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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of metamorphic geology 11 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1525-1314
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract At the basement-cover boundary of the north-eastern Tauern Window (Eastern Alps), the following Alpine P-T-d development has been reconstructed on the basis of macro- and micro-structures as well as preferred crystallographic orientations, mineral parageneses and compositions.During increasing P-T conditions in the greenschist facies a first period of deformation produced imbrication of the basement gneisses and cover sediments, and then monoclinal folds up to the kilometre scale. Tectonic transport was continuously top-to-the-ENE. A second period of deformation began at about peak P-T conditions of 9 kbar and c. 540–560°C in the south, and about 7–9 kbar and 490–500° C in the north; this continued locally to lower temperature. During the second period, transport was continuously top-to-the-SE. Crystallographic orientations of white mica and plagioclase give particularly useful information on the kinematic framework. In addition, data on the ductile behaviour of dolomite and plagioclase can be inferred. At c. 7–9 kbar, dolomite recrystallization starts at 450–480° C, and the beginning of plagioclase recrystallization coincides with the oligoclase boundary.In general, the Alpine geodynamic history of the basement-cover boundary may be related to continental collision processes between a northerly plate (European or Briançonnais) and a southerly (Adriatic) one. The first deformation period possibly reflects subduction of the gneiss-sediment boundary toward the WSW, to a depth of 31–32 km. The second period may be a result of obduction toward the NW, followed by late-stage uplift. Most of the basement domes of the eastern Tauern Window appear as a result of the final stage of the first deformation, formed prior to the peak of metamorphism, possibly partly influenced by the final collision between the northern and the southern continents.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford : Blackwell Science Ltd.
    Journal of metamorphic geology 14 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1525-1314
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Empirical data on quartz subgrain patterns from various metamorphic rocks show that, at least up to 10 kbar in the stability field of low-quartz, prismatic subgrain boundaries are dominant whereas basal subgrain boundaries are not developed. In the high-quartz stability field, both prismatic and basal subgrain boundaries occur and form typical rectangular (‘chessboard’) patterns. The likely reason behind the different occurrence of these subgrain patterns is that in high-quartz prismatic glide becomes as easy as, or probably even easier than, basal glide. The two types of subgrain patterns can be clearly distinguished by optical microscopy. Consequently, the occurrence of chessboard subgrain patterns in quartz represents a practicable geothermobarometer. The possibilities of its application are far reaching and include the specification of deformation conditions at high-grade metamorphism, the recognition of syntectonic intrusions and the distinction between pluton emplacement at lower and at higher crustal levels.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 80 (1991), S. 289-302 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract In the Northern Serre (S. Italy), a continuous section through a former lower continental crust is exposed (Schenk 1984, 1985). These granulite facies rocks have not been penetratively deformed during their uplift to higher crustal levels. Therefore, they allow to study the structural state of the lower continental crust. Most rockforming minerals, among them ortho- and clinopyroxene and cordierite, show recrystallization structures. Quarz basal subgrain boundaries are developed in lower levels of the lower crust and disappear toward higher levels. In addition to dimensional orientations of the rockforming minerals, the preferred crystallographic orientations of plagioclases, cordierite, amphibole, pyroxenes and, rarely, quartz reflect the strain orientation of the prograde high-T deformation. During this deformation, the stretching direction was constant NNE-SSW throughout the exposed lower crustal section. Shear indicators are rare. This points to the fact that deformation has been homogeneous and coaxial flattening. There is only a small variation in orientation and strength of textures throughout the exposed lower crust. Therefore, neighbouring layers of different composition rather than different deformation might serve as seismic reflectors in the former lower crust.
