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  • 1
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Transformation of precipitation time series of climate change impact studies (1995)
    DeBilt : Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut
    Associated volumes
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    Call number: PIK N 454-04-0047
    In: Scientific reports
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: V, 63 S.
    ISBN: 9036920701
    Series Statement: Scientific report 95-01
    Location: A 18 - must be ordered
    Branch Library: PIK Library
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regression model for generating time series of daily precipitation amounts for climate change impact studies (1996)
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 10 (1996), S. 87-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Keywords: Climate change ; daily precipitation modelling ; generalized linear models ; iteratively reweighted least squares ; spline functions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The precipitation amounts on wet days at De Bilt (the Netherlands) are linked to temperature and surface air pressure through advanced regression techniques. Temperature is chosen as a covariate to use the model for generating synthetic time series of daily precipitation in a CO2 induced warmer climate. The precipitation-temperature dependence can partly be ascribed to the phenomenon that warmer air can contain more moisture. Spline functions are introduced to reproduce the non-monotonous change of the mean daily precipitation amount with temperature. Because the model is non-linear and the variance of the errors depends on the expected response, an iteratively reweighted least-squares technique is needed to estimate the regression coefficients. A representative rainfall sequence for the situation of a systematic temperature rise is obtained by multiplying the precipitation amounts in the observed record with a temperature dependent factor based on a fitted regression model. For a temperature change of 3°C (reasonable guess for a doubled CO2 climate according to the present-day general circulation models) this results in an increase in the annual average amount of 9% (20% in winter and 4% in summer). An extended model with both temperature and surface air pressure is presented which makes it possible to study the additional effects of a potential systematic change in surface air pressure on precipitation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01581761
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simple Temperature Scenario for a Gulf Stream Induced Climate Change (1997)
    Springer
    Climatic change 37 (1997), S. 505-512 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1480
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Consequences of a Gulf Stream induced ocean surface cooling for the temperature climate of Western Europe were studied by means of a conditional perturbation of the observed daily temperature time series of the Netherlands. On days with advection of airmasses of maritime origin, the observed temperatures in the series were lowered with a fixed value, representing the influence of a cooler Atlantic Ocean. On the other days, the observed temperatures were left unchanged. The perturbation results in a decrease in the mean temperature that is almost constant over the year, and in a change in the standard deviation of the daily temperatures that is seasonally dependent. Due to preferential cooling of warm winter days, the standard deviation decreases in the winter, whereas in the other seasons the standard deviation increases as a result of preferential cooling of days with low temperatures. Although this ocean cooling scenario indicates an increase of the relative frequency of cold winters and cool summers, it is neither characterized by the occurrence of winters with unprecedented low temperatures nor by the disappearance of summer heatwaves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005341324954
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  • 4
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    Regression model for generating time series of daily precipitation amounts for climate change impact studies (1996)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-05-01
    Print ISSN: 1436-3240
    Electronic ISSN: 1436-3259
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Springer
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  • 5
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    Synoptic messages to extend climate data records (2012)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2012-04-05
    Description: Synoptic messages (SYNOP) exchanged internationally for operational weather forecasting are regularly used to extend validated (quality controlled) daily climate time series to the present day, despite differences in measuring intervals and lack of validation. Here we focus on the effect of this on derived climate indices of extremes in Europe. Validated time series are taken from the European Climate Assessment & Dataset (ECA&D). Validated data and SYNOP over the period 01 April 1982 to 31 December 2004 are compared. The distribution of the difference series of validated data and SYNOP is skewed. Generally, minimum temperatures are lower or equal in the validated series, while maximum temperatures are higher or equal. This is at least partly due to the 24-hour (validated data) versus 12-hour (SYNOP) measuring intervals. The precipitation results are dependent on the difference between the measuring intervals of both time series. Time series of indices of extremes exhibit a non-climatic inhomogeneity for several indices when SYNOP are used to extend the validated series, leading to spurious trends. The sizes of the trends in pure validated and pure SYNOP series are generally in good agreement, but the absolute values of the indices show an offset. Accepting a trend error of 10%, the averaged winter minimum and maximum temperature and the number of tropical nights (minimum temperature 〉20°C) in summer allow only a very small fraction of SYNOP in the extended series (about 5–10%), while for the other indices studied here a larger fraction can be used (up to 50%).
