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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Shadowgraphic and emission imaging spectroscopic studies of the laser ablation of graphite in an Ar gas atmosphere (1999)
    Springer
    Applied physics 69 (1999), S. S223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 61.46.tw; 81.05.Tp
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Laser ablation of graphite in an Ar atmosphere at 560 Torr was done using a nanosecond-pulse Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm) at a fluence of 12 J/cm2. Dynamics in the ejection of carbon species and in their confinement near the graphite surface (〈1 mm) due to their numerous collisions with Ar atoms were investigated by shadowgraphy, emission imaging, and emission spectroscopy at delay times of 0.01–100 μs following the laser irradiation. A shock wave was generated, and temporally and spatially dependent emissions from Ar+ and Ar were observed in addition to those from carbon species (C, C+, and C2) and the Bremsstrahlung radiation from a hot plasma. We suggest that the dissipation of the kinetic and thermal energies of the carbon species, their backward motion, and their collisions with each other lead to the formation of clusters and particles through the interaction with Ar atoms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003399900216
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for anomalously small charge transfer in doped single-wall carbon nanohorn aggregates with Li, K and Br (2000)
    Springer
    Applied physics 71 (2000), S. 561-564 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 61.48.+c; 78.30.Na; 82.45.+z
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Chemical doping of single-wall carbon nanohorns (SWNHs) with K and Br was examined by vapor-phase reaction and studied by Raman scattering. Electro-chemical Li-ion doping using an electrolyte of LiAsF6 in a mixture (1:1 by volume) of ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate was also carried out. All these experiments indicate that an anomalously small charge transfer occurs in saturation-doped SWNHs using these reagents, in sharp contrast to the behavior observed for single-wall carbon nanotube bundles and graphite. This rather remarkable result is not understood at present.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003390000681
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron Irradiation Effects in Silicon Thin Foils Under Ultra-High Vacuum Environment (1997)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 258-263 (Dec. 1997), p. 553-558 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/03/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.258-263.553.pdf
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural studies by high-resolution electron microscopy: tetragonal tungsten bronze-type structures in the system Nb2O5–WO3 (1974)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 30 (1974), S. 22-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The contrast in many-beam lattice images from very thin crystals of 4Nb2O5. 9WO3 is shown to be directly related to its known structure. On the basis of this correlation, the structure of 2Nb2O5.7WO3 is derived from the observed image contrast; it is an ordered intergrowth of the ReO3 and tetragonal tungsten bronze structural types. The structures of typical fault boundaries and disordered intergrowths are described, and those of the reported compounds 6Nb2O3. 11WO3 and 3Nb2O5.8WO3 are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0567739474000039
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural studies by electron microscopy: coherent intergrowth of the ReO3 and tetragonal tungsten bronze structure types in the system Nb2O5–WO3 (1974)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 30 (1974), S. 29-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: High-resolution lattice images from WO3-rich compositions in the system Nb2O5-WO3 contain direct evidence for the coherent intergrowth of extensive domains of several orientations of the ReO3-type structure with the more complex tetragonal tungsten bronze-type structure. A model for the transformation between the two structure types is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0567739474000040
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-resolution electron microscopy of McGillite. II. Polytypism and disorder (1982)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 38 (1982), S. 695-702 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A new series of polytypes of a sheet silicate mineral, mcGillite, has been found using high-resolution electron microscopy. Their crystal structures are described in terms of the stacking sequence of the one-layer monoclinic structure [Iijima (1982) Acta Cryst. A38, 685-694]. Multiplicity of the polytypes results from regular occurrences of the 120° rotation twinning on the basal (001) plane. The two- and three-layer polytypes found in the present study are both monoclinic and are different from two-layer schallerite and three-layer friedelite, belonging to the family of manganpyrosmalite and being reported as trigonal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0567739482001405
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct observation of lattice defects in H-Nb2O5 by high resolution electron microscopy (1973)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 29 (1973), S. 18-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Detailed two-dimensional lattice images, showing metal-atom positions in crystals of H-Nb2O5 quenched from the melt have been observed using a sophisticated electron microscope in both ordered and heavily disordered regions. The blocks in the structure were well ordered along the b axis, but heavily disordered in the ac plane; the sub-cell structure of ReO3 was still perfectly retained. Four kinds of planar defects, oriented parallel to low-index planes in the host structure, were revealed in the ordered region. Some of these planar defects produce non-stoichiometry. A new polymorph of Nb2O5, having the same structure as PNb9O25, was found in one of the defect structures, and several other new phases of Nb2O5 were observed in the heavily disordered region. Incoherently packed blocks and unusual-size blocks played an important role as one of possible origins of the defect planes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0567739473000045
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct observation of point defects in Nb12O29 by high-resolution electron microscopy (1973)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 29 (1973), S. 632-636 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Point defects have been observed directly in non-stoichiometric niobium oxides, Nb12O29, by high- resolution electron microscopy at a resolution of 3-4 Å. A proposed model for the point defect is a complex composed of two interstitial metal atoms and two interstitial oxygen atoms. Observations have been made on the annealing out of these defects under electron irradiation. Evidence on the density of these defects offers a semi-quantitative explanation of how the non-stoichiometric oxygen excess in these oxides is accommodated in the matrix structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0567739473001610
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Refinement of the defect structure of `GeNb9O25' by high-resolution electron microscopy (1976)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 32 (1976), S. 799-805 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: It has been previously established that calculations of intensity distributions in high-resolution electron-microscope images of crystal structures can reproduce the experimental observations. The use of comparisons Of observed and computed images for structure analysis has been extended for the first time to the refinement of a defect structure in the case of crystals of nominal composition 'GeNb9O25. The results show that previously proposed models for the disordered atom configurations around 'tetrahedral' sites are not completely correct. A new model is proposed which shows good agreement between computed and observed images. This model suggests an interpretation for observations on other related structures in terms of a new type of defect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0567739476001630
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Periodicity in thickness of electron-microscope crystal-lattice images (1973)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 29 (1973), S. 710-714 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: High-resolution electron micrographs of crystal lattices showing a recognizable correlation of intensity with atom positions are normally obtained only for very thin crystals (less than about 100 Å thick). For some crystals of niobium and titanium-niobium oxides, it has been observed that this thin-crystal contrast is repeated for thicknesses of the order of 1000 Å. This is regarded as evidence that under conditions of high symmetry of excitation, the wave field in the crystal is essentially periodic with distance in the beam direction if a particular relationship exists between the structure amplitudes and the excitation errors for the diffraction process. This is confirmed by calculations made for f.c.c. lattices with Cu, CuAu3, or Au atoms and for a range of wavelengths.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0567739473001737
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