    Abstract: Résumé Le Massif de la Serre Septentrionale en Calabre (Sud de l'Italie) représente un tronçon d'une ancienne croûte continentale profonde (Schenk 1984, 1985). Les roches du faciès granulite qui le constituent n'ont pas subi de déformation penetrative lors de leur ascension dans les niveaux plus superficiels de la croûte. Leur étude permet donc de reconstruire les caractéristiques structurales de l'ancienne croûte profonde. Non seulement les feldspaths, le quartz et l'amphibole, mais encore l'orthopyroxène, le clinopyroxène et la cordiérite ont recristallisé. Dans les niveaux les plus profonds de la croûte on observe dans les cristaux de quartz des bordures de sous-grains parallèles à la base. Celles-ci n'apparaissent plus dans les niveaux plus superficiels. L'orientation des cristaux des minéraux constitutifs des roches, de même que l'orientation des réseaux cristallins du plagioclase, de la cordiérite, de l'amphibole, du pyroxène et (mais plus rarement) du quartz réflètent la direction de contrainte de la phase de déformation prograde de haute température. Pendant cette phase de déformation, la direction d'extension est demeurée NNE-SSW. Les témoins de cisaillement sont rares, ce qui montre que la déformation s'est effectuée de façon homogène, en relation avec un aplatissement coaxial. Les textures varient très peu en orientation comme en intensité dans toute la coupe de croûte profonde exposée. En conséquence, l'existence de réflecteurs sismiques devrait refléter des différences dans les compositions minéralogiques des roches plutôt que dans leurs caractéristiques structurales.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In der nördlichen Serre (Süditalien) ist ein zusammenhängender Bereich einer ehemaligen kontinentalen Unterkruste aufgeschlossen (Schenk 1984, 1985). Diese granulitfaziellen Gesteine sind bei ihrem Aufstieg in höhere Krustenbereiche nicht durchgreifend überprägt worden. Deshalb läßt sich an ihnen noch der strukturelle Zustand der ehemaligen Unterkruste studieren. Außer in Feldspäten, Quarz und Amphibol tritt auch in Ortho- und Klinopyroxen und in Cordierit Rekristallisation auf. In tieferen Krustenniveaus sind im Quarz basisparallele Subkorngrenzen entwickelt, die in höheren Krustenbereichen nicht auftreten. Sowohl die Gestaltregelungen der gesteinsbildenden Minerale als auch die kristallographischen Plagioklas-, Cordierit-, Amphibol-, Pyroxen- und (seltener) Quarzregelungen spiegeln die Strain-orientierung der prograden hochtemperierten Deformation wider. Während dieser Deformation blieb die Streckung im gesamten Unterkrustenbereich konstant NNE-SSW orientiert. Scherindikatoren sind selten. Beides deutet darauf hin, daß die Deformation homogen und als koachsiale Plättung abgelaufen ist. Im gesamten aufgeschlossenen Unterkrustenbereich variieren weder Intensität noch Orientierung der kristallographischen und gestaltlichen Regelungen der gesteinsbildenden Minerale wesentlich. Deshalb sollten in der ehemaligen Unterkruste Lagen unterschiedlicher Deformation weniger als seismische Reflektoren in Frage kommen als Lagen unterschiedlicher Zusammensetzung.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 85 (1996), S. 38-43 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Keywords: Geothermometer ; Quartz ; Grain boundary migration ; Grain boundary suture Fractal ; Koch curve
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Along grain boundaries of quartz from metamorphic and igneous rocks complex interfingering (sutures) may occur. Under the light microscope the lengths of the sutures range from approximately 10–1000 μm. The sutured grain boundaries are statistically self-similar over one to two orders of magnitude. They represent fractals. Their mathematical counterpart are Koch curves which are developed after two to four iterations. The fractal (Hausdorff-Besicovitch) dimensions D of sutured quartz grain boundaries from different grades of metamorphism are between ca. 1.05 and 1.30. The D-value decreases with increasing temperature during formation of the sutures. On a statistical basis, D can be used as a measure of this temperature and, therefore, as a deformation-related thermometer.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Geologische Rundschau 85 (1996), S. 38-43 
    ISSN: 0016-7835
    Keywords: Key words Geothermometer ; Quartz ; Grain boundary migration ; Grain boundary suture ; Fractal ; Koch curve
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  Along grain boundaries of quartz from metamorphic and igneous rocks complex interfingering (sutures) may occur. Under the light microscope the lengths of the sutures range from approximately 10–1000 μm. The sutured grain boundaries are statistically self-similar over one to two orders of magnitude. They represent fractals. Their mathematical counterpart are Koch curves which are developed after two to four iterations. The fractal (Hausdorff-Besicovitch) dimensions D of sutured quartz grain boundaries from different grades of metamorphism are between ca. 1.05 and 1.30. The D-value decreases with increasing temperature during formation of the sutures. On a statistical basis, D can be used as a measure of this temperature and, therefore, as a deformation-related thermometer.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Geologische Rundschau 86 (1997), S. 21-38 
    ISSN: 0016-7835
    Keywords: Keywords P ; T ; d ; t path ; Moldanubian zone ; Thrusting ; Orogenic collapse ; Isothermal uplift ; Extension ; South Bohemian batholith
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  A characteristic feature of the Moldanubian part of the central European Variscides is late-orogenic high-T/low-P metamorphism. Its past history and the possible reasons for this metamorphism are highlighted by the tectonometamorphic development at the south– eastern margin of the Bohemian massif. During the Variscan orogeny, at ca. 340 Ma, two different crustal segments were juxtaposed by thrusting (the Drosendorf unit on top of the Monotonous unit). This probably marks a collisional event that is widespread in the southeastern Moldanubian zone. The collision was followed by crustal uplift accompanied by strong heating in the lowermost structural unit (Monotonous unit). During the subsequent orogenic collapse, the Moldanubian nappe pile was thrust over parts of the Moravo-Silesian terrane. A late stage of crustal extension under greenschist-facies conditions is linked with pluton emplacement. In general, magmatic underplating as well as delamination of the lithospheric mantle explains the high-T/low-P metamorphism and the large-scale plutonism in the southeastern Moldanubian zone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2008-05-01
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2003-10-31
    Print ISSN: 0263-4929
    Electronic ISSN: 1525-1314
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Wiley
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1993-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0263-4929
    Electronic ISSN: 1525-1314
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Wiley
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2005-02-01
    Print ISSN: 0008-4476
    Electronic ISSN: 1499-1276
    Topics: Geosciences
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