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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microelectrode studies of amphotericin B on Na^+ and K^+ conductance in bullfrog cornea
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Biomembranes 982 (1989), S. 73-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 0005-2736
    Keywords: (R. catesbeiana cornea) ; Amphotericin B ; Ion conductance ; Membrane potential ; Microelectrode technique
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-2736(89)90175-2
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlation between oxygen-hole concentration and T"c in YBa"2Cu"3O"7"-"δ from Cu-L"I"I"I X-ray absorption
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physica B: Physics of Condensed Matter 158 (1989), S. 446-449 
    Details
    ISSN: 0921-4526
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0921-4526(89)90342-6
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur kenntnis von AlF3 und InF3 [1]
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 24 (1984), S. 327-340 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-1139
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022-1139(00)81321-4
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of methods of estimating ammonia volatilization in the field (1988)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 15 (1988), S. 55-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: urea ; ammonia volatilization ; urea hydrolysis ; soil water content
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Accurate estimation of the potential for NH3 volatilization from urea-based fertilizers is an important step in attaining optimum N-use efficiency from these fertilizers. Published estimates of NH3 volatilization losses from urea vary widely. Much of this variability may be due to the method of estimation and the degree of influence of the method on NH3 loss. This study compared two field methods of estimating NH3 volatilization in the field; a microplot-forced draft method, and a micrometeorogical method. Loss of NH3 was estimated in three experiments following urea solution application to bare soil, and in two experiments following urea-ammonium nitrate solution application to wheat stubble residue. Both methods were found to be sensitive to soil and climatic variables influencing NH3 volatilization. Cumulative N loss from the bare soil experiments ranged from 7 to 8 kg N ha−1 for the microplot method and from 5 to 20 kg N ha−1 for the micrometeorological method. Cumulative loss from wheat stubble residue ranged from 2 to 2.2 kg N ha−1 for the microplot method and from 15 to 33 kg N ha−1 for the micrometerological method. Loss of NH3 was especially influenced by soil or residue water content and the influence of water content on the rate of urea hydrolysis. Maximum rates of loss were generally observed near midday, when water content at the soil surface was just beginning to decline and the surface temperature was rapidly rising. The microplot method was found to have a greater potential for affecting the environment and thus influencing NH3 loss measurements than the micrometeorological method. Windspeed and mixing at the soil surface was influenced by the presence of the microplot cylinder and lid, especially in the wheat residue experiments. It is likely that the micrometeorological method, with its minimal influence on the field environment, more accurately reflects actual levels of ammonia loss. The primary advantage of the microplotforced draft method is its ability to easily compare relative NH3 losses from different treatments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01049187
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Review and simplification of calculations in15N tracer studies (1989)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 20 (1989), S. 11-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: Nitrogen ; nitrogen isotopes ; fertilizers ; 15N balance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Calculations in nitrogen (N) balance research using15N involve several steps that require care to avoid errors. The objective of this paper is to provide examples of these calculations using established procedures and to present shortened alternative calculations that give the same result. The calculations examined include determination of the amount of N to apply, determination of the atom %15N abundance needed in the labeled fertilizer, preparation of the labeled fertilizer, and calculation of the fertilizer N recovered. Calculations needed in the preparation of the labeled fertilizer using established procedures include the determination of the mean atomic weight of the enriched source from which the labeled fertilizer is prepared. This determination is not needed in the shortened alternative calculations, because the procedure places the calculations on a mole basis rather than a mass basis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01055396
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Kenntnis des Systems CsF/CuF2: Cs4Cu3F10Professor Heinrich Nöth zum 60. Geburtstage am 20. Juni 1988 gewidmet (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 561 (1988), S. 12-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On the System CsF/CuF2: Cs4Cu3F10.By annealing of CsF and CuF2 under dried Ar [closed Au-tube, 630°C, 190 d] we received single crystals of hitherto unknown Cs4Cu3F10. They are nearly colorless, a blue tint is barely perceptible. The new fluoride crystallizes in the triclinic system (P1) with: a = 850.5(3) pm, b = 774.0(3) pm, c = 626.8(3) pm, α = 113.92(4)°, β = 111.84(4)°, γ = 103.12(4)° and Z = 1. Characteristical are units of three face shared octahedrons [Cu3F12]. The distances d(Cu—F) are ranging from 186.5 to 225.1 pm.The Madelung Part of Lattice Energie, MAPLE, is calculated and discussed, just so Effective Coordination Numbers, ECoN, these via Mean Fictive Ionic Radii, MEFIR.
