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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2012-10-13
    Description: The US National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke convened major stakeholders in June 2012 to discuss how to improve the methodological reporting of animal studies in grant applications and publications. The main workshop recommendation is that at a minimum studies should report on sample-size estimation, whether and how animals were randomized, whether investigators were blind to the treatment, and the handling of data. We recognize that achieving a meaningful improvement in the quality of reporting will require a concerted effort by investigators, reviewers, funding agencies and journal editors. Requiring better reporting of animal studies will raise awareness of the importance of rigorous study design to accelerate scientific progress.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3511845/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3511845/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Landis, Story C -- Amara, Susan G -- Asadullah, Khusru -- Austin, Chris P -- Blumenstein, Robi -- Bradley, Eileen W -- Crystal, Ronald G -- Darnell, Robert B -- Ferrante, Robert J -- Fillit, Howard -- Finkelstein, Robert -- Fisher, Marc -- Gendelman, Howard E -- Golub, Robert M -- Goudreau, John L -- Gross, Robert A -- Gubitz, Amelie K -- Hesterlee, Sharon E -- Howells, David W -- Huguenard, John -- Kelner, Katrina -- Koroshetz, Walter -- Krainc, Dimitri -- Lazic, Stanley E -- Levine, Michael S -- Macleod, Malcolm R -- McCall, John M -- Moxley, Richard T 3rd -- Narasimhan, Kalyani -- Noble, Linda J -- Perrin, Steve -- Porter, John D -- Steward, Oswald -- Unger, Ellis -- Utz, Ursula -- Silberberg, Shai D -- P01 NS012151/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P30 MH062261/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS006477/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS034774/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS041574/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- T32 MH020016/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- T32 NS007280/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- UL1 RR024160/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- Z99 NS999999/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 Oct 11;490(7419):187-91. doi: 10.1038/nature11556.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23060188" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Publishing/*standards/trends ; Random Allocation ; Research Design/*standards ; Sample Size ; Statistics as Topic
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1983-09-16
    Description: The saccadic system accurately compensates for perturbations of eye position produced by microstimulation of the superior colliculus. This requires that information about the stimulation-induced change in eye position be provided by an extraretinal source--either proprioceptive endings in extraocular muscles or a centrally generated corollary discharge. It is shown that compensation remains intact after elimination of extraocular muscle proprioception, demonstrating that corollary discharge provides accurate eye position information.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Guthrie, B L -- Porter, J D -- Sparks, D L -- F32 EY05651/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- P30 EY03039/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY01189/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Sep 16;221(4616):1193-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6612334" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Eye Movements ; Macaca mulatta ; Oculomotor Muscles/*physiology ; Photic Stimulation ; Proprioception ; *Saccades ; Superior Colliculi/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 34 (1962), S. 213-216 
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 60 (1986), S. 3028-3034 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Using standard multilayer and effective medium models, we determine microstructures that optimize the near-IR-visible normal-incidence optical transmittance of electrically conducting metal films intended for use as semitransparent contacts for semiconductor devices such as photodetectors or photoelectrochemical converters. Various conditions are considered, including unpolarized and linearly polarized light and electrical conduction both parallel and perpendicular to the surface. For linearly polarized light, the optimum microstructure consists of parallel metal lines of nominally square cross section oriented perpendicular to the polarization vector of the incident light, regardless of the direction of electrical conduction. The line separation and cross-sectional dimensions must both be small compared to the wavelength λ. For unpolarized radiation, the optimum microstructure depends on the direction of electrical conduction. For conduction parallel to the surface, the optimum microstructure again consists of parallel lines with the lines oriented perpendicular to the residual linear polarization, if any, of the incident flux. For conduction perpendicular to the surface, the optimum microstructure consists of cylindrical metal posts of dimension small compared to λ. Expressions are derived that allow the thicknesses and refractive indices of protective antireflection coatings to be calculated to first order in the thicknesses of the metal films. The more general case of antireflection coatings for anisotropic structures is briefly discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 40 (1936), S. 37-42 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 89 (1985), S. 4444-4452 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of fusion energy 9 (1990), S. 273-273 
