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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 221 (1969), S. 1126-1128 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Polychlorinated biphenyls are widely used in industry, and they are now making an appearance in the world's wildlife. Besides being a hazard in their own right, they interfere with the detection of organochlorine insecticides such as ...
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 245 (1973), S. 385-386 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Fig. 1 Correlation between mercury and selenium in the livers of marine mammals. O, Dolphins and porpoises; ?, common seal. Cadmium, arsenic, selenium, ;:inc and antimony have been measured in seal tissues by neutron activation analysis9. Selenium was present in relatively high concentrations, ...
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 215 (1967), S. 1094-1096 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] We have tried to evaluate the danger from these chemicals by measuring the concentration of dieldrin in the blood of embryos and in chicks hatching from eggs treated with this compound before incubation. Chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides were injected into the yolk of White Leghorn eggs by the ...
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 5 (1970), S. 164-170 
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 12 (1983), S. 91-97 
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract During tsetse control operations near Bouaflé, Ivory Coast, Africa, a study was made of environmental side-effects of helicopter sprayings with permethrin and deltamethrin on a riverine forest. Terrestrial and aquatic arthropod populations and fish were observed for acute effects. The abundance of the species was assessed by various trapping devices before, during, and after the spraying cycle. Populations of mayfly-larvae and small shrimps (Caridina africana) were virtually eliminated after the spraying cycle. TheEphemeroptera recovered within the same season. Caddis-fly andSimulium-larvae populations were affected but they recovered within each spraying interval. Large shrimps (Macrobrachium vollenhovenii) were paralyzed by the insecticide. Recovery occurred within 48 hr. Among the terrestrial arthropods, the hymenopteran and dipteran populations were significantly affected. No effect was observed on bottom dwelling spiders. The ability of the ecosystems to recover from the disturbance is discussed.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Side-effects of cypermethrin, permethrin, and deltamethrin applications for the control of tsetse flies were studied in a sleeping sickness focus near Bouaflé, Ivory Coast (West Africa). The insecticides were applied by ground-spray on the surrounding vegetation of three villages. Each village was treated with one pyrethroid. Effects on the non-target arthropod fauna were observed by means of regular and multiple sampling before and after treatment in the sprayed villages and in an untreated control village. Malaise traps and pitfall traps were used. Apparently, the three pyrethroids had markedly different side-effects. The spiderAporoptychus lamottei, however, appeared to be affected by all treatments. This species is therefore considered as an indicator for side-effects of pyrethroids used under the given circumstances. In all affected taxa, except in the proctotrupoid genusCremastobaeus, recovery was observed within two months.Muscidae were markedly affected by deltamethrin. The selectivity of this insecticide for tsetse control is discussed.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Previous studies have indicated that chemicals, e.g., hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) decrease plasma thyroxin levels through interaction with transthyretin. As a consequence, plasma vitamin A and thyroxin are depleted. Both thyroxin and vitamin A are important regulators of normal epithelial differentiation and proliferation and might act in the promotion phase of carcinogenesis. In the present report, extracts of indoor and outdoor airborne particulate matter (APM), originating from different pollution sources, were tested for a possible interaction in vitro and in vivo with thyroxin and vitamin A. Results indicated that all APM extracts significantly interfered with thyroxin binding to transthyretin. In all cases, the more polluted samples inhibited binding more than the corresponding control samples. Exposure of rats to a cigarette smoke extract induced clear changes in plasma thyroxin and triiodothyronin hormone levels. Triiodothyronin levels were reduced most. Effects on plasma vitamin A levels were also found, but these were less clear. In addition a decrease in lung vitamin A levels was found, but this decrease was not statistically significant. Exposure of rats to an outdoor APM extract induced significant changes in plasma triiodothyronin levels. Effects on thyroxin levels were not significant, although the same trend was seen as for the cigarette smoke APM extract. No changes in plasma or liver vitamin A concentrations were induced by the outdoor APM extract. Lung vitamin A levels were decreased, but again this decrease was not statistically significant. Taken together, the present report shows that APM extracts have the potency to interfere with thyroid hormone metabolism both in vitro and in vivo and probably with vitamin A metabolism as well. As the thyroxin-transthyretin binding assay is rapid and sensitive, this parameter may be a useful new biomarker for assessing air quality.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 20 (1991), S. 177-182 
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The impact of Furadan 3G applications (carbofuran, granular formulation; dose rate 1 kg a.i./ha) on aquatic macroinvertebrates was studied in irrigated test plots with rice in northern Senegal. Total biomass of macroinvertebrates and numbers of Odonata, Ephemeroptera, Mematocera (Diptera), and Hydrocorisae (Hemiptera) were severely and significantly reduced after treatment, and remained significantly lower than those in control plots until at least 24 days after treatment. No effects could be demonstrated on Veliidae (Hemiptera), Coleoptera, and Arachnida. In anin situ bioassay, Ephemeroptera was the most sensitive taxon, showing 50% mortality at 18–19 days after treatment. Side-effects of carbofuran applications were also observed in frogs and birds; some birds that consumed spilled granules died immediately. Furadan 3G applications, as practiced in the region, causes dramatic effects on many nontarget organisms. Its use is hazardous to wildlife, and it severely reduces the significance of irrigated rice fields as a feeding habitat for birds, including waders, and other insectivorous organisms.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A test system was developed to examine the effects of environmental contaminants on thiamine homeostasis in bird embryos. This system employs fresh chicken egg yolk lipids as a vehicle for use in egg injection studies. Furazolidone, an antibiotic suspected to interfere with thiamine metabolism, was used as a positive control to evaluate the utility of the test system. It was determined that fresh chicken egg yolk lipids were preferable over chemical vehicles as it resulted in lower mortality rates (16% versus 23–62%) and did not induce any observable effects in the embryo. Injection of 1 mg/egg of furazolidone at day 0 of development resulted in decreased respiration followed by death, with mortality rates being twice as high as in carrier controls. In addition, transketolase activity, which was measured as an indicator of thiamine availability in the body, was decreased 25% in brains of 19-day-old embryos. This mechanism may be of importance for effects of environmental contaminants in wild bird populations.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Environmental monitoring and assessment 3 (1983), S. 227-228 
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
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