    Notes: Erstmals konnten Einkristalle von Cs4Cu3F10 durch Tempern [geschlossenes Au-Rohr, 630°C, 190 d, alles unter Ar] von CsF und CuF2 erhalten werden. Sie sind fast farblos, ein Stich ins Blaue ist kaum merklich. Das neue Fluorocuprat(II) kristallisiert triklin (P1) mit: a = 850,5(3) pm, b = 774,0(3) pm, c = 626,8(3) pm, α = 113,92(4)°, β = 111,84(4)° und γ = 103,12(4)°, Z = 1. In charakteristischen [Cu3F12]-Einheiten sind drei Oktaeder flächenverknüpft. Die Abstände d(Cu—F) variieren von 186,5 bis 225,1 pm.Der Madelunganteil der Gitterenergie, MAPLE, wird (wie auch Effective Koordinationszahlen, ECoN, diese über Mittlere Fiktive Ionenradien, MEFIR) berechnet und diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19885610103
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Kenntnis des Systems CsF/CuF2: Cs2[CuF4]Professor Paul Hagenmuller zum 65. Geburtstage am 3. August 1986 gewidmet (1986)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 540 (1986), S. 135-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The System CsF/CuF2: On Cs2[CuF4]For the first time Cs2[CuIIF4] has been prepared by thermal decomposition of Cs2Rb[CuIIIF6] as transparent pale bluish single crystals [closed Cu-tube, 540°C, 100 d, under carefully dried Ar]. It crystallizes in the tetragonal system with a = 440.26(5) pm, c = 1 403.2(5) pm, c/a = 3.19, Z = 2, dpyk = 4.89 g · cm-3, dx = 4.941 g · cm-3, zCs = 0.3544(1), zF(1) = 0.1399(7) and xF(2) = 0.439(3) for splitposition 8(i), isotypic to K2[NiF4] - spcgr. I4/mmm-D4h17 no. 139.The Madelung Part of Lattice Energy, MAPLE, is calculated, Just so Effective Coordination Numbers, ECoN, these via Mean Fictive Ionic Radii, MEFIR.
    Notes: Durch thermischen Abbau von Cs2Rb[CuF6] konnten erstmals blaßblaue durchsichtige Einkristalle von Cs2[CuF4] erhalten werden [geschlossenes Cu-Bömbchen, 100 d, 540°C, alles unter Ar]. Es liegt der K2[NiF4]-Typ mit „normalen“ Gitterkonstanten vor: 14/mmm-D4h17, a = 440,26(5) pm, c = 1 403,2(5) pm, c/a = 3,19, Z = 2, dpyk = 4,89 g · cm-3, dx = 4,941 g · cm-3. Es ist zCs = 0,3544(1), zF(1) = 0,1399(7) und xF(2) = 0,439(3) für Splitposition 8(i).Der Madelunganteil der Gitterenergie, MAPLE, wird (wie auch Effektive Koordinationszahlen, ECoN, diese über Mittlere Fiktive Ionenradien, MEFIR) berechnet.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19865400915
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Konstitution von Cs2K[CuF6] [1]Professor Wilhelm Klemm † gewidmet (1986)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 532 (1986), S. 17-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On the Structure of Cs2K[CuF6]By annealing of powder preparations under carefully dried Ar, [closed Cu-tube, 540°C, 100 d] for the first time we received single crystals of Cs2K[CuF6], a fluoride with copper in oxidation state +3. The pale blue-green single crystals were transparent and of irregular habitus. In accordance with single-crystal studies we found as supposed by us spcgrp. Oh5 - Fm3m No. 225 - a = 889.4 pm. The determining parameter of the structure, zF = 0.2060, leads to unexpected short distances: d(Cu-F) = 183.3 pm (previously presumed: 193 pm).The Madelung part of Lattice Energy, MAPLE, is calculated. We try to appreciate ΔH2980(CuF3, solid), just so Effective Coordination Numbers, ECoN, these via Mean Fictive Ionic Radii, MEFIR.
