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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Keywords: Key words Subsurface brines ; Time domain electromagnetics ; Dead Sea Rift
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  High radon fluxes in the seismically active Dead Sea Rift seem to be affected by the hydrological system and the different salinities of groundwater bodies involved. The time domain electromagnetic (TDEM) method was employed to delineate those different bodies and the configuration of the interfaces between them. The present hydrological system and the related brines and interfaces are controlled by the Dead Sea base level, presently at 408 m below MSL. TDEM measurements detect low resistivity (〈1 ohm/m) units representing brines and the interface between them as well as the overlying fresher water bodies. In addition, high resistivity (freshwater) units are also detected, underlying the brines, related herein to a multiple hydrological system. Low-resistivity brines, detected above the present base level, are interpreted herein as yet unflushed ones which correspond to a former higher base level. Higher sequences, below historical (sixteenth century) base levels, are already devoid of brines, which gives an indication as to the rate of flushing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: Amino acid transport ; ATP (regulation) ; Barley vacuoles ; Ion transport ; Magnesium (effector) ; Potassium efflux
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract After Stimulation with ATP and in the absence of divalent cations, isolated barley mesophyll vacuoles exhibited massive solute fluxes across the tonoplast, measured either as efflux of endogenous solutes or as uptake of radioactive-labeled compounds. Transported solutes were ions (particularly K+, NO 3 − , Cl−) and amino acids (for example, ala, arg, asp, gln, leu, met). Addition of Mg2+in excess of added ATP inhibited fluxes of inorganic ions and of positively charged amino acids, but not, or to a smaller extent, those of neutral amino acids. Thus, Mg2+ increased the specificity of the carrier for amino acids such as alanine and glutamine. All ATP-stimulated transport processes were sensitive towards inhibition by lipophilic amino acids, for example by leucine and phenylalanine. After stimulation with sulfhydryl reagents, the inhibitory properties of Mg2+ and lipophilic amino acids were lost. These data concur with the hypothesis of a single transporter which exhibits a channel-like structure with a low degree of substrate selectivity in the absence of Mg2+, and which functions as a neutral amino acid carrier in the presence of Mg2+.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Ribosomal RNA ; Protein ; Phylogeny ; Mitochondria ; Nuclear ; Lower fungi
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We have sequenced the nuclear and mitochondrial small subunit rRNA genes (rns) and the mitochondrial genes coding for subunits 1 and 3 of the cytochrome oxidase (cox1 and cox3, respectively) of the chytridiomycete Allomyces macrogynus. Phylogenetic trees inferred from the derived COX1 and COX3 proteins and the nuclear rns sequences show with good bootstrap support that A. macrogynus is an early diverging fungus. The trees inferred from mitochondrial rns sequences do not yield a topology that is supported by bootstrap analysis. The similarity and the relative robustness of the nuclear rns and the mitochondrial protein-derived phylogenetic trees suggest that protein sequences are of higher value than rRNA sequences for reconstructing mitochondrial evolution. In addition, our trees support a monophyletic origin of mitochondria for the range of analyzed eukaryotes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Key words: RNA polymerase — Evolution — Mitochondria — Bacteriophage — Linear plasmid — Phylogenetic tree
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. Many eukaryotic nuclear genomes as well as mitochondrial plasmids contain genes displaying evident sequence similarity to those encoding the single-subunit RNA polymerase (ssRNAP) of bacteriophage T7 and its relatives. We have collected and aligned these ssRNAP sequences and have constructed unrooted phylogenetic trees that demonstrate the separation of ssRNAPs into three well-defined and nonoverlapping clusters (phage-encoded, nucleus-encoded, and plasmid-encoded). Our analyses indicate that these three subfamiles of T7-like RNAPs shared a common ancestor; however, the order in which the groups diverged cannot be inferred from available data. On the basis of structural similarities and mutational data, we suggest that the ancestral ssRNAP gene may have arisen via duplication and divergence of a DNA polymerase or reverse transcriptase gene. Considering the current phylogenetic distribution of ssRNAP sequences, we further suggest that the origin of the ancestral ssRNAP gene closely paralleled in time the introduction of mitochondria into eukaryotic cells through a eubacterial endosymbiosis.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Current genetics 28 (1995), S. 97-99 
