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  • 1
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    Palaeoecology and Biostratigraphy of Graptolites : Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference of the Graptolite Working Group of the International Palaeontological Association held at Cambridge University, 1-15 September 1981 (1986)
    Oxford, London, Edinburgh, Boston, Palo Alto, Melbourne : Blackwell Scientific Publications
    Details
    Keywords: Graptolithen ; Tonschiefer
    Description / Table of Contents: R. B. Rickards and A. J. Chapman: Preface / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:vii-ix, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.01 --- J. Rigby: A critique of graptolite classification, and a revision of the suborders Diplograptina and Monograptina / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:1-12, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.02 --- Adam Urbanek and Piotr Mierzejewski: A possible new pattern of cortical deposit in Tremadoc dendroid graptolites from chert nodules / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:13-19, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.03 --- Bernd-Dietrich Erdtmann: On the anisograptid affiliation of ‘Dictyonema’ flabelliforme (Eichwald 1840) and its nomenclatural consequences / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:21-25, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.04 --- A. C. Lenz and D. E. Jackson: Arenig and Llanvirn graptolite biostratigraphy, Canadian Cordillera / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:27-45, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.05 --- Stanley C. Finney and Stig M. Bergström: Biostratigraphy of the Ordovician Nemagraptus gracilis Zone / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:47-59, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.06 --- Stig M. Bergström: Biostratigraphic integration of Ordovician graptolite and conodont zones—a regional review / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:61-78, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.07 --- N. W. Schleiger: Cluster analysis of isograptid individuals from Bullengarook, Victoria, Australia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:79-96, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.08 --- Nils Spjeldnaes: Astogenetic development of some lower Ordovician graptolites from Norway / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:97-102, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.09 --- Stanley C. Finney: Heterochrony, punctuated equilibrium, and graptolite zonal boundaries / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:103-113, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.10 --- Jianhua Yu and Yiting Fang: The Ordovician graptolite-bearing strata of Xiushui drainage basin, Jiangxi, southern China and their correlation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:115-117, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.11 --- Charles E. Mitchell: Morphometric studies of Climacograptus (Hall) and the phylogenetic significance of astogeny / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:119-129, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.12 --- Li-pu Fu: Graptolite zones of upper Ordovician to middle Silurian age in a continuous section at Ziyang, Shaanxi, China / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:131-134, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.13 --- William B.N. Berry: Stratigraphic significance of Glyptograptus persculptus group graptolites in central Nevada, U.S.A. / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:135-143, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.14 --- P. Legrand: The lower Silurian graptolites of Oued In Djerane: a study of populations at the Ordovician-Silurian boundary / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:145-153, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.15 --- A.M. Obut and N.V. Sennikov: Graptolite zones in the Ordovician and Silurian of the Gorny Altai / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:155-164, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.16 --- S. Henry Williams: Top Ordovician and lowest Silurian of Dob’s Linn / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:165-171, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.17 --- Shi-cheng Huo and De-gan Shu: The Silurian graptolite-bearing strata in China / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:173-179, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.18 --- Merete Bjerreskov: Silurian graptolites from N Greenland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:181-189, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.19 --- Bao Deng: On the morphological characteristics of the spiralis group and the stratigraphic significance of the appearance of Cyrtograptus / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:191-195, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.20 --- Shi-cheng Huo, De-gan Shu, and Fu Li-pu: A mathematical study of the Cyrtograptus sakmaricus lineage with discussions of the evolutionary trends in this lineage / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:197-205, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.21 --- A. M. Obut and N. M. Zaslavskaya: Families of Retiolitida and their phylogenetic relations / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:207-219, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.22 --- D. E. B. Bates and N. H. Kirk: Mode of secretion of graptolite periderm, in normal and retiolite graptolites / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:221-236, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.23 --- J. Paškevičius: Assemblages of Silurian graptolites in various facies of the East Baltic region / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:237-245, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.24 --- Milena Mihajlović Pavlović: Silurian graptolites from Serbia, Yugoslavia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:247, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.25 --- D. C. Palmer: The monotypic ‘population’ accompanying the lectotype of Saetograptus varians (Wood 1900) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:249-259, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.26 --- P. N. Dilly: Modern pterobranchs: observations on their behaviour and tube building / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 20:261-269, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.020.01.27
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 277 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
    ISBN: 0632010711
    URL: http://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/20/1
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    The Antarctic Circumpolar Current System (2001)
    In:  EPIC3In: Ocean Circulation and Climate / G. Siedler, J. Church and J. Gould, eds. New York : Academic Press. p., pp. 271-302, ISBN: 0-12-641351-7
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-16
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Inbook , peerRev
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  • 3
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    The Antarctic Circumpolar Current System (1999)