    Notes: Durch Tempern von Pulverpräparaten Cs2K[CuF6] unter sorgfältig getrocknetem Ar [geschlossenes Cu-Bömbchen, 540°C, 100 d] erhielten wir erstmals Einkristalle mit dreiwertigem Kupfer. Die transparenten, unregelmäßigen Einkristalle von blaßblaugrüner Farbe kristallisieren nach Einkristalldaten, wie vermutet, kubisch, a = 889,4 pm, Oh5  -  Fm3m im Elpasolith-Typ. Der strukturbestimmende Parameter, zF = 0,2060, führt zu unerwartet kurzen Abständen d(Cu-F) = 183,3 pm (zuvor angenommen: 193 pm).Der Madelunganteil der Gitterenergie, MAPLE, wird berechnet und versucht, ΔH2980(CuF3, fest) abzuschätzen, ebenso Effektive Koordinationszahlen, ECoN, diese über Mittlere Fiktive Ionenradien, MEFIR.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19865320104
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Kristallstruktur von KCuCrF6 (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 557 (1988), S. 161-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Crystal Structure of KCuCrF6KCuCrF6 has been prepared for the first time as green single crystals [annealing of KF, CuF2 and CrF3 in a closed Au-tube, 750°C, 60 d under dried Ar]. KCuCrF6 crystallizes in the monoclinic system (P21/c) with: a = 726.6 pm, b = 994.6 pm, c = 676.9 pm, β = 92.79°, Z = 4, dx = 3.64 g · cm-3 (1355 I0(hkl), MoKα, R = 10.3%, Rw = 5.9%). Parameters see in the text. The present structure shows relationship to the orthorhombic CsAgFeF6-type (spcgrp. P nma).The Madelung Part of Lattice Energy, MAPLE, is calculated, just so Effektive Coordination Numbers, ECoN, these via Mean Fictive Ionic Radii, MEFIR.
    Notes: Erstmals wurden grüne Einkristalle von KCuCrF6 [durch Tempern von KF, CuF2 und CrF3 im Au-Rohr, 750°C, 60 d] dargestellt und deren Struktur aufgeklärt. KCuCrF6 kristallisiert monoklin  -  Rgr. P21/c  -  mit: a = 726,6 pm, b = 994,6 pm, c = 676,9 pm, β = 92,79°, Z = 4, dx = 3,64 g · cm-3 (Vierkreisdiffraktometer PW 1100, Fa. Philips, MoKα, ω-scan, 1355 I0(hkl), R = 10,3% und Rw = 5,9%). Parameter siehe Text. Der auftretende Strukturtyp zeigt Verwandtschaft zum orthorhombischen CsAgFeF6-Typ (Rgr. P nma).Der Madelunganteil der Gitterenergie, MAPLE, wird berechnet, ebenso Effektive Koordinationszahlen, ECoN, diese über Mittlere Fiktive Ionenradien, MEFIR.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19885570117
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über Fluoride mit vierwertigem Kupfer: Cs2[CuF6] (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 559 (1988), S. 40-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On Fluorides with Tetravalent Copper: Cs2[CuF6]For the first time we received single crystals of Cs2[CuF6] [400°C, 5 weaks; 250°C, 1 weak; 3 ml F2/2 ml Ar: p at about 350 bars] and solved its structure. Cs2[CuF6] crystallizes in the tetragonal system - space group I4/mmm (D174h) with: a = 628.28 pm; c = 888.51 pm; c/a = 1.4142; Z = 2. Parameters see in the text. The present structure shows relationship to the cubic K2[PtCl6]-type.Cs2[CuF6] is paramagnetic and follows (13.1-251.3 K) the Curie-Weiss law. The value for Θ is -1.4 ± 2.2 K. For the magnetic moment we observed μeff = 1.77 μB (251.3 K) as we expected (1.73 μB, “spin-only”).The Madelung Part of Lattice Energy, MAPLE, is calculated, just so Effective Coordination Numbers, ECoN, these via Mean Fictive Ionic Radii, MEFIR.
    Notes: Von Cs2[CuF6] wurden erstmals Einkristalle mit vierwertigem Kupfer erhalten [400°C, 5 Wochen; 250°C, 1 Woche; 3 ml F2/2 ml Ar: p etwa 350 bar] und an diesen die Struktur aufgeklärt. Cs2[CuF6] kristallisiert tetragonal - Rgr. I4/mmm (D174h) - mit: a = 628,28 pm; c = 888,51 pm; c/a = 1,4142; Z = 2(Parameter siehe Text). Die Struktur zeigt Verwandtschaft zum kubischen K2[PtCl6]-Typ. Die ermittelten Abstände d(Cu—F) - 4 × 175,0 pm und 2 × 177,2 pm - haben ein elongiertes Oktaeder als Koordinationspolyeder um Cu4+ zur Folge.Cs2[CuF6] ist paramagnetisch und befolgt (13,1-251,3 K) das Curie-Weiß-Gesetz mit Θ = -1,4 ± 2,2 K. Das beobachtete magnetische Moment liegt mit μeff = 1,77 μB (251,3 K) dicht bei dem erwarteten Wert (1,73 μB, “spin-only”).Der Madelunganteil der Gitterenergie, MAPLE, wird berechnet, ebenso Effektive Koordinationszahlen, ECoN, diese über Mittlere Fiktive Ionenradien, MEFIR.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19885590104
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