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  • 1
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    Chitin-induced dimerization activates a plant immune receptor (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-06-02
    Description: Pattern recognition receptors confer plant resistance to pathogen infection by recognizing the conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns. The cell surface receptor chitin elicitor receptor kinase 1 of Arabidopsis (AtCERK1) directly binds chitin through its lysine motif (LysM)-containing ectodomain (AtCERK1-ECD) to activate immune responses. The crystal structure that we solved of an AtCERK1-ECD complexed with a chitin pentamer reveals that their interaction is primarily mediated by a LysM and three chitin residues. By acting as a bivalent ligand, a chitin octamer induces AtCERK1-ECD dimerization that is inhibited by shorter chitin oligomers. A mutation attenuating chitin-induced AtCERK1-ECD dimerization or formation of nonproductive AtCERK1 dimer by overexpression of AtCERK1-ECD compromises AtCERK1-mediated signaling in plant cells. Together, our data support the notion that chitin-induced AtCERK1 dimerization is critical for its activation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu, Tingting -- Liu, Zixu -- Song, Chuanjun -- Hu, Yunfei -- Han, Zhifu -- She, Ji -- Fan, Fangfang -- Wang, Jiawei -- Jin, Changwen -- Chang, Junbiao -- Zhou, Jian-Min -- Chai, Jijie -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jun 1;336(6085):1160-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1218867.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Graduate Program in Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22654057" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylglucosamine/chemistry/metabolism ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Arabidopsis/immunology/*metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Chitin/chemistry/*metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Ligands ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptors, Pattern Recognition/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Structural insight into brassinosteroid perception by BRI1 (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-06-15
    Description: Brassinosteroids are essential phytohormones that have crucial roles in plant growth and development. Perception of brassinosteroids requires an active complex of BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE 1 (BRI1) and BRI1-ASSOCIATED KINASE 1 (BAK1). Recognized by the extracellular leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain of BRI1, brassinosteroids induce a phosphorylation-mediated cascade to regulate gene expression. Here we present the crystal structures of BRI1(LRR) in free and brassinolide-bound forms. BRI1(LRR) exists as a monomer in crystals and solution independent of brassinolide. It comprises a helical solenoid structure that accommodates a separate insertion domain at its concave surface. Sandwiched between them, brassinolide binds to a hydrophobicity-dominating surface groove on BRI1(LRR). Brassinolide recognition by BRI1(LRR) is through an induced-fit mechanism involving stabilization of two interdomain loops that creates a pronounced non-polar surface groove for the hormone binding. Together, our results define the molecular mechanisms by which BRI1 recognizes brassinosteroids and provide insight into brassinosteroid-induced BRI1 activation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4019668/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4019668/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉She, Ji -- Han, Zhifu -- Kim, Tae-Wuk -- Wang, Jinjing -- Cheng, Wei -- Chang, Junbiao -- Shi, Shuai -- Wang, Jiawei -- Yang, Maojun -- Wang, Zhi-Yong -- Chai, Jijie -- R01 GM066258/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01GM066258/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Jun 12;474(7352):472-6. doi: 10.1038/nature10178.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Key Laboratory for Protein Sciences of Ministry of Education School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21666666" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Brassinosteroids ; Cholestanols/chemistry/*metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Enzyme Activation ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Binding ; Protein Folding ; Protein Kinases/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Steroids, Heterocyclic/chemistry/*metabolism ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Substrate Specificity
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nucleotide sequence of a novel HLA-DRB1 allele, DRB1 *0806 (1994)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 39 (1994), S. 78-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00171804
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Labeling of Adenine and Guanine Nucleotide-Binding Proteins in Permeabilized Cells with in Situ Periodate-Oxidized Nucleotides
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Analytical Biochemistry 210 (1993), S. 77-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-2697
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/abio.1993.1153
