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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Model analysis of the effects of soil age, fires and harvesting on the carbon storage of boreal forest soils (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of soil science 49 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Potential causes for changes in the amounts of carbon (C) stored in the soils of boreal forests were studied by measuring the C in the soil along a 5000-year chronosequence in coastal western Finland and using a simple dynamic model of decomposition. The amount of soil C stabilized at an age of about 2000 years. This suggests that the youth of many boreal soils does not make them sinks for atmospheric C. Simulated repeated fires kept the amount of soil C reduced by about 25%, but if fires were prevented then the C in the soil increased. Stored C may thus be less than the potential storage where fires are frequent, and it could be increased by preventing fires. Simulated clear-cutting caused a temporary 5–10% decrease in the amount of soil C over a 20-year period after the harvesting. It also caused a long-term decrease in the amount of soil C such that, after two 100-year rotations, the amount had been decreased by 14%. Stored C is almost certainly less than the potential storage and decreasing where forests are harvested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2389.1998.4930407.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Apparent cation-exchange equilibria in podzolic forest soils (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of soil science 49 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The Gaines–Thomas selectivity coefficient, K, was used to express the relation between the cations in solution and the cations in exchange sites in podzolic forest soils. Soil solution was obtained by centrifuging a fresh bulked soil sample. Exchangeable cations HX, AlX, CaX, MgX and KX and effective cation-exchange capacity, CECe, were determined with 0.1 m BaCl2. Apparent values of K indicated a preference of Ca2+ over Mg2+ and over Al3+ in O, A and B horizons (log KAl–Ca 〈 0 and log KMg–Ca 〈 0), whereas log KK–Ca and log KH–Ca exceeded zero. The horizons were similar with respect to log KH–Ca, and the differences in log KMg–Ca were small. Log KK–Ca and log KAl–Ca increased in the horizons in the order O 〈 A 〈 B. Log KAl–Ca was not significantly correlated with the fraction AlX/CECe. Log KMg–Ca was positively correlated with the fractions HX/CECe and AlX/CECe, and negatively correlated with log (CaX/MgX). The selectivity coefficient of binary cation exchange seemed to be applicable to in situ soil solutions. However, the fraction of each cation on exchange sites should be based on the CECe rather than on the sum of the two cations. The latter, also, seemed to be acceptable in cases of exchangeable cations with a large relative content in soil, e.g. in Al3+–Ca2+ exchange in A and B horizons, and in H+–Ca2+ exchange in O and A horizons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2389.1998.00136.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Equilibria of weak acids and organic Al complexes explain activity of H+ and Al3+ in a salt extract of exchangeable cations (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of soil science 50 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Two sequential extractions with unbuffered 0.1 m BaCl2 were done to study the release of salt-exchangeable H+ and Al from mineral horizons of five Podzols and a Cambisol. Released Al was found to have a charge close to 3+ in all horizons and in both extractions. This finding was supported by the near-equality of the titrated exchangeable acidity (EAT) and the sum of exchangeable acids (EA = He + 3Ale, calculated from the pH and Al concentration of the extract). The ratio between EA of the second and the first extraction was over 0.50 in the Bs2 and C horizons and smaller in the other horizons. H+ was assumed to be in equilibrium with weak acid groups, and the modified Henderson–Hasselbach equation, pKHH = pH − n log (α/(1 − α)), was used to explain pH of the extract. The degree of dissociation (α) was calculated as the ratio between effective and potential cation exchange capacity. Value of the empirical constant n was found to be near unity in most horizons. When the monoprotic acid dissociation was assumed in all horizons, pKHH had the same value in both extractions. For Al3+, two equilibrium models were evaluated, describing (i) complexation reactions of Al3+ with soil organic matter, and (ii) equilibrium with Al(OH)3. Apparent equilibrium constants were written as (i) pKo = xpH − pAl3+, and (ii) log Qgibbs= log Al3+ − 3log H+. The two extractions gave an average reaction stoichiometry x close to 2 in all horizons. Results suggest that an equilibrium with organic Al complexes can be used to express dissolved Al3+, aluminium being apparently bound to bidentate sites. The value of log Qgibbs was below the solubility of gibbsite (log Kgibbs = 8.04) in many horizons. In addition, log Qgibbs of the second extraction was greater than that of the first extraction in all horizons except the C horizon. This indicates that equilibrium with Al(OH)3 cannot explain dissolved Al3+ in the soils. We propose that the models of pKHH and pKo can be used to simulate exchangeable H+ and Al3+ in soil acidification models.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2389.1999.00265.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prediction of Near-Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity in Three Podzolic Boreal Forest Soils (2000)
    Springer
    Soil Science Society of America journal 64 (2000), S. 485-491 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-0661
