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The old and the new: the evolution of polymer and biomedical clusters in Ohio and Sweden (2000)

Braunerhjelm, Pontus ; Carlsson, Bo ; Cetindamar, Dilek ; [et al.]

Springer

Journal of evolutionary economics 10 (2000), S. 471-488

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ISSN: 1432-1386

Keywords: Key words: Clusters – Evolution – Path dependence – Systems – Polymers – Biomedicine ; JEL-classification: L23, O30

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Economics

Notes: Abstract. This paper examines the rapid growth of the polymer-based and biomedical clusters in Ohio and Sweden – two regions of similar size and with similar traditions undergoing similar industrial restructuring. Two issues are addressed: First, why has growth been so strong in these particular clusters, i.e., can we identify the sources of the growth and dynamics in these sectors? Second, why do these two clusters differ in Ohio and Sweden in terms of size, level and type of activity, number and composition of actors, size structure of firms and growth patterns over the last couple of decades? In particular, what is the role of public policies as well as cultural, historical, and geographic factors? Our main conclusions are (1) that there is strong path dependence in both clusters in both countries, and (2) that the key to rapid development is a high absorptive capacity combined with rapid diffusion to new potential users. Our policy discussion addresses these issues.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001910000053

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Institutional Effects on the Evolution of the Size Distribution of Firms (1999)

Henrekson, Magnus ; Johansson, Dan

Springer

Small business economics 12 (1999), S. 11-23

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ISSN: 1573-0913

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Economics

Notes: Abstract In this paper it is argued that the size distribution of firms may largely be determined by institutional factors. This hypothesis is tested in an exploratory fashion by studying the evolution of the size distribution of firms over time in Sweden for a period spanning from the late 1960s to the early 1990s. The data used are divided into finer size classes compared to most previous studies. This gives more scope for investigating the impact of institutions. Moreover, we use a unique data set, starting in 1984, to take account of corporate groups and government ownership. The analysis shows a poor development for intermediate-sized (10–199 employees) firms. This is likely to reflect the existence of a threshold that many firms are either unwilling or unable to cross. The analysis of the institutions and rules of the game determining the entrepreneurial and business conditions in Sweden indicate that the conditions have been unfavorable for small firms, and hence that too few small firms have managed to grow out of the smallest size classes. The conclusion is supported by an international comparison of the number of firms in different size classes. Data indicate that Sweden has fewer small (10–99 employees), and more large (500+) firms per capita than other European countries.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008002330051

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