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  • 1
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Fifty years of the Wilson Cycle Concept in plate tectonics (2019)
    London : The Geological Society
    Associated volumes
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    Call number: 9/M 07.0421(470)
    In: Geological Society Special Publication
    Description / Table of Contents: Fifty years ago, Tuzo Wilson published his paper asking ‘Did the Atlantic close and then re-open?’. This led to the ‘Wilson Cycle’ concept in which the repeated opening and closing of ocean basins along old orogenic belts is a key process in the assembly and breakup of supercontinents. The Wilson Cycle underlies much of what we know about the geological evolution of the Earth and its lithosphere, and will no doubt continue to be developed as we gain more understanding of the physical processes that control mantle convection, plate tectonics, and as more data become available from currently less accessible regions. This volume includes both thematic and review papers covering various aspects of the Wilson Cycle concept. Thematic sections include: (1) the Classic Wilson v. Supercontinent Cycles, (2) Mantle Dynamics in the Wilson Cycle, (3) Tectonic Inheritance in the Lithosphere, (4) Revisiting Tuzo's question on the Atlantic, (5) Opening and Closing of Oceans, and (6) Cratonic Basins and their place in the Wilson Cycle.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: vi, 490 Seiten , Illustrationen, 1 Karte
    ISBN: 978-1-78620-383-0
    Series Statement: Geological Society Special Publication 470
    URL: https://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/470/1
    Language: English
    Location: Reading room
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 2
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    Fifty Years of the Wilson Cycle Concept in Plate Tectonics (2019)
    London : The Geological Society
    Details
    Keywords: Wilson Cycle ; plate tectonics
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction --- Fifty years of the Wilson Cycle concept in plate tectonics: an overview / R. W. Wilson, G. A. Houseman, S. J. H. Buiter, K. J. W. McCaffrey and A. G. Doré / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 470, 1-17, 25 July 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP470-2019-58 --- The Classic Wilson v. Supercontinent Cycles --- The classic Wilson cycle revisited / Ian W. D. Dalziel and John F. Dewey / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 470, 19-38, 9 February 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP470.1 --- Supercontinents: myths, mysteries, and milestones / Daniel Pastor-Galán, R. Damian Nance, J. Brendan Murphy and Christopher J. Spencer / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 470, 39-64, 8 May 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP470.16 --- Supercontinents and the case for Pannotia / R. Damian Nance and J. Brendan Murphy / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 470, 65-86, 1 March 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP470.5 --- Mantle Dynamics in the Wilson Cycle --- Mantle plumes and mantle dynamics in the Wilson cycle / Philip J. Heron / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 470, 87-103, 19 November 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP470-2018-97 --- Tectonic Inheritance in the Lithosphere --- Tectonic inheritance, structure reactivation and lithospheric strength: the relevance of geological history / A. M. C. Şengör, Nalan Lom and Nurbike G. Sağdıç / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 470, 105-136, 15 March 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP470.8 --- Exploring the theory of plate tectonics: the role of mantle lithosphere structure / Philip J. Heron, Russell N. Pysklywec and Randell Stephenson / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 470, 137-155, 1 March 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP470.7 --- Potential role of lithospheric mantle composition in the Wilson cycle: a North Atlantic perspective / Pauline Chenin, Suzanne Picazo, Suzon Jammes, Gianreto Manatschal, Othmar Müntener and Garry Karner / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 470, 157-172, 6 March 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP470.10 --- Rheological inheritance: lessons from the Death Valley region, US Basin and Range Province / Rodrigo D. Lima, Nicholas W. Hayman and Elena Miranda / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 470, 173-204, 21 May 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP470.14 --- Multi-phase reactivations and inversions of Paleozoic–Mesozoic extensional basins during the Wilson cycle: case studies from the North Sea (UK) and the Northern Apennines (Italy) / Vittorio Scisciani, Stefano Patruno, Enrico Tavarnelli, Fernando Calamita, Paolo Pace and David Iacopini / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 470, 205-243, 3 May 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP470-2017-232 --- Revisiting Tuzo's question on the Atlantic --- Examining the influence of tectonic inheritance on the evolution of the North Atlantic using a palinspastic deformable plate reconstruction / Bridget E. Ady and Richard C. Whittaker / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 470, 245-264, 19 March 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP470.9 --- Role of Avalonia in the development of tectonic paradigms / J. Brendan Murphy, R. Damian Nance, J. Duncan Keppie and Jaroslav Dostal / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 470, 265-287, 23 March 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP470.12 --- Diachronous Paleozoic accretion of peri-Gondwanan terranes at the Laurentian margin / John W. F. Waldron, David I. Schofield and J. Brendan Murphy / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 470, 289-310, 29 March 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP470.11 --- Inversion of Taconian extensional structures during Paleozoic orogenesis in western Newfoundland / Shawna E. White and John W. F. Waldron / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 470, 311-336, 6 June 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP470.17 --- Tectonic inheritance at multiple scales during more than two complete Wilson cycles recorded in eastern North America / William A. Thomas / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 470, 337-352, 9 February 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP470.4 --- Late Paleozoic extensional reactivation of the Rheic–Rhenohercynian suture zone in SW England, the English Channel and Western Approaches / Andrew C. Alexander, Robin K. Shail and Brian E. Leveridge / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 470, 353-373, 4 January 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP470.19 --- Opening and Closing of Oceans --- Non-Wilsonian break-up predisposed by transforms: examples from the North Atlantic and Arctic / E. R. Lundin and A. G. Doré / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 470, 375-392, 21 February 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP470.6 --- The Jan Mayen microplate complex and the Wilson cycle / Christian Schiffer, Alexander Peace, Jordan Phethean, Laurent Gernigon, Ken McCaffrey, Kenni D. Petersen and Gillian Foulger / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 470, 393-414, 1 February 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP470.2 --- The subduction initiation stage of the Wilson cycle / Robert Hall / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 470, 415-437, 19 February 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP470.3 --- 3D numerical modelling of the Wilson cycle: structural inheritance of alternating subduction polarity / Stéphane J. Beaussier, Taras V. Gerya and Jean-Pierre Burg / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 470, 439-461, 2 May 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP470.15 --- Cratonic Basins and their place in the Wilson Cycle --- Cratonic basins and the Wilson cycle: a perspective from the Parnaíba Basin, Brazil / M. C. Daly, B. Tozer and A. B. Watts / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 470, 463-477, 3 May 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP470.13