    In:  EPIC3Berichte aus dem Fachbereich Physik No. 94, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Bremerhaven
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-16
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , notRev
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  • 4
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    Global Ground Truth Validation of GRACE Gravity Measurements by Ocean Bottom Pressure (2007)
    In:  EPIC3European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2007, Vienna, Austria 20 April 2007., 15
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-16
    Description: The GRACE satellite mission observes the gravity field of the Earth with unprecedented accuracy. Gravity field products provided by the GRACE Science Data System allow to assess both the static geoid, as well as time-varying signals associated with changes of global water mass distribution. For estimating the capability of spaceborne gravity measurements to detect the temporal variability of oceanic mass distribution and currents, the GRACE data is validated against in-situ measurements of ocean bottom pressure (OBP) provided by Pressure Sensors located at the sea floor.In the framework of a joint BMBF (German Ministry for Education and Research) project, a database that includes globally available OBP observations is presented here. This database is used to carry out a comprehensive ground-truth validation of GRACE. The capability of GRACE solutions from different analysis centers to capture oceanic mass variability is assessed by comparisons with in-situ OBP data from the Southern Ocean, Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is shown, that GRACE detects real oceanic variability in regions with a high signal-to-noise ratio (e.g. the Antarctic Circumpolar Current), and that reduced noise levels of more recent GRACEsolutions may improve GRACE performance in other parts of the Ocean (e.g. the tropical Atlantic). The ground-truth validation against OBP aids the further improvement of GRACE data processing that in the future GRACE may be used to monitor geostrophic transport variability and water mass changes on a global scale.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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  • 5
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    Geodetic Observations of the ocean surface topography, geoid, currents, and changes in ocean mass and volume (2009)
    ESA
    In:  EPIC3Proceedings of OceanObs09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society (Vol. 2), Venice, Italy, 21-25 September 2009, Hall, J., Harrison D.E. & Stammer, D., Eds., ESA Publication WPP-306., Proceedings of OceanObs’09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society (Vol. 2), ESA, Public
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-07-04
    Description: The tools of geodesy have the potential to transform the Ocean Observing System. Geodetic observations are unique in the way that these methods produce accurate, quantitative, and integrated observations of gravity, ocean circulation, sea surface height, ocean bottom pressure, and mass exchanges among the ocean, cryosphere, and land. These observations have made fundamental contributions to the monitoring and understanding of physical ocean processes. In particular, geodesy is the fundamental science to enable determination of an accurate geoid model, allowing estimate of absolute surface geostrophic currents, which are necessary to quantify ocean’s heat transport. The present geodetic satellites can measure sea level, its mass component and their changes, both of which are vital for understanding global climate change. Continuation of current satellite missions and the development of new geodetic technologies can be expected to further support accurate monitoring of the ocean. The Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS) of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG) provides the means for integrating the geodetic techniques that monitor the Earth's time-variable surface geometry (including ocean, hydrologic, land, and ice surfaces), gravity field, and Earth rotation/orientation into a consistent system for measuring ocean surface topography, ocean currents, ocean mass and volume changes. This system depends on both globally coordinated ground-based networks of tracking stations as well as an uninterrupted series of satellite missions. GGOS works with the Group on Earth Observations (GEO), the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) and space agencies to ensure the availability of the necessary expertise and infrastructure. In this white paper, we summarize the community consensus of critical oceanographic observables currently enabled by geodetic systems, and the requirements to continue such measurements. Achieving this potential will depend on merging the remote sensing techniques with in situ measurements of key variables as an integral part of the Ocean Observing System.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 6
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    Variability and change in the west Antarctic Peninsula marine system: research priorities and opportunities (2019)
    PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
    In:  EPIC3Progress In Oceanography, PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 173, pp. 208-237, ISSN: 0079-6611
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-04-26
    Description: The west Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) region has undergone significant changes in temperature and seasonal ice dynamics since the mid-twentieth century, with strong impacts on the regional ecosystem, ocean chemistry and hydrographic properties. Changes to these long-term trends of warming and sea ice decline have been observed in the 21st century, but their consequences for ocean physics, chemistry and the ecology of the high-productivity shelf ecosystem are yet to be fully established. The WAP shelf is important for regional krill stocks and higher trophic levels, whilst the degree of variability and change in the physical environment and documented biological and biogeochemical responses make this a model system for how climate and sea ice changes might restructure high-latitude ecosystems. Although this region is arguably the best-measured and best-understood shelf region around Antarctica, significant gaps remain in spatial and temporal data capable of resolving the atmosphere-ice-ocean-ecosystem feedbacks that control the dynamics and evolution of this complex polar system. Here we summarise the current state of knowledge regarding the key mechanisms and interactions regulating the physical, biogeochemical and biological processes at work, the ways in which the shelf environment is changing, and the ecosystem response to the changes underway. We outline the overarching cross-disciplinary priorities for future research, as well as the most important discipline-specific objectives. Underpinning these priorities and objectives is the need to better-define the causes, magnitude and timescales of variability and change at all levels of the system. A combination of traditional and innovative approaches will be critical to addressing these priorities and developing a co-ordinated observing system for the WAP shelf, which is required to detect and elucidate change into the future.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-frequency capillary waves on the clean surface of water (1991)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Langmuir 7 (1991), S. 2419-2421 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5827