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhancing electron emission from silicon tip arrays by using thin amorphous diamond coating (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 73 (1998), S. 3668-3670 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A thin (∼2 nm thick) amorphous diamond coating was prepared on single crystal silicon tip arrays by using a filtered vacuum arc plasma deposition technique. The coating has a microscopically uniform morphology. As compared to uncoated tips, the electron emission of the coated tip arrays is enhanced, showing an increase in the total current, lower turn-on field and a lower-slope Fowler–Nordheim plot. We propose that field-emitted electrons could tunnel through such a thin coating with few scattering events. It is shown that the low potential barrier at the interface is the major cause of the enhancing effects instead of the negative surface electron affinity of the coating. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.122857
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microfabrication and characterization of an array of diode electron source using amorphous diamond thin films (2000)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 77 (2000), S. 2921-2923 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Details are given of an experimental study of microfabrication and characterization of a diode electron source using amorphous diamond (a-D) thin films. 〈100〉 n-type etched Si wafers with microscale-rough surface were used as cathode substrates. Filtered cathodic vacuum arc deposition technique was employed to coat a thin layer of a-D film on the Si substrate. Using the conventional photolithography, an array of well-defined diode structures with 20 μm gate diameter were formed. In addition, x-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy were used to characterize the diode structure. Furthermore, the total emission current versus applied gate voltage of the diode electron source was measured. The physics of the emission process from the a-D diode was discussed. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1320458
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitation of sequence copy-number changes in genomic DNA through GenoSensor-based comparative genomic hybridization (1999)
    [s.l.] : Nature America, Inc.
    Nature genetics 23 (1999), S. 64-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Comparative genomic hybridization has been adapted to the microarray format with the GenoSensor™ system, which consists of a unique chromium-coated chip surface, multi-colour fluorescent hybridization chemistry and a wide-field, non-scanning, CCD-based imaging system. In genomic assays ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/14372
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine-mapping of the type 1 diabetes locus (IDDM4) on chromosome 11q and evaluation of two candidate genes (FADD and GALN) by affected sibpair and linkage-disequilibrium analyses (2000)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 106 (2000), S. 14-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Previous studies have identified a susceptibility region for insulin-dependent (type 1) diabetes mellitus on chromosome 11q13 (IDDM4). In this study, 15 polymorphic markers were analyzed for 382 affected sibpair (ASP) families with type 1 diabetes. Our analyses provided additional evidence for linkage for IDDM4 (a peak LOD score of 3.4 at D11S913). The markers with strong linkage evidence are located within an interval of approximately 6 cM between D11S4205 and GALN. We also identified polymorphisms in two candidate genes, Fas-associated death domain protein (FADD) and galanin (GALN). Analyses of the data by transmission/disequilibrium test (TDT) and extended TDT (ETDT) did not provide any evidence for association/linkage with these candidate genes. However, ETDT did reveal significant association/linkage with the marker D11S987 (P=0.0004) within the IDDM4 interval defined by ASP analyses, suggesting that IDDM4 may be in the close proximity of D11S987.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004399900186
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of mutations in patients with autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1 (APS1) (1998)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 103 (1998), S. 681-685 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1 (APS1), also known as autoimmune polyendocrinopathy candidiasis ectodermal dystrophy (APECED), is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the failure of several endocrine glands as well as nonendocrine organs. The autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene responsible for APS1 on chromosome 21q22.3 has recently been identified. Here, we have characterized mutations in the AIRE gene by direct DNA sequencing in 16 unrelated APS1 families ascertained mainly from the USA. Our analyses identified four different mutations (a 13-bp deletion, a 2-bp insertion, one nonsense mutation, and one potential splice/donor site mutation) that are likely to be pathogenic. Fifty-six percent (9/16) of the patients contained at least one copy of a 13-bp deletion (1094–1106del) in exon 8 (seven homozygotes and two compound heterozygotes). A nonsense mutation (R257X) in exon 6 was also found in 31.3% (5/16) of the USA patients. These data are important for genetic diagnosis and counseling for families with autoimmune endocrine syndromes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004390050891
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lengthening of lobster muscle fibres by two age-dependent mechanisms (1977)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 33 (1977), S. 35-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fibres of the lobster accessory flexor muscle elongate by 2 mechanisms: an increase in sarcomere length, which is restricted to their early development and by the addition of serial sarcomeres of a relatively constant size, which prevails throughout the life of the animal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01936738
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