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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Computational mechanics 3 (1988), S. 381-397 
    ISSN: 1432-0924
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Previous work in modeling dynamic fracture has assumed the crack will propagate along predefined mesh lines (usually a straight line). In this paper we present a finite element model of mixed-mode dynamic crack propagation in which this constraint is removed. Applying linear elasto-dynamic fracture mechanics concepts, discrete cracks are allowed to propagate through the mesh in arbitrary directions. The fracture criteria used for propagation and the algorithms used for remeshing are described in detail. Important features of the implementation are the use of triangular elements with quadratic shape functions, explicit time integration, and interactive computer graphics. These combine to make the approach robust and applicable to a broad range of problems. Example analyses of straight and curving crack problems are presented. Verification problems include a stationary crack under dynamic loading and a propagating crack in an infinite body. Comparisons with experimental data are made for curving propagation in a cracked plate under biaxial loading.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0924
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The FRANC3D/STAGS software system has been developed to model curvilinear crack growth in aircraft fuselages. Simulations of fatigue crack growth have been reported previously (Potyondy et al. 1995). This paper presents two enhancements to this system. One is the generalization of the representation of cracks that allows the system to represent realistic damaged structures more accurately. With this capability, parameters that may affect the trajectory of a fatigue crack are studied. Results are compared with measurements from a full-scale test. The second enhancement is to model stable tearing for residual strength prediction. A stable tearing simulation along a crack path that captures the material nonlinearities inherent at the crack tip is performed. The CTOA (Crack Tip Opening Angle) is used as a crack growth criterion to characterize the fracture process under conditions of general yielding. Residual strength of cracked structures is predicted.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Engineering with computers 3 (1987), S. 13-20 
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The introduction of engineering work stations has made it possible for an analyst to describe a two-dimensional finite element model and view its response in a real-time, interactive graphical environment. This interactive environment puts severe performance restrictions on finite element programs. The programs must be able to respond to an analyst's request in a reasonable amount of time. The traditional finite element data structures cannot provide the required performance. This paper introduces a new application of an existing data structure, the winged-edge, which can provide the required performance. The winged-edge data structure is described, with particular emphasis given to its use for finite element analysis. The implementation of the data structure in a fracture analysis program is discussed and a number of examples of its use are presented.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Engineering with computers 2 (1987), S. 167-183 
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Computer modeling of mixed-mode crack propagation has rarely been attempted. This is because of the difficulty in updating the geometrical description to represent the changing crack geometry. The development of two interactive, graphical fracture propagation systems is described here. The Finite Element Fracture Analysis Program—Graphical (FEFAP-G) is a two-dimensional fracture propagation system. The BEM3D is a three-dimensional boundary element fracture propagation system. In addition, the implementation of the BEM3D analysis program in a configuration formed by an FPS-264 processor attached to a VAX-11/750 used as host computer is described. The results show that a realistic three-dimensional boundary element analysis of crack propagation is not only feasible with the aid of attached processors, but it can have its total time reduced by factors of the order of hundreds when compared to VAX alone statistics. In an example problem concerning fatigue crack propagation in a stiffened wing skin, both FEFAP-G and the BEM3D are employed to illustrate the utility of the fracture propagation systems.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Engineering with computers 9 (1993), S. 63-82 
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Keywords: Computational fracture mechanics ; Crack propagation ; Three-dimensional fracture mechanics ; Topological data structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract This paper describes the fundamental modeling approaches adopted for crack nucleation and propagation in a software system that is specifically designed to simulate problems with evolutionary geometry. Only the topological and geometrical aspects of crack modeling, and how these aspects affect the database representation in the system, are addressed in the present discussion. The following are the innovative features of the present crack modeling approach: (a) crack simulation is done with a true geometric representation of the structure, via solid modeling; (b) crack modeling relies on the sophisticated, topology-based data structure of this system to support linkage to the solid model, fast interaction and accurate representation of evolving flaw shapes; (c) the system provides the ability to specify flaws of arbitrary shape (including non-planar flaws), size and orientation at arbitrary locations in the geometric model; (d) the flaw is specified at the desired location in the actual structure geometry, rather than at a location in the mesh; (e) the system uses all its automatic and local remeshing capabilities for the simulation of flaw initiation and growth.