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  • 1
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    Political space : frontiers of change and governance in a globalizing world (2002)
    Albany : State University of New York Press
    SUNY series in global politics  
    Details
    Keywords: Globalization. ; International relations. ; Political geography.
    Notes: Problem of change in international relations theory /K.J. Holsti --Reconfiguring international political space: the significance of world history /Richard Little --Informational reconfiguring of global geopolitics /Ken Dark --Remapping political space: issues and nonissues in analyzing global politics in the twenty-first century /Yale H. Ferguson and Richard W. Mansbach --Political power and geographical scale /John Agnew --Mapping global/local spaces /Robert Latham --Cartographies of loathing and desire: the Bharatiya Janata party, the bomb, and the political spaces of Hindu nationalism /Stuart Corbridge --New cross-border field for public and private actors /Saskia Sassen --Finance in politics: an epilogue to Mad money /Susan Strange --Offshore and the institutional environment of globalization /Ronen Palan --Governance and the challenges of changing political space /R.J. Barry Jones --Club identity and collective action: overlapping interests in an evolving world system /Mark A. Boyer --NGOs and fragmented authority in globalizing space /James N. Rosenau --Practicing democracy transnationally /Rey Koslowski and Antje Wiener.
    Pages: vi, 319 p.
    ISBN: 0-585-48645-X
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=101901
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expansion of the nest ofNasutitermes costalis (1979)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 26 (1979), S. 322-342 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Resume Les mécanismes d'acroissement du nid deNasutitermes costalis, ont été analysés par l'observation directe et par la photographie d'une colonie prospère, élevée au laboratoire pendant plus de 45 mois. Nous avons enregistré 52 périodes d'accroissement, chacune entraînant une augmentation de 10% du volume du nid. On peut diviser le processus d'accroissement du nid en 3 phases: la phase initiale, la phase de construction, la phase finale. La phase finale aboutit à une surface dont la forme traduit la convergence des premiers efforts de construction pendant la phase initiale d'accroissement. La construction est basée presque entièrement sur des répétitions multiples d'un petit nombre d'éléments architecturaux simples, essentiellement la division, d'un mur en deux embranchements et la réunion de murs voisins au moyen d'un pont. Tout cela se passe sur une “surface active” lisse qui demeure ainsi tout le temps de chaque période d'accroissement. Les intéressantes similitudes entre certains traits architecturaux de l'accroissement du nid deN. costalis, et certaines structures construites «de novo» par des groupes de termites avec une reine et appartenant à trois sous-familles de Termitidae suggèrent que le mode d'accroissement du nid deN. costalis est relativement primitif.
    Notes: Summary The nest expansion behavior ofNasutitermes costalis, a common Neotropical arboreal termite, was analyzed by means of direct and photographic observation of a thriving laboratory colony over a 45-month period. 52 expansion episodes were recorded, each resulting in the addition of as much as 10% to the nest volume. The expansion process can be divided into 3 phases Initiation, Building, and Termination. Termination results in a nest surface whose shape focuses initial building efforts during the Initiation of subsequent expansion. Building consists almost entirely of multiple repetitions of a few simple architectural elements — primarily the branching of one wall into two and the joining of neighboring walls via a bridge — all occurring on a smooth “active surface” which persist throughout each expansion episode. Interesting similarities between certainN. costalis nest expansion architectural features and structures builtde novo by queened termite groups from 3 subfamilies of the Termitidae suggest that this is a relatively primitive mode of nest expansion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02223552
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gallery construction byNasutitermes Costalis: Polyethism and the behavior of individuals (1980)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 27 (1980), S. 5-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Resume C'est à partir d'enregistrements de séquences comportementales intégrales (y compris la durée des actes) obtenus sur plus de 8000 ouvriers qui travaillaient dans la réparation de galeries-tunnels et à partir d'observations sur la participation ouvrière à différentes activités que nous avons fait des descriptions quantitatives du comportement de construction et des activités qui sont liées à ce comportement pour chacune des cinq castes d'ouvriers deNasutitermes costalis. Le polyéthisme est nettement démontré à travers des différences spécifiques dans quelques paramètres comportementaux. Dans la réparation d'une ancienne galerie, la contribution totale des ouvriers SW1 et LW3, qui sont des constructeurs peu nombreux mais vigoureux, est supérieure à celle des ouvriers des autres castes. Les individus SW2 sont les constructeurs les plus actifs. Les soins au couvain sont surtout donnés par les individus LW3. Ces différences entre castes sont essentiellement des différences d'amplitude: presque chaque type de comportement se retrouve chez au moins quelques individus de chaque caste. Nous confirmons et prolongeons de façon substantielle les descriptions antérieures sur le polyéthisme des termites, qui étaient fondées sur l'abondance relative de chaque caste à un emplacement de travail particulier. La comparaison de l'utilisation des matériaux de construction montre que, pour chaque caste, le comportement de construction pendant la réparation des galeries diffère de façon significative du comportement de construction au cours de l'agrandissement du nid.
