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  • 1
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    Extremely large variations of atmospheric 14C concentration during the last glacial period (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-05-12
    Description: A long record of atmospheric 14C concentration, from 45 to 11 thousand years ago (ka), was obtained from a stalagmite with thermal-ionization mass-spectrometric 230Th and accelerator mass-spectrometric 14C measurements. This record reveals highly elevated Delta14C between 45 and 33 ka, portions of which may correlate with peaks in cosmogenic 36Cl and 10Be isotopes observed in polar ice cores. Superimposed on this broad peak of Delta14C are several rapid excursions, the largest of which occurs between 44.3 and 43.3 ka. Between 26 and 11 ka, atmospheric Delta14C decreased from approximately 700 to approximately 100 per mil, modulated by numerous minor excursions. Carbon cycle models suggest that the major features of this record cannot be produced with solar or terrestrial magnetic field modulation alone but also require substantial fluctuations in the carbon cycle.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beck, J W -- Richards, D A -- Edwards, R L -- Silverman, B W -- Smart, P L -- Donahue, D J -- Hererra-Osterheld, S -- Burr, G S -- Calsoyas, L -- Jull, A J -- Biddulph, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jun 29;292(5526):2453-8. Epub 2001 May 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉NSF-Arizona Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Facility, Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. wbeck@physics.arizona.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11349137" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Isotopic evidence for a terrestrial source of organic compounds found in martian meteorites Allan Hills 84001 and Elephant Moraine 79001 (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-02-07
    Description: Stepped-heating experiments on martian meteorites Allan Hills 84001 (ALH84001) and Elephant Moraine 79001 (EETA79001) revealed low-temperature (200 to 430 degrees Celsius) fractions with a carbon isotopic composition delta13C between -22 and -33 per mil and a carbon-14 content that is 40 to 60 percent of that of modern terrestrial carbon, consistent with a terrestrial origin for most of the organic material. Intermediate-temperature (400 to 600 degrees Celsius) carbonate-rich fractions of ALH84001 have delta13C of +32 to +40 per mil with a low carbon-14 content, consistent with an extraterrestrial origin, whereas some of the carbonate fraction of EETA79001 is terrestrial. In addition, ALH84001 contains a small preterrestrial carbon component of unknown origin that combusts at intermediate temperatures. This component is likely a residual acid-insoluble carbonate or a more refractory organic phase.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jull, A J -- Courtney, C -- Jeffrey, D A -- Beck, J W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jan 16;279(5349):366-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Science Foundation-Arizona Accelerator Mass Spectrometer Facility, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9430584" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Carbon/*analysis ; Carbon Dioxide/analysis/chemistry ; Carbon Isotopes ; Carbon Radioisotopes ; Carbonates/analysis/chemistry ; Hot Temperature ; *Mars ; *Meteoroids ; Organic Chemicals/*analysis/chemistry ; Silicates/analysis/chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Sea-surface temperature from coral skeletal strontium/calcium ratios (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-07-31
    Description: Seasonal records of tropical sea-surface temperature (SST) over the past 10(5) years can be recovered from high-precision measurements of coral strontium/calcium ratios with the use of thermal ionization mass spectrometry. The temperature dependence of these ratios was calibrated with corals collected at SST recording stations and by (18)O/(16)O thermometry. The results suggest that mean monthly SST may be determined with an apparent accuracy of better than 0.5 degrees C. Measurements on a fossil coral indicate that 10,200 years ago mean annual SSTs near Vanuatu in the southwestern Pacific Ocean were about 5 degrees C colder than today and that seasonal variations in SST were larger. These data suggest that tropical climate zones were compressed toward the equator during deglaciation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beck, J W -- Edwards, R L -- Ito, E -- Taylor, F W -- Recy, J -- Rougerie, F -- Joannot, P -- Henin, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jul 31;257(5070):644-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17740731" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Atlantic forcing of persistent drought in West Africa (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-04-18
    Description: Although persistent drought in West Africa is well documented from the instrumental record and has been primarily attributed to changing Atlantic sea surface temperatures, little is known about the length, severity, and origin of drought before the 20th century. We combined geomorphic, isotopic, and geochemical evidence from the sediments of Lake Bosumtwi, Ghana, to reconstruct natural variability in the African monsoon over the past three millennia. We find that intervals of severe drought lasting for periods ranging from decades to centuries are characteristic of the monsoon and are linked to natural variations in Atlantic temperatures. Thus the severe drought of recent decades is not anomalous in the context of the past three millennia, indicating that the monsoon is capable of longer and more severe future droughts.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shanahan, T M -- Overpeck, J T -- Anchukaitis, K J -- Beck, J W -- Cole, J E -- Dettman, D L -- Peck, J A -- Scholz, C A -- King, J W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Apr 17;324(5925):377-80. doi: 10.1126/science.1166352.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. tshanahan@jsg.utexas.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19372429" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    A Large Drop in Atmospheric 14C/12C and Reduced Melting in the Younger Dryas, Documented with 230Th Ages of Corals (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-05-14
