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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 19 (1987), S. 369-402 
    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 36 (1987), S. 215-227 
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Borawinde entstehen durch kalte, stabile Luft, die über die Dinarischen Alpen fließt und dabei oft heftige Winde entlang der adriatischen Küste erzeugt. Obwohl die Strömung der mit Hilfe der Seichtwassergleichungen beschriebenen hydraulischen Strömung qualitativ ähnlich ist, gibt es bestimmte, signifikante Unterschiede: die kalte, bodennahe Luft ist kontinuierlich geschichtet und charakteristischerweise befindet sich eine kritische Windschicht nahe der Inversion, die den Kältesee abschließt. Mittels zweidimensionaler, numerischer Gebirgswellensimulationen untersuchen wir, in welchem Ausmaß die hydraulische Theorie zur Beschreibung von Borawinden herangezogen werden kann. Wir analysieren die Struktur der Boraströmung, die während der ALPEX-Meßphase am 15. April 1982 vom Flugzeug aus beobachtet wurde, und vergleichen sie mit einer numerischen Situation, die mit Daten aus einer Sondierung im Anströmgebiet initialisiert wird. Durch Variieren der Sondierung in den Simulationen haben wir herausgefunden, daß in diesem Fall weder die kritische noch die Inversionsschicht eine fundamentale dynamische Rolle bei der Entstehung der heftigen Winde entlang des leeseitigen Hanges spielen. Stattdessen scheint die umschlagende Welle unterhalb der Inversion der wichtigste Faktor bei der Erzeugung dieser heftigen Reaktion zu sein. Dieses Umschlagen erzeugt eine sehr schnelle Strömung über dem leeseitigen Hang und gleicht damit stark der hydraulischen Strömung, die sowohl in der Seichtwassertheorie vorkommt, als auch in Simulationen, in denen das Umschlagen unterdrückt wird. Wir glauben, daß der dem “hydraulic jump” ähnliche Mechanismus, der die heftigen Borahangwinde hervorruft, grundsätzlich dem Mechanismus gleicht, der die heftigen Winde entlang der leeseitigen Hänge der Rocky Mountains erzeugt. Und das, obwohl signifikante Unterschiede in den Eigenschaften der großräumigen Strömung in diesen beiden Situationen bestehen.
    Notes: Summary The Bora winds are produced by cold stable air which pours over the Dinaric Alps, often producing intense winds along the Adriatic Coast. Although the flow appears qualitatively similar to the hydraulic flow described by the shallow-water equations, there are certain significant differences: the cold low-level air is continuously stratified and a critical layer in the winds typically occurs near the inversion which caps the cold pool of air. Through two-dimensional numerical mountain wave simulations, we investigate the extent to which hydraulic theory can be used to describe the Bora winds. We analyze the structure of the Bora flow derived from aircraft observations collected during the ALPEX field phase on 15 April 1982 and compare it with a numerical simulation initialized from upstream sounding data. By varying the environmental sounding in our simulations, we find that for this case, neither the critical layer nor the inversion layer play a fundamental dynamical role in generating the strong winds along the lee slope. Instead, the wave overturning which occurs beneath the inversion appears to be the most important factor in producing the strong response. This overturning produces shooting flow over the lee slope and strongly resembles the hydraulic flow which occurs both in shallow water theory and in simulations in which over-turning is suppressed. We believe the hydraulic jump-like mechanism producing the strong Bora slope winds is fundamentally similar to the underlying mechanism which produces the intense winds along the lee slope of the Rocky Mountains. This occurs despite significant differences in the character of the larger scale flow in these two situations.
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2017-04-17
    Description: Cut cells use regular or nearly regular polygonal cells to describe fields. For a given orography, some cells may be completely under the mountain, some completely above the mountain, and some are partially filled with air. While there are reports indicating considerably improved simulations with cut cells, inaccuracies may arise with some approximations, producing noise in fields near the surface. This behavior may depend strongly on the approximations made for the advection terms near the surface. This paper investigates the accuracy of advection for numerical schemes for a nondivergent flow near a mountain surface. The schemes use C-grid staggering with densities located at cell centers or on the corners of cells. Also, a nonconserving scheme is considered, which was used in the past with real-data cut-cell simulations. Since the cut cells near the surface create an irregular resolution, the accuracy and order of some approximations may break down near the surface. The objective of this paper is to find schemes having the same accuracy for advection near the surface as in the interior of the domain. As a test problem, uniform advection by a nondivergent velocity field is used with a 45° slope mountain (represented as a straight line) on a rectangular grid. Along the surface a sequence of triangular and pentagonal cells of quite different sizes are generated. Some schemes being discussed for cut cells lead to inaccurate and noisy solutions for this perfectly smooth mountain. A scheme using piecewise linear basis functions in a C grid with density points at the cell corners avoids these inaccuracies.
    Print ISSN: 0027-0644
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-0493
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 1987-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0177-7971
    Electronic ISSN: 1436-5065
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1987-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0066-4189
    Electronic ISSN: 1545-4479
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Published by Annual Reviews
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1982-06-01
    Print ISSN: 0027-0644
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-0493
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2008-10-01
    Print ISSN: 0027-0644
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-0493
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1979-11-28
    Description: Solutions to Long's equation for a stably stratified incompressible fluid traversing a mountain range are obtained for various terrain shapes and amplitudes when the horizontal scale is large compared to the vertical wavelength. Nonlinear lower and upper (radiative) boundary conditions are utilized and found to have a strong influence on the wave structure at large amplitudes. The results for symmetric and asymmetric mountain profiles reveal that the wave amplitude and wave drag are significantly enhanced for mountains with gentle windward and steep leeward slopes. These results confirm and explain those obtained by Raymond (1972) using a different solution method. Several results obtained by Smith (1977) from perturbation analysis are also confirmed and extended to large amplitudes. The methods are also applied to investigate the nonlinear nature of the singularity predicted by linear theory for flow over a step. © 1979, Cambridge University Press
    Print ISSN: 0022-1120
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-7645
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2011-04-08
    Description: Nearly all analytical models of lock-exchange flow are based on the shallow-water approximation. Since the latter approximation fails at the leading edges of the mutually intruding fluids of lock-exchange flow, solutions to the shallow-water equations can be obtained only through the specification of front conditions. In the present paper, analytic solutions to the shallow-water equations for non-Boussinesq lock-exchange flow are given for front conditions deriving from free-boundary arguments. Analytic solutions are also derived for other proposed front conditions - conditions which appear to the shallow-water system as forced boundary conditions. Both solutions to the shallow-water equations are compared with the numerical solutions of the Navier†"Stokes equations and a mixture of successes and failures is recorded. The apparent success of some aspects of the forced solutions of the shallow-water equations, together with the fact that in a real fluid the density interface is a free boundary, shows the need for an improved theory of lock-exchange flow taking into account non-hydrostatic effects for density interfaces intersecting rigid boundaries. © 2011 Cambridge University Press.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1120
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-7645
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2011-04-08
    Print ISSN: 0022-1120
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-7645
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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