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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 446 (2007), S. 998-998 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] John Backus, who died on 17 March, was a pioneer in the early development of computer programming languages, and was subsequently a leading researcher in so-called functional programming. He spent his entire career with IBM. Backus was born on 3 December 1924 in Philadelphia, and was raised in ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @British journal for the history of science 24 (1991), S. 479-480 
    ISSN: 0007-0874
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: History , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
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    Unknown
    Boston : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Business History Review. 64:3 (1990:Autumn) 570 
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 7 (1991), S. 137-145 
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Phenoxyherbicide ; Mecoprop degradation ; Biodegradation ; Mixed cultures
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The bacterial degradation of mecoprop (2-(2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxy)propionic acid) was studied using a mixed culture under aerobic conditions. The release of chlorine from mecoprop indicated incomplete degradation (75%), which did not proceed to completion upon extended incubation. The UV absorbance initially increased and this was associated with spectral distortion of the shoulder and trough regions and a slight shift in the maximum wavelength of absorption. GC-MS analysis indicated that 4-chloro-2-methylphenol was an intermediate in the degradative pathway of mecoprop. The GC-MS data also suggested the formation of other phenolic compounds with repositioned chloro-and methylgroups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0991
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The simultaneous degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2-(2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxy)propionic acid (mecoprop) was achieved by two mixed cultures in the absence of any additional carbon or energy substrates. Mecoprop was not completely degraded by either of the two cultures, nor did addition of 2,4-D affect the degradation of mecoprop. The cultures completely degraded 2,4-D, and the degradation was uninfluenced by the addition of mecoprop. Nearly complete dechlorination of the mixture of two herbicides was achieved by both cultures, on the basis of the total amount of the two herbicides degraded. During the course of the reaction, however, the expected values of chloride were not met. Cell growth continued after the degradation of the parent substrates ceased. Although the mecoprop degradation did not continue to completion, spectral and growth data indicated that the metabolites which had accumulated during the reaction were degraded upon further incubation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 22 (1999), S. 55-58 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography ; sample dissolving solvent ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 21 (1998), S. 193-196 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: capillary electrophoresis ; dissolving solvent selection ; optimization ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Capillary electrophoresis ; Experimental design ; Optimisation ; Robustness ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Various chemometric experimental designs have been employed for the optimisation of capillary electrophoresis (CE) methods. Similar designs have been utilised in the assessment of the robustness of CE methods. The designs employed include central composites, fractional factorials, Plackett-Burman, simplex and overlapping-resolution mapping. Optimisation studies have largely concentrated on the use of these designs on selection of the optimal electrolyte composition. The robustness testing studies performed have involved the use of screening designs to identify the critical parameters affecting responses such as migration times and resolution. Further designs such as central composites have then been employed to set method limits following robustness studies. It is concluded that the use of experimental designs and statistical data evaluation in conjunction with personal computer-controlled CE autosamplers and instruments are of great benefit in the optimisation and robustness evaluation of CE methods.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 9
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    Unknown
    The MIT Press | The MIT Press
    Publication Date: 2022-11-18
    Description: Tracks the evolution of the international cellular industry from the late 1970s to the present. The development of the mobile-phone industry into what we know today required remarkable cooperation between companies, governments, and industrial sectors. Companies developing cellular infrastructure, cellular devices, cellular network services, and eventually software and mobile semiconductors had to cooperate, not simply compete, with each other. In this global history of the mobile-phone industry, Daniel D. Garcia-Swartz and Martin Campbell-Kelly examine its development in the United States, Europe, Japan, and several emerging economies, including China and India. They present the evolution of mobile phones from the perspective of vendors of telephone equipment and network operators, users whose lives have been transformed by mobile phones, and governments that have fostered specific mobile-phone standards. Cellular covers the technical aspects of the cellphone, as well as its social and political impact. Beginning with the 1980s, the authors trace the development of closed (proprietary) and open (available to all) cellular standards, the impact of network effects as cellular adoption increased, major technological changes affecting mobile phone hardware, and the role of national governments in shaping the industry. The authors also consider the changing roles that cellular phones have played in the everyday lives of people around the world and the implications 5G technology may have for the future. Finally, they offer statistics on how quickly the cellular industry grew in different regions of the world and how firms competed in those various markets.
    Keywords: Economic history ; Mobile phone technology ; History of engineering and technology ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCZ Economic history ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TJ Electronics & communications engineering::TJK Communications engineering / telecommunications::TJKW WAP (wireless) technology ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
    Language: English
    Format: image/jpeg
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2002-01-01
    Description: In central and eastern Europe in the 1970s and 1980s, prevailing economic and political conditions resulted in a rapid closure of many uranium mining and processing activities. These closures have left a long-lived human health impact. In countries and regions of relatively sparse economic resources, it is essential to understand the true significance of arising impacts and the financial consequences of their mitigation. A pilot study performed at a former site of uranium mining in the Slovak Republic illustrates a methodology to evaluate human health and environmental impact. The main findings are:* The former mining site shows complexity typical of an area in which there is diffuse contamination arising from leaching from waste heaps, and uncontrolled discharges from adits into water courses. In particular, significant hazards occur at the sites due to the presence of uranium ore and its progeny at the surface, which may result in radiological exposure via direct irradiation, ingestion and inhalation of dust or radon. * Site characterization considered both traditional areas of sampling and analysis (rock, soil, dust, radon and water) and identification of those activities and groups or individuals directly or potentially affected by exposure to contamination at the site. These ranged from workers occupying offices and workshops on one of the waste rock heaps, to house builders using waste rock (and potentially ore) for construction purposes, to a range of people exposed due to their recreational activities at the sites (hikers, mineral collectors, rock climbers and gatherers of wild produce). * Historical recultivation measures performed at the site in the 1980s were generally ineffective at curtailing the whole range of radiological hazards. Measures were taken at most sites to bury exposed ore to minimize external irradiation. However, in those cases in which recultivation of heaps was successful, it did little to reduce the impact of radon emanation. Instead, recultivation appeared to have the surprising consequence of reducing the potential dose to the public, via an unrelated route, by making waste rock/ore more difficult to remove for the purpose of construction. * When the importance of all the hazards were ranked, the most significant risk factor arose from inhalation of radon emanating from foundations built from waste rock material. * Of all of the liabilities, a partially water-filled waste rock pit resulted in the highest dose rates. When time spent at this relatively remote site was taken into account, the potential doses received remained to be comparatively high. The most at risk groups were those working, in buildings, on the waste rock heaps and those people who have removed waste rock/ore for building purposes. * Mitigation measures to reduce doses experienced by the exposed groups can be summarized as:-- prevention of the use of waste rock material for the purpose of house building; -- reducing the overall accessibility to the sites, using barriers; -- restricting the recreational value of the sites, by placement of warning signs/fencing (short term); -- relocation of offices and laboratories on the heaps or improvement of the overall ventilation of the working areas.
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