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la00059a002
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of buffered sublingual captopril in patients with congestive heart failure (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 49 (1996), S. 471-476 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Congestive heart failure ; Captopril ; sublingual ; pharmacokinetic ; pharmacodynamic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of buffered sublingual captopril were assessed in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). Methods: The study was carried out in a randomised single-blind cross-over fashion (n=6, 4 males and 2 females) and involved two study days, at least 7 days apart. Baseline measurements were carried out for plasma renin activity (PRA), blood pressure (B.P.) and heart rate (H.R.). Captopril (12.5 mg) was administered sublingually with dibasic potassium phosphate which maintained salivary pH at 7, or perorally with 100 ml of water. Further B.P., H.R. measurements and venous blood samples were taken over a 3 hour period post-drug administration. Blood samples were analysed for captopril and PRA levels. Results: tmax after buffered sublingual administration of captopril, which ranged from 40–60 min (median=40 min), was significantly shorter than after peroral administration (range 60–120 min, median=90 min). Cmax was slightly greater after buffered sublingual than after peroral administration with mean values of 108.2 vs. 94.0 ng·ml−1. AUC values were similar after both routes of administration. Systolic and diastolic B.P. vs. time profiles for each administration method were significantly different i.e. sublingual administration produced an earlier reduction in B.P., however, HR did not differ significantly between the two routes. Conclusion: The data indicate that this novel administration method of captopril leads to an increased rate, but an unchanged extent of captopril absorption, suggesting a modest therapeutic advantage with the use of buffered sublingual captopril if a rapid reduction in blood pressure is required.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00195933
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Buccal absorption of enalapril and lisinopril (1998)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 54 (1998), S. 609-614 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words Enalapril ; Lisinopril ; Buccal absorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: The buccal absorption of captopril does not exhibit the classical pH/partition hypothesis, suggesting that mechanisms other than passive diffusion are involved in its absorption; animal studies have suggested that a peptide carrier-mediated transport system may be responsible for its absorption. The present study evaluated the effects of pH on octanol partitioning, and on the buccal absorption of enalapril and lisinopril, using in vitro techniques and buccal partitioning in human volunteer subjects. Methods: The partitioning of enalapril and lisinopril into n-octanol was examined over the pH range of 3–9 at room temperature. Results: Enalapril exhibited maximal partitioning into the organic phase at pH 4–5; minimal partitioning was recorded at pH values 8 and 9. The partitioning of lisinopril into n-octanol was found to be maximal at pH 9 and minimal at pH 3. Using the buccal absorption technique, the partitioning of enalapril and lisinopril (0.5 mg), was examined in six healthy male volunteers from buffered solutions (pH 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9). In the case of enalapril, lowest buccal partitioning occurred at pH 3, 8 and 9, while maximal partitioning occurred at pH 5; absorption of lisinopril was not extensive at any pH, but was greatest at pH 6. These results, in addition to the n-octanol partition coefficients, indicated that enalapril obeyed the normal lipid partition hypothesis with respect to buccal absorption. The buccal absorption of lisinopril also obeyed the lipid partition hypothesis over the pH range 3–7. These findings are in direct contrast to those for captopril. The buccal partitioning experiments were repeated at the maximal pH for absorption for each angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, but with the addition of cephradine (0.05 mmol · l−1). Conclusion: The data indicated that the presence of this peptide transport inhibitor had no effect on the buccal absorption of enalapril (0.06 mmol · l−1) and lisinopril (0.057 mmol · l−1), which suggests that both drugs do not share a common buccal absorption pathway with cephradine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002280050522
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of pH on the buccal and sublingual absorption of captopril (1995)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 48 (1995), S. 373-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Captopril ; sublingual ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacodynamics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of pH on the buccal and sublingual absorption of captopril was evaluated using in vitro techniques and human studies. Partitioning of captopril into n-octanol was lowest over the pH range 5 to 8 and highest at pH values 3, 4 and 9. Using the buccal absorption technique, the partitioning of captopril (2 mg) was examined in six healthy male volunteers from buffered solutions (pH 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9). Lowest buccal partitioning occurred at pH 3 while maximal buccal partitioning occurred at pH 7. These data clearly indicated that the buccal absorption of captopril did not obey the classical pH/partition hypothesis suggesting that mechanisms other than passive diffusion were involved in its absorption. Captopril pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters were determined after administration of buffered sublingual captopril (pH 7, optimal pH for absorption as determined from the buccal partitioning data) and unbuffered sublingual captopril. The study was performed in eight healthy volunteers in a randomised single-blind cross-over fashion. The tmax for captopril was found to be approximately 11 minutes earlier after buffered versus unbuffered sublingual administration and AUC0–30 min increased by approximately 30% in the case of buffered captopril. Cpmax, AUC0–180 min and relative bioavailability did not differ between the buffered and unbuffered administration. Pharmacodynamic parameters (BP, heart rate and plasma renin activity) did not differ significantly between buffered and unbuffered sublingual administration. The increased rate of captopril absorption after buffered sublingual administration was small and is likely to offer little therapeutic advantage over conventional sublingual formulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00194953
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