    Notes: Summary Using records of complete behavioral sequences (including act durations) recorded for more than 8000 individual workers visiting specially prepared gallery repair sites, in addition to direct observations of worker participation in various activities, detailed and quantitative descriptions of building behavior and related activities have been developed for each of the five worker castes ofNasutitermes costalis. Polyethism is clearly demonstrated in terms of specific differences along a number of behavioral dimensions. At a gallery repair site, the SW1 and LW3, being moderate in abundance but vigorous builders, contribute more overall to the construction than any other castes. As individuals, however, the SW2 are the most active builders. Grooming is performed primarily by the LW3. These intercaste differences are primarily differences in emphasis; almost every type of behavior observed is performed by at least some individuals from each caste. Existing descriptions of termite polyethism based on the relative abundance of each caste at a particular work location are confirmed and substantially extended. Comparison of building material use shows that construction behavior during gallery repair differs significantly from that during nest expansion for each caste.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02224518
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Purification of an Erythrocyte-coating Polysaccharide from Staphylococcus aureus (1963)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 200 (1963), S. 593-593 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A method described by Oeding5 was used to obtain a crude sensitizing extract from a concentrated culture filtrate of Staphylococcus; the organism (phage type 71) was isolated from an infected burn, and the crude extract, which was insoluble in 90 per cent phenol, was freeze-dried. 25 mg of the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/200593a0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimating organic carbon in the soils of Europe for policy support (2005)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of soil science 56 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The estimation of soil carbon content is of pressing concern for soil protection and in mitigation strategies for global warming. This paper describes the methodology developed and the results obtained in a study aimed at estimating organic carbon contents (%) in topsoils across Europe. The information presented in map form provides policy-makers with estimates of current topsoil organic carbon contents for developing strategies for soil protection at regional level. Such baseline data are also of importance in global change modelling and may be used to estimate regional differences in soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks and projected changes therein, as required for example under the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, after having taken into account regional differences in bulk density.The study uses a novel approach combining a rule-based system with detailed thematic spatial data layers to arrive at a much-improved result over either method, using advanced methods for spatial data processing. The rule-based system is provided by the pedo-transfer rules, which were developed for use with the European Soil Database. The strong effects of vegetation and land use on SOC have been taken into account in the calculations, and the influence of temperature on organic carbon contents has been considered in the form of a heuristic function. Processing of all thematic data was performed on harmonized spatial data layers in raster format with a 1 km × 1 km grid spacing. This resolution is regarded as appropriate for planning effective soil protection measures at the European level. The approach is thought to be transferable to other regions of the world that are facing similar questions, provided adequate data are available for these regions. However, there will always be an element of uncertainty in estimating or determining the spatial distribution of organic carbon contents of soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.2005.00728.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EFFECT OF SOIL PARENT MATERIAL, ELEVATION, ASPECT AND FERTILIZER TREATMENT ON UPLAND GRASS YIELDS (1970)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 25 (1970), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Grass production was measured at 24 sites in the Strathdon area of West Aberdeenshire. The mean total yields of DM from two cuts taken from unfertilized plots in 1967 and from three cuts taken in 1968 were 3014 and 3864 kgJha, respectively. Yields from soils formed on basic parent material were 30–40% more than yields from soils formed on more acidic material; and well-managed swards yielded over 40% more than poorly-managed ones. Aspect did not affect yields significantly, nor did elevation within the range 260–440 m.NItrochalk applied at the rate of 75 kg N/ha in 1968 increased the DM yield by an average of 35% but the efifect of 75 kg P2O5/ha, applied as triple superphosphate, was not significant at the 10% level. The benefits from N declined, wbereas those from P tended to increase, with elevation. There was no significant NP interaction overall, but tbe response from this treatment was better than from N alone on sites with acidic parent material.In 1968, 46% of the total yield was obtained by the end of June and only 10% after the end of August. Whereas yield declined with elevation in May–June, it increased during July–August
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1970.tb01203.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oesophageal fistulated cattle can give unreliable estimates of the proportion of legume in the diets of resident animals grazing tropical pastures (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 47 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Estimates of the diet of resident intact steers grazing four different tropical grass/legume pastures were made by two methods. In the first, oesophageal fistulated (OF) steers were used on three days and the botanical composition of the extrusa determined microscopically. The second method measured the carbon ratio (δ13C) of the faeces of the resident steers over three days, and the percentage legume in the diet was calculated after correction for digestibility differences between the grass and legume components. Estimates of legume percentages in the diet by the two methods differed markedly; OF steers selected a diet containing much more legume than did resident steers, the regression of extrusa estimates on δ13C having a negative slope.This, and other evidence, clearly shows that estimates using OF steers of the diet of resident cattle grazing tropical grass/legume pastures can be most unreliable. Reasons for this unreliability are briefly discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1992.tb02255.