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 51 (1991), S. 73-92 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract On April 5, 1987, the New York State Thruway bridge over Schoharie Creek collapsed without warning. The primary cause of failure was scour beneath a plain concrete pier footing. However, a necessary secondary cause was unstable propagation of a single crack in the pier. Conditions for initiation of the curvilinear crack are first evaluated. It is concluded that about 28 feet of scour had to occur to initiate stable process zone formation at the point of initiation, but that at least 44 feet was required to cause unstable cracking. Simulation of propagation was studied using discrete representation in a finite element model and nonlinear fracture mechanics. About 5 feet of propagation was necessary to transition from nonlinear to LEFM. Good agreement was found between observed and predicted final crack trajectories, and load redistribution in the bridge structure was determined to have been a necessary part of the failure process. Discussions concerning the application of the finite element method to crack initiation problems and the use of the size effect to estimate failure conditions in large, plain concrete structures are also presented.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 18 (1982), S. 217-229 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le barreau court est d'une configuration simple et peu coûteuse pour les essais de ténacité à la rupture. Comme il n'est pas encore apparu de calibrage rigoureux du facteur d'intensité de contrainte relatif à cette géométrie, on a entrepris une étude par éléments finis à trois dimensions. Un maillage de plus en plus fin a été utilisé pour étudier la convergence entre la compliance et la longueur de fissuration ainsi que la constante de calibrage sans dimension A, dans l'expression de K Ic. Le long du front de fissuration, on a eu recours à des éléments singuliers en quart point et on a examiné une gamme de longueurs de fissure rapportées au diamètre et comprise entre 0,65 et 1,1. On a envisagé des cas de mises en charge réparties et ponctuelles. Les valeurs polynomiales ont été ajustées par la méthode des moindres carrés grâce aux donnés de compliance et ont été différenciées en vue d'aboutir à des expressions d'un facteur d'intensité de contrainte moyen le long du front de fissure. Les minima de la valeur K I ainsi trouvés ont été obtenus en faisant se correspondre les facteurs d intensité critiques moyens de contrainte et les longueurs de fissuration, on a pu ainsi définir les valeurs de constante de calibration en faisant se correspondre K Ic et K I, et l'on a tiré % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGak0dh9WrFfpC0xh9vqqj-hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0-OqFf% ea0dXdd9vqaq-JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar-Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0-vr% 0-vqpWqaaeaabaGaciaacaqabeaadaqaaqaaaOqaaGqaciaa-feacq% GH9aqpcaaIYaGaaGynaiaac6cacaaI5aGaaeiiaiabgglaXkaabcca% caqGXaGaaeOlaiaabkdacaqG1aaaaa!4227!\[A = 25.9{\text{ }} \pm {\text{ 1}}{\text{.25}}\] pour a c/B=0,86 correspondant à une mise en charge distribuée et % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGak0dh9WrFfpC0xh9vqqj-hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0-OqFf% ea0dXdd9vqaq-JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar-Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0-vr% 0-vqpWqaaeaabaGaciaacaqabeaadaqaaqaaaOqaaGqaciaa-feacq% GH9aqpcaaIYaGaaGimaiaac6cacaaI5aGaaeiiaiabgglaXkaabcca% caqGXaaaaa!4004!\[A = 20.9{\text{ }} \pm {\text{ 1}}\] pour a c/B=0,69 dans le cas d'une mise en charge ponctuelle. La valeur de A correspondant à la mise en charge répartie est en excellent accord avec les valeurs précédemment trouvée 24,4 ± 1,3 et 25,0 et est d'environ 11% supérieure à la valeur généralement recommandée obtenue par une corrélation avec K Ic. On présente également les résultats préliminaires d'une étude de la variation des facteurs d'intensité de contrainte le long du front de fissuration. Ces résultats montrent que le facteur d'intensité des contraintes passe par un maximum aux bords du front de la fissure. Cette observation est conforme à un phénomène inverse à celui du phénomène tunnel, qui est rencontré parfois dans les essais de barreau court. On suggère des recommandations pour une étude numérique complémentaire de la configuration du barreau court.
    Notes: Abstract The short rod is a simple, inexpensive configuration for fracture toughness testing. Since no rigorous analytical stress-intensity factor calibration of this geometry has yet appeared, a three-dimensional finite element study was undertaken. Successively finer meshes were employed to investigate convergence in compliance versus crack length, and the dimensionless calibration constant, A, in the expression% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGak0dh9WrFfpC0xh9vqqj-hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0-OqFf% ea0dXdd9vqaq-JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar-Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0-vr% 0-vqpWqaaeaabaGaciaacaqabeaadaqaaqaaaOqaaGqaciaa-Teada% WgaaWcbaacbaGaa4xmaiaa-ngaaeqaaOGaeyypa0Jaa8NramaaBaaa% leaacaWFJbaabeaakiaa-feacaGFVaGaa43waiaa-jeadaahaaqcba% uabeaalmaalyaajeaqbaGaaG4maaqaaiaaikdaaaaaaOGaaiikaiaa% igdacqGHsislcaWF2bWaaWbaaSqabKqaafaacaWFYaaaaOGaaiykam% aaCaaaleqajeaqbaWaaSGbaeaacaaIXaaabaGaaGOmaaaaaaGccaGG% Dbaaaa!4A74!