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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship between N immobilization and volatile fatty acids in soil after application of pig and cattle slurry (1993)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 15 (1993), S. 161-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Acetate ; Propionate ; Butyrate ; N immobilization ; Animal slurry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A laboratory study was performed to determine decomposition of fatty acids and mineralization of C and N from slurries in soil. Fatty acids present in slurries decomposed within 1–2 days at 25°C in soil. Parallel to the fatty acid decomposition, immobilization of N was measured in soil. The correlation between the initial fatty acid concentrations in the slurries and the amounts of N immobilized were found to be highly significant (R 2=0.97). It was concluded that fatty acids act as an easily decomposable C source for microorganisms and cause immobilization of N. Immobilization of N was followed by a curvilinear mineralization of N in all slurrytreated soils. Despite mineralization, only fresh pig slurry and anaerobically digested pig slurry showed a net release of N over 70 days whereas cattle slurry and anaerobically fermented pig slurry did not. The percentage of slurry C evolved during 70 days was fresh pig slurry, 65%; anaerobically fermented pig slurry, 48%; anaerobically digested pig slurry, 45%; and anaerobically fermented cattle slurry, 42%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00361605
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biomethylation of Tl(I) compounds
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Inorganica Chimica Acta 29 (1978), S. L249-L250 
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-1693
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0020-1693(00)89608-5
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observed and Predicted 90 Sr and 137 Cs Levels in Milk (1971)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 230 (1971), S. 595-595 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In the United Kingdom, the data provided from an extensive country-wide survey led Bartlett et al.2 to introduce a third term into this equation, which becomes C=prFr+plFl+ pdFd where Fl is the deposit in the last half of the previous year and/?/ is the "lag-rate" factor. As Stievenart et al.3 ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/230595a0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen and sulphur management: challenges for organic sources in temperate agricultural systems (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 21 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. A current global trend towards intensification or specialization of agricultural enterprises has been accompanied by increasing public awareness of associated environmental consequences. Air and water pollution from losses of nutrients, such as nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S), are a major concern. Governments have initiated extensive regulatory frameworks, including various land use policies, in an attempt to control or reduce the losses. This paper presents an overview of critical input and loss processes affecting N and S for temperate climates, and provides some background to the discussion in subsequent papers evaluating specific farming systems. Management effects on potential gaseous and leaching losses, the lack of synchrony between supply of nutrients and plant demand, and options for optimizing the efficiency of N and S use are reviewed. Integration of inorganic and organic fertilizer inputs and the equitable re-distribution of nutrients from manure are discussed. The paper concludes by highlighting a need for innovative research that is also targeted to practical approaches for reducing N and S losses, and improving the overall synchrony between supply and demand.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2005.tb00112.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recycling municipal wastes in the future: from organic to inorganic forms? (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 21 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. This paper highlights the principal problems related to the recycling of municipal wastes to arable land and outlines future solutions. History reveals that transport of sewage with water was introduced early (2500 bc), but only some Asian societies, which did not utilize sewage flushing, redistributed toilet wastes to arable land effectively. Nutrient flow analyses in developed countries indicate a withdrawal of 20 kg N and 3 kg P ha−1 yr−1 from arable land because of non-return of organic human wastes. Limited reuse of municipal organic wastes in agriculture in several European countries is often seen as a question of waste quality. However, we believe that despite acceptable quality levels only minor progress in recycling has been achieved. Higher water contents in organic wastes than in harvested crops and, consequently, high costs for drying or transportation of wastes, often in combination with non-optimal plant nutrient composition, will remain the bottleneck which restricts the recycling of nutrients in wastes. One solution is to extract nutrients out of organic wastes and thereby derive concentrated compounds similar to those in inorganic fertilizers that can be redistributed and applied to soil. The challenge for modern sewage treatment systems is to shift perspective from removal to recovery of nutrients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2005.tb00119.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen and sulphur management: challenges for organic sources in temperate agricultural systems (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 21 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. A current global trend towards intensification or specialization of agricultural enterprises has been accompanied by increasing public awareness of associated environmental consequences. Air and water pollution from losses of nutrients, such as nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S), are a major concern. Governments have initiated extensive regulatory frameworks, including various land use policies, in an attempt to control or reduce the losses. This paper presents an overview of critical input and loss processes affecting N and S for temperate climates, and provides some background to the discussion in subsequent papers evaluating specific farming systems. Management effects on potential gaseous and leaching losses, the lack of synchrony between supply of nutrients and plant demand, and options for optimizing the efficiency of N and S use are reviewed. Integration of inorganic and organic fertilizer inputs and the equitable re-distribution of nutrients from manure are discussed. The paper concludes by highlighting a need for innovative research that is also targeted to practical approaches for reducing N and S losses, and improving the overall synchrony between supply and demand.