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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    “In vivo” STM studies of the growth of Germanium and Silicon on Silicon (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 63 (1996), S. 577-581 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A scanning tunneling microscope (STM) capable of imaging during crystal growth from the vapour is described. This method (MBSTM) opens the possibility to follow the growth process of semiconductor molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) “in vivo”. The ability of the microscope to access the evolution of specific features during growth is demonstrated by images of the Si homoepitaxy. The transition from initial multilayer to layer-by-layer growth was imaged in Si(1 1 1) homoepitaxy. In Si/Si(1 0 0) homoepitaxy the fractional coverage of non-equivalent terraces was studied as function of coverage and a theoretically predicted transient growth mode was observed. In Ge on Si(1 1 1) heteroepitaxy the nucleation of 3D Ge islands was observed. When 3D islands occurred on the surface an etching of the 2D Stranski-Krastanov layer was observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01567213
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of Coadsorbed H2O/HClO4 on Au(111) by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (1994)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 98 (1994), S. 7885-7890 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100083a023
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth control of MnAs on GaAs(001) by reflection high-energy electron diffraction (2000)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 76 (2000), S. 834-836 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The MnAs(1¯100) surface is investigated during growth by reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED). (1×2), (1×1), (2×1) and (4×1) RHEED patterns have been observed by varying the growth conditions, indicating various stoichiometry dependent reconstructions. A phase diagram showing the dependence of the reconstructions on the growth parameters is presented. RHEED intensity oscillations have been found, evidencing layer-by-layer growth of MnAs. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.125600
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Periodic elastic domains of coexisting phases in epitaxial MnAs films on GaAs (2002)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 80 (2002), S. 2523-2525 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The surface topography of epitaxial MnAs films on GaAs(001) is studied by scanning probe microscopy. We provide direct experimental evidence for temperature-dependent elastic domains of the coexisting ferromagnetic αMnAs and paramagnetic βMnAs phases. The results agree well with a theoretical model for the elastic equilibrium of periodic domains. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1467699
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microbial degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils affected by the organic matrix of compost (1996)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 44 (1996), S. 668-675 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract This paper describes the degradation of naphthalene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, and pyrene in soil and soil/compost mixtures. Compost addition facilitated the degradation of 500 mg naphthalene/kg soil and 100 mg/kg each of other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) within 25 days in soil systems with water contents below the water-holding capacity. By means of a humic acid extraction, it was demonstrated that the decrease of PAH concentrations after compost addition was not caused by a sorption to organic matter preventing PAH analysis. The enhanced PAH degradation was examined in a series of batch experiments with contaminated soil to evaluate whether the effect of compost addition is caused by the microorganisms of the compost itself, by the properties of the organic matrix of the compost material, or by water-soluble fertilising substances. The experiments revealed that the release of fertilising substances from the compost and the shift of soil pH brought about by the compost did not cause the stimulatory effect. The microorganisms inherent to the compost were also not necessary for the enhanced degradation. Sterilised compost was recolonised by soil microorganisms after a lagphase yielding a degradation activity similar to that of the non-sterilised compost. The presence of the solid organic matrix of the compost seemed to be essential for the enhanced degradation. The soil/compost microflora, which was separated from the organic matrix in liquid cultures, exhibited a much lower degrading activity than in the presence of the solid organic material.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00172501
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microbial degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils affected by the organic matrix of compost (1996)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 44 (1996), S. 668-675 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  This paper describes the degradation of naphthalene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, and pyrene in soil and soil/compost mixtures. Compost addition facilitated the degradation of 500 mg naphthalene/kg soil and 100 mg/kg each of other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) within 25 days in soil systems with water contents below the water-holding capacity. By means of a humic acid extraction, it was demonstrated that the decrease of PAH concentrations after compost addition was not caused by a sorption to organic matter preventing PAH analysis. The enhanced PAH degradation was examined in a series of batch experiments with contaminated soil to evaluate whether the effect of compost addition is caused by the microorganisms of the compost itself, by the properties of the organic matrix of the compost material, or by water-soluble fertilising substances. The experiments revealed that the release of fertilising substances from the compost and the shift of soil pH brought about by the compost did not cause the stimulatory effect. The microorganisms inherent to the compost were also not necessary for the enhanced degradation. Sterilised compost was recolonised by soil microorganisms after a lagphase yielding a degradation activity similar to that of the non-sterilised compost. The presence of the solid organic matrix of the compost seemed to be essential for the enhanced degradation. The soil/compost microflora, which was separated from the organic matrix in liquid cultures, exhibited a much lower degrading activity than in the presence of the solid organic material.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530050615
