory, WI, from 2000 to 2001 using a high spectral resolution (R∼80,000) Fabry‐Perot annular summing spectrometer. This dusk‐to‐dawn asymmetry in intensity is highest in winter months with a difference of ∼2.7 Rayleighs and smallest in summer months with a difference of ∼0.5 Rayleighs; observations near equinox show a dusk‐to‐dawn difference in intensity close to ∼1.3 Rayleighs. Comparisons between modeled and observed dusk‐to‐dawn intensity variation show good agreement near the equinoxes. The modeled intensity was generated using the lyao_rt radiative transport code of Bishop (1999, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-4073(98)00031-4), employing NRLMSISE‐00 thermospheric hydrogen profiles extended into the exosphere via the evaporative case of the Bishop analytic exosphere. Near the equinoxes and summer solstice, the model tends to agree with observations. Near the winter solstice, the model underestimates the dusk‐to‐dawn asymmetry by 1.5–2 Rayleighs. Overall, modeled H α intensity generated with NRLMSISE‐00 as the thermospheric input is shown to be consistently lower than observed intensity by a factor of ∼2.
    Print ISSN: 2169-9380
    Electronic ISSN: 2169-9402
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 7
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    Labeling His-tagged proteins in living cells [Cell Biology] (2015)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-11
    Description: Small molecule-based fluorescent probes have been used for real-time visualization of live cells and tracking of various cellular events with minimal perturbation on the cells being investigated. Given the wide utility of the (histidine)6-Ni2+-nitrilotriacetate (Ni-NTA) system in protein purification, there is significant interest in fluorescent Ni2+-NTA–based probes. Unfortunately, previous Ni-NTA–based...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 8
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    On the Solar Cycle Variation of the Winter Anomaly (2014)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-05-24
    Description: Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate (COSMIC), Ionosonde and Global Ultraviolet Imager (GUVI) data have been used to investigate the solar cycle changes in the winter anomaly (the winter anomaly is defined as the enhancement of the F 2 peak electron density in the winter hemisphere over that in the summer hemisphere) in the last solar cycle. There is no winter anomaly in solar minimum, and an enhancement of about 50 % in winter over summer ones on the same day of the year at solar maximum. This solar cycle variation in the winter anomaly is primarily due to greater winter to summer differences of [O]/[N 2 ] in solar maximum than in solar minimum, with a secondary contribution from the effects of temperature on the recombination coefficient between O + and the molecular neutral gas. The greater winter increases in electron density in the northern hemisphere than in the southern hemisphere appear to be related to the greater annual variation of [O]/[N 2 ] in the north than in the south.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 9
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    Ultrahigh strength and high electrical conductivity in copper (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-03-20
    Description: Methods used to strengthen metals generally also cause a pronounced decrease in electrical conductivity, so that a tradeoff must be made between conductivity and mechanical strength. We synthesized pure copper samples with a high density of nanoscale growth twins. They showed a tensile strength about 10 times higher than that of conventional coarse-grained copper, while retaining an electrical conductivity comparable to that of pure copper. The ultrahigh strength originates from the effective blockage of dislocation motion by numerous coherent twin boundaries that possess an extremely low electrical resistivity, which is not the case for other types of grain boundaries.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lu, Lei -- Shen, Yongfeng -- Chen, Xianhua -- Qian, Lihua -- Lu, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 16;304(5669):422-6. Epub 2004 Mar 18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science (SYNL), Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15031435" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    Thermospheric Hydrogen Response to Increases in Greenhouse Gases (2016)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2016-03-31
    Description: We investigated thermospheric hydrogen response to increase in greenhouse gases and the dependence of this response to solar activity, using a global-mean version of the National Center for Atmospheric Research Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Mesosphere-Electrodynamics General Circulation Model. We separately doubled carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and methane (CH 4 ) to study the influence of temperature and changes to source species for hydrogen. Our results indicate that both CO 2 cooling and CH 4 changes to the source species for hydrogen lead to predicted increases in the upper thermospheric hydrogen density. At 400 km, hydrogen increases ~30% under solar maximum and ~25% under solar minimum responding to doubling of CH 4 , indicating that hydrogen response to the source variation due to CH 4 increase is relatively independent of solar activity. On the other hand, hydrogen response to doubling of CO 2 highly depends on solar activity. At 400 km, doubling of CO 2 results in a ~7% hydrogen increase at solar maximum, whereas it is ~25% at solar minimum. Consequently, at solar maximum, the predicted ~40 % increase in atomic hydrogen in the upper thermosphere is primarily due to the source variation as a result of doubling of CH 4 , whereas at solar minimum, both cooling due to doubling of CO 2 and the source variation due to doubling of CH 4 have commensurate effects, resulting in an approximate 50% increase in the modeled upper thermospheric hydrogen.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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