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: GIY-YIG ORF ; Endonuclease ; Plastid ; Evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Group-I introns, containing open reading frames (ORFs) that code for homing endonucleases, are widely distributed amongst eukaryotic organellar genomes. However, endonucleases of the GIY-YIG subclass have a restricted distribution in mitochondria and bacteriophages, and have never been observed in plastids. We have found the GIY-YIG motif in an intronic ORF within the previously published psbA gene sequence from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii chloroplasts. Based on phylogenetic analysis and an evaluation of amino-acid substitutions, this ORF is not closely related to any of the other GIY-YIG ORFs. These results suggest that GIY-YIG ORFs have a longer evolutionary history than previously assumed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Key words Chytridiomycetes ; Mitochondria ; Comparative genomics ; Gene expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The goal of the fungal mitochondrial genome project (FMGP) is to sequence complete mitochondrial genomes for a representative sample of the major fungal lineages; to analyze the genome structure, gene content, and conserved sequence elements of these sequences; and to study the evolution of gene expression in fungal mitochondria. By using our new sequence data for evolutionary studies, we were able to construct phylogenetic trees that provide further solid evidence that animals and fungi share a common ancestor to the exclusion of chlorophytes and protists. With a database comprising multiple mitochondrial gene sequences, the level of support for our mitochondrial phylogenies is unprecedented, in comparison to trees inferred with nuclear ribosomal RNA sequences. We also found several new molecular features in the mitochondrial genomes of lower fungi, including: (1) tRNA editing, which is the same type as that found in the mitochondria of the amoeboid protozoan Acanthamoeba castellanii; (2) two novel types of putative mobile DNA elements, one encoding a site-specific endonuclease that confers mobility on the element, and the other constituting a class of highly compact, structured elements; and (3) a large number of introns, which provide insights into intron origins and evolution. Here, we present an overview of these results, and discuss examples of the diversity of structures found in the fungal mitochondrial genome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Current genetics 8 (1984), S. 517-524 
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Mitochondrial mutants ; Deletions ; Mutator mutation ; Petite negative yeast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The three mutator strains ana r-8, ana r-14, and diu r-301 were shown to produce respiratory deficient mutants at different rates. The frequency of respiratory deficient mutants in a culture could be increased by adding ethidium bromide. According to their cytochrome spectra and enzymatic activities they form three classes, namely mutants defective in cytochrome oxidase, in cytochrome b, and in both cytochromes. By restriction enzyme analysis of mitochondrial DNA from about 100 mutants, 22 deletion mutants were identified. The deletions, ranging from 50 to 1,500 base pairs were physically mapped. Deletions were localized in the genes coding for subunit 1 of cytochrome oxidase with its two introns, within the cytochrome b gene and its intron, and within the genes for subunits 2 and 3 of cytochrome oxidase. In several cases, where the physical mapping yielded ambiguous results, pairwise genetic crosses ruled out an overlap between two neighbouring deletions. Using these mitochondrial deletion mutants as tester strains, it was shown that only tetrad analysis and chemical haploidization, but not mitotic segregation analysis, allows a decision between chromosomal and mitochondrial inheritance of respiratory deficiency in Schizosaccharomyces pombe.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 116 (2002), S. 4542-4552 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The structural changes due to formation of electronic bubbles in solid D2 are investigated by means of fluorescence, fluorescence-excitation, and fluorescence-depletion spectroscopy of the lowest Rydberg state, A 2Σ+(3sσ), of the NO impurity. The A←X band is strongly blueshifted (∼0.7 eV) with respect to the gas phase and shows a very broad (full width at half maximum ∼2000 cm−1) and asymmetric profile. The shift results from the strong repulsion due to the overlap of the extended Rydberg orbital with the matrix species, while the width and asymmetry are governed by quantum effects on the ground-state intermolecular wave function. Fluorescence occurs with large absorption-emission Stokes shifts, bringing the A-state emission energy to its gas-phase value, which indicates a very loose cavity around the excited molecule. A line-shape analysis of the A-X absorption and emission bands allows us to extract one-dimensional intermolecular NO-matrix potentials of both involved states. We estimate the bubble radius to ∼5 Å, in good agreement with values from the literature for the bubble radius of the solvated electron. Fluorescence-depletion spectra of the A state are also presented along with the ground-state transitions to the higher C 2Π(3pπ) and D 2Σ+(3pσ) states. They are used to generate intermolecular potentials for the C and D states, which are essential ingredients for ultrafast pump–probe experiments of the bubble dynamics. The results obtained for D2 matrices are compared with those previously published for H2 matrices. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 560 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 681 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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