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 6
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    Relationship Between Sunshine Duration and Temperature Trends Across Europe Since the Second Half of the 20th Century (2015)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-07
    Description: Global radiation is a fundamental source of energy in the climate system. A significant impact of global radiation on temperature change is expected due to the widespread dimming/brightening phenomenon observed since the second half of the 20th century. This work describes the analysis of 312 stations with sunshine duration (SD) series, a proxy for global radiation, and temperature series in the European Climate Assessment & Dataset (ECA&D) with data over the period 1961–2010. The relationship between SD and temperature series is analysed for four temperature variables: maximum (Tmax), minimum (Tmin), mean temperature (Tmean), and diurnal temperature range (DTR). The analyses are performed on annual and seasonal basis. The results show strong positive correlations between SD and temperatures over Europe, with highest correlation for DTR and Tmax during the summer period. These results confirm the strong relationship between SD and temperature trends over Europe since the second half of the 20th century. This study supports previous suggestions that dimming (brightening) has partially decreased (increased) temperatures thereby modulating the greenhouse gas induced warming rates over Europe.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 7
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    A European daily high-resolution observational gridded data set of sea level pressure (2011)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-06-08
    Description: In this study we introduce a daily high-resolution land-only observational gridded data set for sea level pressure covering the European region as a new addition to the E-OBS gridded data sets of daily temperatures and precipitation amounts. This data set improves upon existing products in terms of spatial resolution and extent. The data set is delivered on the same four spatial resolutions as the other E-OBS data sets: 0.25° by 0.25° and 0.5° by 0.5° on a regular latitude-longitude grid and 0.22° by 0.22° and 0.44° by 0.44° on a rotated pole grid. We show that there is a good agreement in the long-term mean and standard deviation with popular reanalysis grids. In areas with a relatively high number of stations, the gridded data is closer to the station data than the reanalysis products. There is also a very good agreement with daily weather charts for selected storm events.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 8
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    The effects of urbanization on the rise of the European temperature since 1960 (2014)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2014-10-25
    Description: The effects of urbanization on the rise of the European daily mean temperature is quantified by comparing European averaged temperatures based on all meteorological stations in the European Climate Assessment & Dataset with those based on three subsets of stations: from rural areas, from areas with low growth in urbanization and with stations characterized by relatively low temperature increase. Land cover information is obtained using the CORINE dataset, showing that most stations (75%) have a small percentage (up to 10%) of urban area within a 10 km radius and 81% saw no more than 1% change in urbanization between 1990 and 2006. The results show that urbanization explains 0.0026 °C/decade of the annual-averaged pan-European temperature trend of 0.179 °C/decade. This trend has a strong seasonality, being the largest in summer. Averaged over time, the effects of urbanization on the European-averaged temperature has a strong seasonality as well.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 9
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    Preparing local climate change scenarios for the Netherlands using resampling of climate model output (2014)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-11-15
    Description: A method to prepare a set of four climate scenarios for the Netherlands is presented. These scenarios for climate change in 2050 and 2085 (compared to present-day) are intended for general use in climate change adaptation in the Netherlands. An ensemble of eight simulations with the global model EC-Earth and the regional climate model RACMO2 (run at 12 km resolution) is used. For each scenario time horizon, two target values of the global mean temperature rise are chosen based on the spread in the CMIP5 simulations. Next, the corresponding time periods in the EC-Earth/RACMO2 simulations are selected in which these target values of the global temperature rise are reached. The model output for these periods is then resampled using blocks of 5 yr periods. The rationale of resampling is that natural variations in the EC-Earth/RACMO2 ensemble are used to represent (part of the) uncertainty in the CMIP5 projections. Samples are then chosen with the aim of reconstructing the spread in s...
    Print ISSN: 1748-9318
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-9326
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 10
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    Atmosphere, Vol. 9, Pages 353: Quantifying the Effect of Different Urban Planning Strategies on Heat Stress for Current and Future Climates in the Agglomeration of The Hague (The Netherlands) (2018)
    MDPI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: In the Netherlands, there will be an urgent need for additional housing by the year 2040, which mainly has to be realized within the existing built environment rather than in the spatial extension of cities. In this data-driven study, we investigated the effects of different urban planning strategies on heat stress for the current climate and future climate scenarios (year 2050) for the urban agglomeration of The Hague. Heat stress is here expressed as the number of days exceeding minimum temperatures of 20 °C in a year. Thereto, we applied a diagnostic equation to determine the daily maximum urban heat island based on routine meteorological observations and straightforward urban morphological properties including the sky-view factor and the vegetation fraction. Moreover, we utilized the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute’s (KNMI) climate scenarios to transform present-day meteorological hourly time series into the future time series. The urban planning strategies differ in replacing low- and mid-rise buildings with high-rise buildings (which reduces the sky-view factor), and constructing buildings on green areas (which reduces the vegetation fraction). We found that, in most cases, the vegetation fraction is a more critical parameter than the sky-view factor to minimize the extra heat stress incurred when densifying the neighbourhood. This means that an urban planning strategy consisting of high-rise buildings and preserved green areas is often the best solution. Still, climate change will have a larger impact on heat stress for the year 2050 than the imposed urban densification.
    Electronic ISSN: 2073-4433
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by MDPI
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