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fate of 14C-labeled anthracene and hexadecane in compost-manured soil (1995)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 43 (1995), S. 1128-1135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Experiments were carried out to evaluate the impact of the addition of ripe compost on the degradation of two 14C-labeled hydrocarbon model compounds (anthracene and hexadecane) in soil. The addition of mature compost (20 % dry wt./dry wt.) stimulated significantly the disappearance of the extractable fraction of both compounds. With compost, 23 % of the labeled anthracene was transformed into 14CO2 and 42 % was fixed to the soil matrix irreversibly. In the unsupplemented control reactor more than 88 % of the original anthracene could be recovered by either of two applied organic extraction procedures. The formation of non-extractable bound residues was less significant with [14C] hexadecane since only 21 % of the labeled carbon had become non-extractable after 103 days. The results presented show that compost could stimulate the depletion of hydrocarbons by either mineralization or the formation of unextractable bound residues (humification). The latter process might be a significant route of depletion in soil especially, for those hydrocarbons that are mineralized only slowly. The meaning of this finding for the assessment of soil bioremediation is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00166937
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enumeration and characterization of the soil microflora from hydrocarbon-contaminated soil sites able to mineralize polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) (1994)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 41 (1994), S. 267-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The use of a plate screening technique allowed the direct isolation and quantification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-degrading bacteria from different soil sites. Bacteria that were able to grow on anthracene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene or pyrene as a sole carbon source were found with numbers between 103 and 105 colony-forming units (cfu)/g of soil dry weight, but only in samples that originated from PAH-contaminated sites. No isolates were found that could grow on perylene, triphenylene, benzo(a)pyrene or chrysene as sole carbon source. Bacteria that had been selected on the same PAH substrate showed a related degradation pattern for both other PAH and oil compounds and carbohydrate substrates even if they had been collected at distant soil sites. Based on these findings the isolates could be clustered into four different catabolic and taxonomic similarity groups. Taxonomic determination of representative isolates suggested that nocardioform actinomycetes of the genera Mycobacterium, Rhodococcus and Gordona represented a major part of the soil microflora able to mineralize PAH. Three new isolates able to grow on anthracene, pyrene or fluoranthene as the sole carbon source, respectively, have been isolated and identified (Sphingomonas paucimobilis BA2, Gordona sp. BP9, Mycobacterium sp. VF1). The ubiquitous presence of a potent and versatile mineralizing microflora in PAH-contaminated soils indicated that the microflora is not the limiting factor for the degradation of PAH with up to four rings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530050142
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enumeration and characterization of the soil microflora from hydrocarbon-contaminated soil sites able to mineralize polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) (1994)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 41 (1994), S. 267-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The use of a plate screening technique allowed the direct isolation and quantification of polycylic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-degrading bacteria from different soil sites. Bacteria that were able to grow on anthracene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene or pyrene as a sole carbon source were found with numbers between 103 and 105 colony-forming units (cfu)/g of soil dry weight, but only in samples that originated from PAH-contaminated sites. No isolates were found that could grow on perylene, triphenylene, benzo(a)pyrene or chrysene as sole carbon source. Bacteria that had been selected on the same PAH substrate showed a related degradation pattern for both other PAH and oil compounds and carbohydrate substrates even if they had been collected at distant soil sites. Based on these findings the isolates could be clustered into four different catabolic and taxonomic similarity groups. Taxonomic determination of representative isolates suggested that nocardioform actinomycetes of the genera Mycobacterium, Rhodococcus and Gordona represented a major part of the soil microflora able to mineralize PAH. Three new isolates able to grow on anthracene, pyrene or fluoranthene as the sole carbon source, respectively, have been isolated and identified (Sphingomonas paucimobilis BA2, Gordona sp. BP9, Mycobacterium sp. VF1). The ubiquitous presence of a potent and versatile mineralizing microflora in PAH-contaminated soils indicated that the microflora is not the limiting factor for the degradation of PAH with up to four rings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00186971
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    “In vivo” STM studies of the growth of Germanium and Silicon on Silicon (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 63 (1996), S. 577-581 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract.  A scanning tunneling microscope (STM) capable of imaging during crystal growth from the vapour is described. This method (MBSTM) opens the possibility to follow the growth process of semiconductor molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) “in vivo”. The ability of the microscope to access the evolution of specific features during growth is demonstrated by images of the Si homoepitaxy. The transition from initial multilayer to layer-by-layer growth was imaged in Si(1 1 1) homoepitaxy. In Si/Si(1 0 0) homoepitaxy the fractional coverage of non-equivalent terraces was studied as function of coverage and a theore- tically predicted transient growth mode was observed. In Ge on Si(1 1 1) heteroepitaxy the nucleation of 3D Ge islands was observed. When 3D islands occurred on the surface an etching of the 2D Stranski-Krastanov layer was observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003390050431
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