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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impurity distribution and electrical characteristics of boron-doped Si1−x Ge x /Si p +/N heterojunction diodes produced using pulsed UV-laser-induced epitaxy and Gas-immersion laser doping (1993)
    Springer
    Applied physics 57 (1993), S. 91-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 73.40.Lq ; 73.61.Le ; 85.30.Kk
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A two-step pulsed UV-laser process which independently controls the metallurgical and electrical junction depth of a Si1−x Ge x /Si heterojunction diode has been implemented. Pulsed Laser-Induced Epitaxy (PLIE) combined with Gas-immersion Laser Doping (GILD) are used to fabricate boron-doped heteroepitaxial p +/N Si1−x Ge x /Si layers and diodes. Borontrifluoride is used as the gaseous dopant source in the GILD process step. Boron incorporation and activation are investigated as a function of laser energy fluence and the number of laser pulses using SIMS and Halleffect measurements. The dose of incorporated dopant is on the order of 1013 cm−2 per pulse. The B profiles obtained are flat except for a peak at the interface resulting from segregation effects. The B and Ge distributions are compared with shifts in the turn-on voltage of p +/N Si1−x /Si heterojunction diodes produced by the process. The GILD/PLIE process is spatially selective with the resulting diodes fabricated being quasiplanar. Hole mobilities in the heavily doped Si1−x Ge x films are found to be slightly lower than in comparable Si films.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00331223
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Insect Cuticle Sclerotization (1992)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Entomology 37 (1992), S. 273-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4170
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.en.37.010192.001421
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fabrication and characterization of selectively grown Si"1"-"xGe"x/Si p^+/n heterojunctions using pulsed laser induced epitaxy and gas immersion laser doping
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Applied Surface Science 69 (1993), S. 121-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 0169-4332
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0169-4332(93)90492-T
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glucagon-like immunoreactivity in insect corpus cardiacum (1975)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 254 (1975), S. 707-708 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In the best studied insects, the hyperglycaemic hormone functions similarly to glucagon in vertebrates: the hormone increases carbohydrate levels in the circulating haemolymph in vivo and stimulates glycogenolysis and the activation of phosphorylase in the fat body in vitro5-6'17〉18. By several ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/254707a0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of juvenile hormone esterases and carrier proteins in insect development (1975)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 253 (1975), S. 266-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Two closely related forms of the binding protein (CP-1 and CP-2) were purified to homogeneity by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 (0.005 M Tris-HCl, pH 7.3, 0.1 M NaCl), followed by ion-exchange chromatography on Biogel DEAE (0.005 M Tris-HCl, pH 8.3, 0.1-0,14 M NaCl gradient) and preparative ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/253266a0
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Avidin and streptavidin as insecticidal and growth inhibiting dietary proteins (1993)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 69 (1993), S. 97-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: avidin ; streptavidin ; biotin ; insecticide ; stored product insects ; corn borer ; beetles ; moths ; plant resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Avidin was found to be an insecticidal and growth inhibiting dietary protein for five species of Coleoptera (red flour beetle,Tribolium castaneum, confused flour beetle,T. confusum, sawtoothed grain beetle,Oryzaphilus surinamensis, rice weevil,Sitophilus oryzae, and lesser grain borer,Rhyzopertha dominica) and two species of Lepidoptera (European corn borer,Ostrinia nubilalis, and Indianmeal moth,Plodia interpunctella). At levels ranging from 10 to 1000 ppm in the diet depending on the species, avidin retarded the growth and caused mortality of all seven species. Addition of biotin to the avidin-treated diets forT. castaneum, T. confusum, R. dominica, andO. nubilalis prevented the growth inhibition and mortality caused by avidin. Streptavidin exhibited similar insecticidal and growth inhibiting activity towardsT. castaneum andO. nubilalis. The results support the hypothesis that feeding avidin or streptavidin to insects causes a biotin deficiency which in turn leads to stunted growth and mortality. Avidin and streptavidin are insect growth inhibiting proteins whose genes potentially could be manipulated into plants and provide host plant resistance to insect pests.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02380637
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Certified reference material for the quality control of cadmium, copper nickel and zinc determination in estuarine water (CRM 505) (1996)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 354 (1996), S. 397-404 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Analyses of estuarine water samples are routinely carried out by a number of laboratories to monitor the level of environmental contamination by toxic substances, e.g. heavy metals. A series of interlaboratory studies has been organised by the Community Bureau of Reference, BCR (now renamed Standards, Measurements and Testing Programme) to improve the quality of the determinations of selected trace metals in estuarine water samples. The improvement achieved allowed to produce a reference material (CRM 505) which was certified for its content of Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn. Further improvements were considered to be necessary for the certification of other trace elements, e.g. Pb. This material was collected in the Tagus Estuary, carefully prepared (filtered and acidified) and its homogeneity and long term stability were verified. This paper presents the work performed for the certification of Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn. Indicative values are reported for As, Co, Fe, Mn, Pb and V.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s0021663540397