    ISSN: 1572-9591
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1572-9591
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract We have carried out a series of experiments to test the recently claimed observations of cold fusion. In a first experiment, we used an electrochemical cell with a Pd wire cathode. Neutrons were detected by the1H(n,γ) photons from surrounding water and paraffin. In a second experiment, two vacuum-cast Pd disks were the cathodes in “twin” cells, one with H2O, and the other with D2O. The two cells were shuttled every 24 hours between similar detector setups, equipped with neutron, γ- and x-ray detectors. A third experiment was designed to measure production of charged particles, using an Si surface barrier detector viewing the back of a 76-μm thick Pd foil cathode. No statistically-significant evidence of nuclear fusion has been obtained in any of these experiments, either in steady-state operation or in transient response to a variety of perturbations. Upper bounds on the rate of various postulated fusion processes were set including 〈2×10−23 neutrons (dd pair)−1 s−1 for the d(d,n)3He reaction and 〈6×10−25 protons (dd pair)−1 s−1 for the d(d,p)3H reaction (2σ level). Chemical analysis of our electrolytes revealed no anomalous increase in3H concentrations. (PACS numbers: 82.45.+z,29.30.-h,29.70.-e,25.45.-z).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Extraocular muscle ; Cation ; Muscular dystrophy ; Merosin ; dy Mouse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Extraocular muscle is uniquely spared from damage in merosin-deficient congenital muscular dystrophy. Using a murine model, we have tested the hypothesis that the maintenance of calcium homeostasis is mechanistic in extraocular muscle protection. Atomic absorption spectroscopy has demonstrated a strong correlation between the perturbation of calcium homeostasis in hindlimb muscle that is severely damaged and the absence of changes in calcium in extraocular muscle. If, as in other skeletal muscles, extraocular muscle fibers are destabilized by merosin deficiency, we would expect an increase in total muscle calcium coupled with an adaptive response in the high capacity/speed of the sarcoplasmic reticulum of the eye muscle. However, we have not observed the expected increases in total muscle calcium content, Ca2+-ATPase activity, Na+/Ca2+ exchanger content, or smooth ER Ca2+-ATPase content that are predicted by this model. Instead, these results indicate that the increased membrane permeability that characterizes, and is potentially mechanistic in, myofiber degeneration in muscular dystrophy does not occur in merosin-deficient extraocular muscle. Thus, the high-capacity calcium-scavenging systems are not primarily responsible for extraocular muscle protection in muscular dystrophy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Extraocular muscle ; Muscle development ; Myosin heavy chain ; Vestibular development ; Rat (Sprague Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The genetic and epigenetic influences that establish and maintain the unique phenotype of the extraocular muscles (EOMs) are poorly understood. The vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) represents an important input into the EOMs, as it stabilizes eye position relative to the environment and provides a platform for function of all other eye movement systems. A role for vestibular cues in shaping EOM maturation was assessed in these studies using the ototoxic nitrile compound 3’,3’-iminodipropionitrile (IDPN) to eliminate the receptor hair cells that drive the vestibulo-ocular reflex. Intraperitoneal injections of IDPN were followed by a 2-week survival period, after which myosin heavy chain (MyHC) analysis of the EOMs was performed. When IDPN was administered to juvenile rats, the proportion of eye muscle fibers expressing developmental and fast myosins was increased, while EOM-specific MyHC mRNA levels were downregulated. By contrast, IDPN treatment in adult rats affected only the proportion of fibers expressing developmental MyHC isoforms, leaving the EOM-specific MyHC mRNA unaltered. These data provide evidence that the VOR modulates EOM-specific MyHC expression in development. The lack of significant changes in EOM-specific MyHC expression in adult EOM following IDPN administration suggests that there may be a critical period during development when alterations in vestibular activity have significant and permanent consequences for the eye muscles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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