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: K ) were calculated using an exponential model. Measurements were conducted in four mineral soil horizons at three forest sites, representing contrasting textures. The analysis was concentrated on K at −0.35 kPa [K(−0.35)] since this potential corresponds to the 1-mm pore diam., which is often considered to be the limit between macropores and mesopores. The average K(−0.35) of the site varied in the parent soils of the three sites from 0.46 to 40.98 cm h−1, while in the two uppermost horizons the variability was smaller: 0.30 to 0.69 cm h−1. Three multiple linear regression models of log[K(−0.35)] were constructed by stepwise regression analysis. The retained water content at the seven potentials; textural fractions; dry bulk density; and Al, Fe, and C contents were suggested as predictor variables. In addition, simple functions of these variables were suggested. In Model 1, all horizons were included (n = 83); in Model 2, all horizons except the upper illuvial horizon were included (n = 61); and in Model 3, only the lowest horizon was included (n = 20). Adding predictor variables increased r 2 in all models. The water content at −100 kPa, which depends on pore-size distribution and C content (which produce a strong retarding effect on water flow), were the most important predictors for K(−0.35). Similarly, by gradually excluding horizons where pedological and biological processes had changed the structure and pore-size distribution, r 2 increased from 0.86 (Model 1) to 0.99 (Model 3).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Apparent Cation – Exchange Equilibria and Aluminium Solubility in Solutions Obtained from Two Acidic Forest Soils by Centrifuge Drainage Method and Suction Lysimeters (2000)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 119 (2000), S. 23-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: acidification model ; aluminium ; cation–exchange ; centrifuging ; lysimeter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Apparent cation–exchange equilibria and solubility of aluminium were analysed in two acidic forest soils: a Cambisol and a Cambic Podzol. Soil solution was obtained by a centrifuge drainage method from fresh soil samples and with suction lysimeters. The total positive charge of the measured cations as well as the concentrations of the cations were generally much larger in the centrifugates than in the lysimeter solutions, which implies that total charge of soil solution is larger in small pores than in large pores. Hydrogen ion in particular was concentrated in some of the centrifugates, the ratio centrifugate:lysimeter solution being over 10. The total positive charge of the measured cationsdecreased with increasing depth with both methods. Theapparent cation–exchange coefficients K H-Ca, K Al-Ca, and K K-Ca had different values in the methods, and the variation in the cation exchange coefficients was larger in the lysimeter method than in the centrifuging method. The coefficient K Mg-Ca had similar values in both methods. The results imply that mobile solution could not have cation–exchange equilibria with bulk exchangeable cations in the soils, although solution in small pores seemed to have equilibria. Solubility of Al did not follow the solubility of an Al(OH)3 phase in the centrifugates, and the centrifugates with a H+ activity larger than 60 μmol were undersaturated with respect to the gibbsite. Solubility of Al was between gibbsite and amorphousAl(OH)3 in the lysimeter solutions. Differencesbetween the centrifugates and the lysimeter solutionsin the ion concentrations and in the apparent chemicalequilibria were similar for both soils studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005182122367
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  • 6
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    Water Retention Capacity in Coarse Podzol Profiles Predicted from Measured Soil Properties (2002)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0361-5995
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-0661
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Wiley
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  • 7
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    Prediction of Near-Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity in Three Podzolic Boreal Forest Soils (2000)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0361-5995
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-0661
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Wiley
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  • 8
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    The effects of soil and air temperature on CO2 exchange and net biomass accumulation in Norway spruce, Scots pine and silver birch seedlings (2012)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-06-23
    Description: Soil temperature is proposed to affect the photosynthetic rate and carbon allocation in boreal trees through sink limitation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of temperature on CO 2 exchange, biomass partitioning and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi of boreal tree species. We measured carbon allocation, above- and below-ground CO 2 exchange and the species composition of associated ECM fungi in the rhizosphere of Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.), Norway spruce ( Picea abies K.) and silver birch ( Betula pendula Roth) seedlings grown in soil maintained at 7–12, 12–15 and 16–22 °C. We found increased root biomass and photosynthetic rate at higher soil temperatures, but simultaneously with photosynthesis rate, higher temperature generally increased soil respiration as well as shoot, and root and rhizosphere respiration. The net CO 2 exchange and seedling biomass did not increase significantly with increasing temperature due to a concomitant increase in carbon assimilation and respiration rates. The 2-month-long growth period in different soil temperatures did not alter the ECM fungi species composition and the below-ground carbon sink strength did not seem to be directly related to ECM biomass and species composition in any of the tree species. Ectomycorrhizal species composition and number of mycorrhiza did not explain the CO 2 exchange results at different temperatures.
    Print ISSN: 0829-318X
    Electronic ISSN: 1758-4469
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 9
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    15N natural abundance of foliage and soil across boreal forests of Finland (2006)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-06-05
    Print ISSN: 0168-2563
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-515X
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
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    Water Retention Capacity in Coarse Podzol Profiles Predicted from Measured Soil Properties (2002)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0361-5995
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-0661
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Wiley
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