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Catecholamines and related o-diphenols in cockroach hemolymph and cuticle during sclerotization and melanization: comparative studies on the order Dictyoptera (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 160 (1990), S. 175-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-136X
    Keywords: Cockroaches ; Catecholamines ; Diphenols ; Cuticle ; Hemolymph ; Selerotization ; Melanization ; Pigmentation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Catecholamines and related o-diphenols extracted from the cuticle and hemolymph of adult cockroaches during sclerotization and pigmentation of the cuticle were analyzed by reverse phase HPLC with electrochemical detection. At ecdysis, dopamine (DA) oconjugates predominated in the hemolymph of Periplaneta americana, P. australasiae, P. fuliginosa, P. brunnea, and Blatta orientalis (Blattidae); Blattella germanica (Blattellidae); and Gromphadorhina portentosa and Blaberus craniifer (Blaberidae). n-Acetyldopamine (NADA) conjugates were second in abundance in these species, but were major in the hemolymph of the other blaberoid species, Leucophaea maderae and Nauphoeta cinerea. After ecdysis NADA became the major hemolymph catecholamine in all species as DA decreased rapidly. n-β-Alanyldopamine (NBAD) concentrations in the hemolymph remained low in all species, although NBAD and its metabolite, n-β-alanylnorepinephrine (NBANE), were generally the major catecholamines in tanning cuticle. Catechol (1,2-dihydroxybenzene) occurred mainly as a conjugate(s) at high levels in the hemolymph of nymphs and adults of all blattid species. Only trace amounts were detected in B. germanica and Cryptocercus punctulatus (Cryptocercidae), and none was found in any of the blaberoid species. High concentrations of NBANE and NBAD accumulated in tanning cuticle of B. germanica, G. portentosa, and all blattid species, whereas NADA and DA predominated in cuticle from the other blaberoid species, particularly L. maderae and N. cinerea. However, cockroaches as a group appear to utilize both the n-acetyl and n-β-alanyl catecholamines for stabilization of the exoskeleton. The Blattidae differed most from the other families in having considerably higher concentrations of catecholamines in hemolymph and cuticle, as well as the large amounts of catechol conjugates in the hemolymph.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300950
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interlaboratory studies to improve the quality of mercury determination in seawater (1996)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 356 (1996), S. 411-415 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Determinations of pollutants in various matrices are routinely performed by a number of organizations for monitoring contamination levels of the marine environment. Projects for improving the quality of determinations of trace metals in seawater have been successfully concluded within the scope of the BCR-Programme (now renamed Standards, Measurements and Testing Programme) of the European Commission; however, the determination of total mercury could not be considered at this stage both because of the poor analytical performances observed and the unsuitability of the containers (polyethylene) used for the seawater certified reference material (CRM 579). A specific project has therefore been organized to improve the state of the art of Hg determination in seawater and to investigate the best way of storing a candidate CRM. Two interlaboratory studies have been concluded and a certification campaign has now started. The materials have been collected in the Southern Bight of the North Sea, carefully prepared (filtered and acidified) and their homogeneity and stability were verified. This paper presents the results of the two interlaboratory studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s0021663560411
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical investigations of neuropeptides in the brain, corpora cardiaca, and corpora allata of an adult lepidopteran insect, Manduca sexta (L) (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 232 (1983), S. 295-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Insect brain ; Corpus cardiacum/corpus allatum ; Neuropeptides ; Immunohistochemistry ; Tobacco hornworm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the brain of adult specimens of the tobacco hornworm moth, Manduca sexta (L), cells immunoreactive for several kinds of neuropeptides were localized by means of the PAP procedure, by use of antisera raised against mammalian hormones or hormonal peptides. In contrast, no such neurosecretory cells were found in the corpora cardiaca and corpora allata (CC/CA); in the CC/CA, however, immunoreactive nerve fibres were observed, reaching these organs from the brain. The neurosecretory cells found in the brain were immunoreactive with at least one of the following mammalian antisera, namely those raised against the insulin B-chain, somatostatin, glucagon C-terminal, glucagon N-terminal, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), secretin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), gastrin C-terminus, enkephalin, α-and β-endorphin, Substance P, and calcitonin. No cells were immunoreactive with antisera specific for detecting neurons containing the insulin A-chain, nerve growth factor, epidermal growth factor, insulin connecting peptide (C-peptide), polypeptide YY (PYY), gastrin mid-portion (sequence 6–13), cholecystokinin (CCK) mid-portion (sequences 9–20 and 9–25), neurotensin C-terminus, bombesin, motilin, ACTH, or serotonin. All the neuropeptide-immunoreactive cells observed emitted nerve fibers passing through the brain to the CC and in some cases also to the CA. In CC these immunoreactive nerve fibers tended to accumulate near the aorta. It was speculated that neuropeptides are released into the circulating haemolymph and act as neurohormones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213788
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