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2005.tb00412.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recycling municipal wastes in the future: from organic to inorganic forms? (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 21 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. This paper highlights the principal problems related to the recycling of municipal wastes to arable land and outlines future solutions. History reveals that transport of sewage with water was introduced early (2500 bc), but only some Asian societies, which did not utilize sewage flushing, redistributed toilet wastes to arable land effectively. Nutrient flow analyses in developed countries indicate a withdrawal of 20 kg N and 3kgP ha−1 yr−1 from arable land because of non-return of organic human wastes. Limited reuse of municipal organic wastes in agriculture in several European countries is often seen as a question of waste quality. However, we believe that despite acceptable quality levels only minor progress in recycling has been achieved. Higher water contents in organic wastes than in harvested crops and, consequently, high costs for drying or transportation of wastes, often in combination with non-optimal plant nutrient composition, will remain the bottleneck which restricts the recycling of nutrients in wastes. One solution is to extract nutrients out of organic wastes and thereby derive concentrated compounds similar to those in inorganic fertilizers that can be redistributed and applied to soil. The challenge for modern sewage treatment systems is to shift perspective from removal to recovery of nutrients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2005.tb00419.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The response of soil organic matter to manure amendments in a long-term experiment at Ultuna, Sweden (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of soil science 48 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: In a long-term field experiment started in 1956 on a clay loam soil at Uppsala, Sweden, changes of organic carbon in the topsoils receiving various organic amendments at the rate of 200 kg C ha'1 year'1 were studied to determine soil organic matter characteristics, variations of δ13C in the soil and to estimate a carbon balance. Fallow and mineral fertilizer without N led to a significant decrease of soil organic matter (SOM) in the soil, green manure maintained the SOM content, and animal manure and peat increased the SOM content significantly. The stable portion of the added organic materials after 37 years of continuous input was 12·8, 27·3, and 56·7%, for green manure, animal manure and peat, respectively. This was reflected by half-lives of organic carbon originating from the amendments between 3·0 (green manure) and 14·6 years (peat). The isotopic composition of SOM changed both due to mineralization (continuous fallow) and the addition of amendments is topically different from soil humus (green manure, animal manure). The isotopic effect was used to calculate the percentage of carbon derived from animal manure present for the year 1993. This value (55·4%) was larger than that derived from the carbon balance, which indicated a priming effect of the animal manure on the initial soil humus. Mineralization of microbially available organic substances led to an increase in the degree of humification on plots not receiving organic amendments. Adding peat and animal manure resulted in a decrease of the humification index due to the continuous input of poorly humified material. The extinction ratio (E4/E6) and ratio of fulvic acid to humic acid changed considerably in the peat treated plots. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)-measurements of the extracts showed that peat characteristics can be detected in peat treated soils. The other amendments did not alter the characteristics of the extractable humic substances.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.1997.tb00547.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response of sorption processes of MCPA to the amount and origin of organic matter in a long-term field experiment (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of soil science 52 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Changes in farming practices over long times can affect the sorption behaviour of MCPA ((4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid). We studied the adsorption–desorption mechanisms of MCPA on soil with varied amounts and origins of soil organic matter obtained from a long-term field experiment with various organic amendments. The origin of the soil organic matter seems to be crucial for the sorption behaviour of MCPA. Samples of soil amended with sewage sludge sorbed MCPA more strongly than the soil under any other treatment. Peat-amended soil was second followed by soil receiving animal manure, green manure, mineral fertilizer without N and the fallowed soil. Both the carbon content and the origin of the organic matter are important for the sorption. A decrease of carbon content of a soil does not necessarily imply a reduction of sorption capacity for polar organic acids such as MCPA. Nevertheless, our adsorption–desorption experiments suggest that with decreasing carbon content the role of mineral sorption mechanisms could become more pronounced. Our results showed that interactions of soil organic matter and soil minerals distinctly influence adsorption properties for MCPA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2389.2001.00382.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multi-fluxon zero-field modes in long Josephson tunnel junctions (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 2598-2606 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The higher order zero field steps of long inline and overlap Josephson junctions have been investigated experimentally by means of low temperature scanning electron microscopy. The results indicate that several stable states are possible when more than one fluxon is present in the junction, corresponding to a different spacing among the fluxons during their propagation. These dynamic states should differ by the spectrum of the emitted radiation. Numerical simulations show that the fluxon interaction with plasma oscillations appears to be responsible for the observed behavior. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.358723
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