    Description: Paired carbon-14 ((14)C) and thorium-230((230)Th) ages were determined on fossil corals from the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. The ages were used to calibrate part of the (14)C time scale and to estimate rates of sea-level rise during the last deglaciation. An abrupt offset between the (14)C and (230)Th ages suggests that the atmospheric (14)C/(12)C ratio dropped by 15 percent during the latter part of and after the Younger Dryas (YD). This prominent drop coincides with greatly reduced rates of sea-level rise. Reduction of melting because of cooler conditions during the YD may have caused an increase in the rate of ocean ventilation, which caused the atmospheric (14)C/(12)C ratio to fall. The record of sea-level rise also shows that globally averaged rates of melting were relatively high at the beginning of the YD. Thus, these measurements satisfy one of the conditions required by the hypothesis that the diversion of meltwater from the Mississippi to the St. Lawrence River triggered the YD event.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Edwards, R L -- Beck, J W -- Burr, G S -- Donahue, D J -- Chappell, J M -- Bloom, A L -- Druffel, E R -- Taylor, F W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 May 14;260(5110):962-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17818386" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gaskinetische Behandlung der kompressiblen Couette-Strömung mittels bimodaler Zweistromverteilung (1967)
    Springer
    Archive of applied mechanics 35 (1967), S. 305-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0681
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary For a description of the flow of rarefied gases, the gaskinetic transport equation is solved by means of bimodal two-stream distribution functions. The method is applied to the plane, compressible Couette flow problem. The solution is valid for the entire range of rarefaction, i.e. from continuum flow to free molecular flow. For the transition regime the description of the physical behavior of the gas is improved especially for large ratios of wall temperatures. It turns out for this case that, even for rather high Knudsen numbers, the flow properties are affected noticeably by molecular interactions.
    Notes: Übersicht Zur Beschreibung von Strömungen verdünnter Gase wird die Transportgleichung der Gaskinetik durch Ansätze mit bimodaler Zweistromverteilungsfunktion gelöst. Das Verfahren wird auf die ebene, kompressible Couette-Strömung angewendet. Die Lösung ist im gesamten Bereich der Verdünnung von der Kontinuumsströmung bis zur freien Molekülströmung gültig. Im Übergangsbereich wird das Verhalten des Gases besonders bei großen Wandtemperaturverhältnissen. besser als bisher beschrieben. Es zeigt sich hierfür, daß die Molekülwechselwirkung sogar bei recht großen Knudsen-Zahlen das Strömungsverhalten merklich beeinflußt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00535253
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 7
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    Magneto‐Optical Recording (1969)
    American Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 1969-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0021-8979
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7550
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics
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  • 8
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    Isotopic evidence for a terrestrial origin of most organic material found in some martian meteorites (1998)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-08-01
    Print ISSN: 1001-6538
    Electronic ISSN: 1861-9541
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer
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  • 9
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    A 550,000-year record of East Asian monsoon rainfall from 10Be in loess (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-05-25
    Description: Cosmogenic 10 Be flux from the atmosphere is a proxy for rainfall. Using this proxy, we derived a 550,000-year-long record of East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) rainfall from Chinese loess. This record is forced at orbital precession frequencies, with higher rainfall observed during Northern Hemisphere summer insolation maxima, although this response is damped during cold interstadials. The 10 Be monsoon rainfall proxy is also highly correlated with global ice-volume variations, which differs from Chinese cave 18 O, which is only weakly correlated. We argue that both EASM intensity and Chinese cave 18 O are not governed by high-northern-latitude insolation, as suggested by others, but rather by low-latitude interhemispheric insolation gradients, which may also strongly influence global ice volume via monsoon dynamics.
    Keywords: Atmospheric Science
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    Origin and Reduction of 1/f Magnetic Flux Noise in Superconducting Devices (2016)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-10-20
    Description: Author(s): P. Kumar, S. Sendelbach, M. A. Beck, J. W. Freeland, Zhe Wang, Hui Wang, Clare C. Yu, R. Q. Wu, D. P. Pappas, and R. McDermott Low-frequency 1 / f noise in magnetic flux is a dominant source of dephasing in superconducting qubits. Its origin has been a longstanding open question in condensed matter and device physics. The authors identify adsorbed O 2 (paramagnetic, due to its spin triplet state) as the major contributor to magnetism and flux noise in superconducting thin-film devices, and show that improving a sample’s vacuum environment leads to significant noise reduction. These results open the door to improved superconducting sensors and qubits with enhanced coherence times. [Phys. Rev. Applied 6, 041001] Published Tue Oct 18, 2016
    Electronic ISSN: 2331-7019
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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