\[K_{1c} = F_c A/[B^{{3 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {3 2}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} 2}} (1 - v^2 )^{{1 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 2}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} 2}} ]\] Quarter-point singular elements were used along the crack front, and a range of crack lengths 0.65 〈- a/B 〈- 1.1 was investigated. Distributed and point loading cases were considered. Polynomials were least-squares fit through the compliance data and were differentiated to yield expressions for average stress-intensity factor along the crack front% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGak0dh9WrFfpC0xh9vqqj-hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0-OqFf% ea0dXdd9vqaq-JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar-Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0-vr% 0-vqpWqaaeaabaGaciaacaqabeaadaqaaqaaaOqaaGqaciaa-Teada% WgaaWcbaacbaGaa4xmaaqabaGccqGH9aqpdaWadaqaamaalaaabaGa% a8NramaaCaaaleqajeaybaGaa8Nmaaaakiaa-veacaWFNaaabaGaaG% Omaiaa-jgacaWFGaaaamaalaaabaGaa4hzaiaa-neaaeaacaqGKbGa% a8xyaaaaaiaawUfacaGLDbaadaahaaWcbeqcbauaamaalyaabaGaaG% ymaaqaaiaaikdaaaaaaaaa!477B!\[K_1 = \left[ {\frac{{F^2 E'}}{{2b }}\frac{{dC}}{{{\text{d}}a}}} \right]^{{1 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 2}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} 2}} \] Minima of this expression were obtained corresponding to critical average stress-intensity factors and crack lengths. The above expressions were then equated to solve for calibration constant values of, % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGak0dh9WrFfpC0xh9vqqj-hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0-OqFf% ea0dXdd9vqaq-JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar-Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0-vr% 0-vqpWqaaeaabaGaciaacaqabeaadaqaaqaaaOqaaGqaciaa-feacq% GH9aqpcaaIYaGaaGynaiaac6cacaaI5aGaaeiiaiabgglaXkaabcca% caqGXaGaaeOlaiaabkdacaqG1aaaaa!4227!\[A = 25.9{\text{ }} \pm {\text{ 1}}{\text{.25}}\] at a c/B=0.86 for the distributed load case and % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGak0dh9WrFfpC0xh9vqqj-hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0-OqFf% ea0dXdd9vqaq-JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar-Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0-vr% 0-vqpWqaaeaabaGaciaacaqabeaadaqaaqaaaOqaaGqaciaa-feacq% GH9aqpcaaIYaGaaGimaiaac6cacaaI5aGaaeiiaiabgglaXkaabcca% caqGXaaaaa!4004!\[A = 20.9{\text{ }} \pm {\text{ 1}}\] at a c/B=.69 for the point load case. The distributed load case value of A is in very good agreement with previously reported values of 24.4 ± 1.3 and 25.0, and is about 11 percent higher than the currently recommended value obtained through K Ic correlation. Preliminary results of a study of stress-intensity factor variation along the crack front are also presented. They show that maximum stress-intensity factor occurs at the edges of the crack front. This observation is consistent with the reverse tunneling phenomenon sometimes observed in short rod testing. Recommendations for further numerical study of the short rod configuration are suggested.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 45 (1990), S. 19-34 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé On développe une méthode pour estimer les intervalles de confiance sur la direction initiale de propagation d'une fissure et la probabilité d'amorçage d'une fissure dans des problèmes de tension plane et de déformation plane. La méthode tient compte des incertitudes dans les contraintes appliquées, dans la ténacité à la rupture et dans la géométrie de la fissure. Elle est basée sur les théories classiques de la mécanique de rupture linéaire pour les matériaux homogènes et isothropes, sur un code de calcul pour une analyse déterministe de la mécanique de la rupture (FRANC), et sur des algorithmes de fiabilité structurelle du premier et du deuxième ordre (FORM/SORM). Divers exemples sont présentés pour démontrer l'utilisation et la généralisation de la méthode proposée pour l'analyse probabilistique de la mécanique de la rupture.
    Notes: Abstract A method is developed for estimating (i) confidence intervals on the initial direction of crack extension and (ii) the probability of crack initiation in plane stress and plane strain problems. The method accounts for the uncertainty in applied stresses, fracture toughness, and crack geometry. It is based on classical theories of linear fracture mechanics for homogeneous isotropic materials, a computer code for deterministic fracture mechanics analysis (FRANC) and first and second order structural reliability algorithms (FORM/SORM). Several examples are presented to demonstrate the use and generality of the proposed method for probabilistic fracture mechanics analysis.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 14 (1990), S. 27-47 
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: A procedure for numerical approximation to two-dimensional, hydraulically-driven fracture propagation in a poroelastic material is described. The method uses a partitioned solution procedurè to solve a finite element approximation to problems described by the theory of poroelasticity, in conjunction with a finite difference approximation for modelling fluid flow along the fracture. An equilibrium fracture model based on a generalized, Dugdale-Barenblatt concept is used to determine the fracture dimensions. An important feature is that the fracture length is a natural product of the solution algorithm. Two example problems verify the accuracy of the numerical procedure and a third example illustrates a fully-coupled simulation of fracture propagation. Photographs taken from a high-performance engineering workstation provide insight into the nature of the coupling among the physical phenomena.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 4 (1980), S. 25-43 
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: A finite element model for the prediction of discrete fracture propagation in rock structures loaded in compression is presented. The model integrates any one of three theories for mixed-mode fracture initiation; it contains an energy balance algorithm for predicting crack increment length, and incorporates recent developments in finite element stress-intensity factor computation. The predictions of the model are compared with the observed fracture response of a real rock structure. Results show that the model accurately predicts both stable and unstable fracture progagations observed experimentally.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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