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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rate control for electron gun evaporation (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 60 (1989), S. 1177-1183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Principles for obtaining high-quality rate control for electron gun evaporation are discussed. The design criteria for rate controllers are derived from this analysis. Results are presented which have been obtained with e-guns whose evaporation rate is controlled by a Wehnelt electrode or by sweeping of the electron beam. Further improvements of rate stability can be obtained by improved design of e-guns and power supplies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1140282
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resistive transition of niobium superconducting hot-electron bolometer mixers (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 73 (1998), S. 2826-2828 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We present a model for the description of the resistive transition in hot-electron bolometer mixers. We show that the transition is a property of a superconducting microbridge connected to normal conducting cooling pads. Using the concepts of the superconducting proximity effect, charge-imbalance generation, and Andreev reflection, we have calculated the resistance versus temperature of the device and demonstrate its dependence on the length of the microbridge, both theoretically and experimentally. The analysis reopens the question of the relationship between the resistive transition and the situation in which the device is optimally operated as a heterodyne mixer. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.122603
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A spin triplet supercurrent through the half-metallic ferromagnet CrO 2 (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 439 (2006), S. 825-827 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In general, conventional superconductivity should not occur in a ferromagnet, though it has been seen in iron under pressure. Moreover, theory predicts that the current is always carried by pairs of electrons in a spin singlet state, so conventional superconductivity decays very rapidly when in ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature04499
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coulomb-blockade transport in single-crystal organic thin-film transistors (2000)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 404 (2000), S. 977-980 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Coulomb-blockade transport—whereby the Coulomb interaction between electrons can prohibit their transport around a circuit—occurs in systems in which both the tunnel resistance, RT, between neighbouring sites is large (≫h/e2) and the charging energy, ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35010073
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hot electron tunable supercurrent (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 72 (1998), S. 966-968 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A Josephson junction has been realized in which the supercurrent flow is regulated by a "normal" control current traversing the normal metal in between the superconducting electrodes. The principle of operation of the devices is based on the existing relation between the magnitude of the supercurrent and the electronic distribution function in the junction. This method for controlling the supercurrent has clear advantages over other known methods and is relevant for superconducting electronics applications. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.120612
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photon-assisted tunneling in double-barrier superconducting tunnel junctions (1994)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 64 (1994), S. 921-923 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Double-barrier Nb/Al2O3/Al/Al2O3/Nb tunnel junctions are used as mixing elements in a 345 GHz waveguide mixer. Noise temperatures (double side band) down to 720 K at 3.0 K are obtained without the need to apply a magnetic field to suppress the Josephson current. It is shown that the composite barrier acts as a single barrier for photon-assisted tunneling. Surprisingly, at these frequencies the capacitance of two stacked tunnel barriers is only determined by one barrier.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.110996
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intrinsic charge transport properties of an organic single crystal determined using a multiterminal thin-film transistor (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 73 (1998), S. 3884-3886 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We present an experimental approach to determine the intrinsic field-effect mobility in an organic single crystal as a function of the in-plane crystal-axis direction. Using a multiterminal geometry the experiment also excludes the effects of the contact resistances on the transport properties. We have applied the method to quaterthiophene thin films. At gate voltages above the threshold voltage, the channel conductance varies linearly with the applied gate voltage. The resulting charge carrier mobility is 1.2×10−3 cm2/V s. This value is constant over a period of weeks of continuous operation and does not vary from sample to sample, in contrast to the typically observed lower mobilities of polycrystalline quaterthiophene thin-film transistor devices. These results emphasize the need for well-characterized model systems to study the intrinsic transport properties of organic materials. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.122924
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extensive test of the three-port quantum mixer theory on 345 GHz superconductor-insulator-superconductor mixers (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 4762-4773 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Predictions of the three-port model of the quantum theory of mixing are compared with measured results on 345 GHz superconductor-insulator-superconductor waveguide mixers. Single Nb-Al2O3-Nb tunnel junctions or two or four identical junctions in series are used as mixing elements. Two different waveguide mixerblocks, one with two tuners and another with one tuner, are used. In addition a single junction with integrated tuning stub is analyzed. Embedding impedances are obtained from fits to the pumped I-V curves for all three types of mixing elements. In all cases the dependence of mixer conversion and mixer noise on bias voltage, pump power, and embedding impedance is well described by the three-port model. The measured mixer gain is lower than the calculated gain by a factor of 0.35–0.65, independent of the type of mixer. The use of an additional integrated tuning element does not change this factor. It is concluded that an excess noise power equivalent with a blackbody source of 40–65 K must be added to the mixer noise to account for the absolute value of the observed noise power.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.354347
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Schottky barrier and contact resistance at a niobium/silicon interface (1989)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 54 (1989), S. 1048-1050 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Electrical transport properties of niobium-silicon contacts are reported over a wide doping range. It is found that a short low-energy argon plasma sputtering of the silicon surface prior to metal deposition lowers the Schottky barrier height by 0.12 eV, without degrading diode ideality. This result is interpreted as a partial explanation for the dependence of the superconducting proximity effect in semiconductors on sputter cleaning.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.100793
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Superconducting resonator circuits at frequencies above the gap frequency (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 1795-1804 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The frequency response of three superconductive niobium resonating circuits, formed by a Nb microstrip and a Nb tunnel junction, is measured and analyzed at frequencies above the superconducting gap frequency. The circuits are placed in a waveguide system and the frequency response is determined with a Fourier transform spectrometer. The calculated and measured resonance frequencies and bandwidths are in good agreement with the extreme anomalous limit of the Mattis–Bardeen theory on the anomalous skin effect in superconductors [D.C. Mattis and J. Bardeen, Phys. Rev. 111, 412 (1958)]. The observed loss is higher than predicted by this theory, in agreement with previous observations on Nb films. The use of other materials for striplines as tuning circuits for heterodyne superconducting tunnel junction mixers is analyzed. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.358876
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