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DNA endoreduplication in maize endosperm cells: the effect of exposure to short-term high temperature (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 23 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: DNA endoreduplication in Zea mays L. (cv. A619 × W64A) endosperm peaks between 16 and 18 d after pollination (DAP). The physiological function of DNA endoreduplication is not known but it is believed to be important in maize kernel development. In the present study, we investigated how 2, 4 or 6 d of high temperature (35 °C) affected DNA endoreduplication and maize kernel development in comparison with control kernels grown at 25 °C. Data were collected on fresh weight (FW), nuclei number, mitotic index, and DNA endoreduplication. Maize endosperm FW and nuclei number were reduced by exposure to 4 or 6 d of high temperature. At 18 DAP, the 2 d high temperature treatment (HTT) caused a reduction in FW and nuclei number, but had no effect on DNA endoreduplication and average DNA content per endosperm. However, when the exposure to high temperature was increased to 4 or 6 d, FW, nuclei number and the magnitude of DNA endoreduplication were progressively reduced, and the peak mitotic index was delayed compared with the control endosperm. At 18 DAP, the 4 d treatment showed 54·7% of the cells were 3 or 6 C, whereas only 41·2% were 12 C or higher. Six days of high temperature also resulted in a reduction in endosperm FW, nuclei number and a delay in the peak of mitotic index. DNA endoreduplication occurred in the kernels exposed to this treatment, although the magnitude was severely reduced compared with the control kernels. Nuclear DNA content was highly correlated (r= 0·93) with kernel FW, suggesting an important role of DNA endoreduplication in determining endosperm FW. The data suggest that high temperature during endosperm cell division exerted negative effects on DNA endoreduplication by dramatically reducing the nuclei number, leaving fewer nuclei available for DNA endoreduplication. However, the data also suggest that prolonged exposure to high temperature restricts entry of mitotic cells into the endoreduplication phase of the cell cycle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.2000.00564.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural characterization of maize (Zea mays L.) kernels exposed to high temperature during endosperm cell division (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 22 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: This study reports the ultrastructural changes in maize endosperm that result from exposure to high temperature during cell division. Kernels were grown in vitro at 25 ºC continuously (control) and at 5 d after pollination (DAP) subsamples were transferred to continuous 35 ºC for either 4 or 6 d. The 4 d treatment reduced kernel mass by 40% and increased kernel abortion three-fold. The 6-d high-temperature treatment resulted in a 77% reduction in kernel mass and a 12-fold increase in kernel abortion. Evaluation of the kernels at 11 DAP using scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the reduced kernel mass and/or abortion was associated with the disruption of cell division and amyloplast biogenesis in the periphery of the endosperm. This was further confirmed by the presence of an irregular-shaped nucleus, altered size of the nucleolus, highly dense nucleoplasm, and a decrease in the number of proplastids and amyloplasts. Thus, the endosperm cavity was not filled, the total number of endosperm cells was reduced by 35 and 70%, and the number of starch granules was decreased by 45 and 80% after exposure to 4 and 6 d of high-temperature treatments, respectively. This also resulted in a 35–70% reduction in total starch accumulation. KI/I2 staining and light microscopy revealed that starch accumulation in the peripheral endosperm cells was reduced more severely than in the central zones. However, the scanning electron micrographs of cells from the central endosperm showed that the number and the size of apparently viable amyloplasts were reduced and isolated granules were smaller and/or showed enhanced pitting. These ultrastructural data support the hypothesis that high temperature during endosperm cell division reduces kernel sink potential and subsequently mature kernel mass, mainly by disrupting cell division and amyloplast biogenesis in the peripheral and central endosperm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.1999.00424.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diurnal changes in the photochemical efficiency of the symbiotic dinoflagellates (Dinophyceae) of corals: photoprotection, photoinactivation and the relationship to coral bleaching (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 24 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The photochemical efficiency of symbiotic dinoflagellates within the tissues of two reef-building corals in response to normal and excess irradiance at water temperatures 〈 30 °C were investigated using pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) chlorophyll fluorescence techniques. Dark-adapted Fv/Fm showed clear diurnal changes, decreasing to a low at solar noon and increasing in the afternoon. However, Fv/Fm also drifted downwards at night or in prolonged darkness, and increased rapidly during the early morning twilight. This parameter also increased when the oxygen concentration of the water holding the corals was increased. Such changes have not been described previously, and most probably reflect state transitions associated with PQ pool reduction via chlororespiration. These unusual characteristics may be a feature of an endosymbiotic environment, reflective of the well-documented night-time tissue hypoxia that occurs in corals. Fv/Fm decreased to 0·25 in response to full sunlight in shade-acclimated (shade) colonies of Stylophora pistillata, which is considerably lower than in light-acclimated (sun) colonies. In sun colonies, the reversible decrease in Fv/Fm was caused by a lowering of Fm and Fo suggesting photoprotection and no lasting damage. The decrease in Fv/Fm, however, was caused by a decrease in Fm and an increase in Fo in shade colonies suggesting photoinactivation and long-term cumulative photoinhibition. Shade colonies rapidly lost their symbiotic algae (bleached) during exposure to full sunlight. This study is consistent with the hypothesis that excess light leads to chronic damage of symbiotic dinoflagellates and their eventual removal from reef-building corals. It is significant that this can occur with high light conditions alone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.2001.00648.x
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