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 490 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme
    ISBN: 9781786203830
    URL: https://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/470/1
    Language: English
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Boundary Conditions and Efficient Solution Algorithms For the Potential Function Formulation of the 3-D Viscous Flow Equations (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 100 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: For incompressible viscous creeping flows that occur in a number of geophysical situations, the velocity field may be expressed as the curl of a vector potential function, the use of which allows the momentum equation to be written as a biharmonic equation. the 3-D Cartesian formulation for a constant viscosity fluid is summarized here with special reference to two important types of boundary condition: the stress-free boundary (with zero normal velocity and zero tangential stress) and the rigid boundary (with all components of velocity zero). Fast algorithms for inversion of the biharmonic operator with all boundaries stress-free are well established. There also exists a fast method for the solution of the biharmonic equation with a parallel pair of rigid boundaries with the other boundaries stress-free. This method has not previously been applied, but it is a relatively straightforward extension of the Fourier transform based algorithm for the stress-free problem, using an analytical solution to enforce the required boundary conditions for each horizontal harmonic component. the method is easily vectorized and allows solutions to be obtained that compare very favourably in accuracy and solution time with those for the stress-free problem. the errors are of comparable magnitude given the differing harmonic content required by the boundary conditions, and the solution requires between 20 per cent (for a 3-D problem) and 30 per cent (for a 2-D problem) more processing time than does the solution of a comparable stress-free problem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1990.tb04565.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The thermal structure of mantle plumes: axisymmetric or triple-junction? (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 102 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: A mantle plume is probably a complex 3-D thermal structure that possesses approximate axisymmetry as it approaches the base of the lithosphere from below, but followed down towards the base of the layer, probably consists of a triple-junction or quadruple-junction of connected hot sheets. A relatively weak hot sheet rising only part way through the layer probably connects two neighbouring mantle plumes. These conclusions are suggested by numerical experiments on a 3-D constant-viscosity, plane layer with stress-free boundaries, which detail the gradational change in the planform of a convecting layer from the top of the layer to its base. the planform of a convecting layer is a map in the horizontal plane of the principal thermal anomalies in the layer. These anomalies are the main sources of positive (for hot fluid) or negative (for cold fluid) buoyancy, and therefore they drive the convective flow. They may appear in cross-section as structures with either axial symmetry (columns), planar symmetry (sheets) or some complex asymmetric form. When convection is driven at least partially by basal heating, the planform near the top of the layer may be described as a network of cold sinking sheets and isolated hot columns, while near the base of the layer it appears as a network of hot rising sheets and isolated cold columns. the hot columns near the upper surface arise from the vertices or nodes of the network of hot sheets on the lower surface, and similarly the cold columns at the base of the layer form below the vertices of the network of cold sheets near the upper surface. Near the upper surface, the apparent planform of this experiment is analogous to that of mantle convection, the cold sheets compared to subduction zones and the hot columns compared to mantle plumes. the hot plumes impinging on the upper surface produce approximately axisymmetric temperature anomalies, surface uplift and extensional stress fields. However, the relatively minor deviations from axisymmetry of surface observables reflect the deep structure of the mantle plume, formed by the junction of three or four hot sheets on the base of the layer. It seems likely that the commonly occurring triple-junction form of continental rifts may reflect an underlying structure that is implicit in the convective circulation of the mantle beneath.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1990.tb00527.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mixing properties of three-dimensional (3-D) stationary convection (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 7 (1995), S. 1027-1033 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Passive tracers in steady-state three-dimensional (3-D) convective flows with infinite Prandtl number, which is relevant for the Earth's mantle, show a remarkable flow structure. Individual flowlines as shown by Poincare sections of the tracer paths lie on a two-dimensional (2-D) surface with distorted toroidal topology. Furthermore, the space occupied by the convecting fluid is filled by a set of these toroidal surfaces nested one within another. The small radius of the innermost toroidal surface approaches zero, defining a closed streamline whose location we have determined in specific cases using numerical solutions. The outermost of the toroidal surfaces coincides with the upper and lower surfaces of the layer and with vertical symmetry planes which separate the flow between neighboring cells. Both square and hexagonal convection planforms show a triangular cellular structure with triangles defined by (π/2,π/4,π/4) and (π/2,π/6,π/3), respectively. The outer toroidal surface is closed by a horizontal flow line through the middle of the cell. The numerical experiments suggest that streamlines are not generally closed in any small number of orbits. Instead the toroidal surface appears to be progressively filled in by the trace of a single streamline which, in successive orbits, is displaced across the surface without returning to the same path. This flow structure ensures that, while extreme shear strains can occur, particularly in the vicinity of the cell separatrices, mixing of the material only occurs in 2D. Tracers initially on one toroidal surface remain on that surface indefinitely. Like for 2-D convective flow, time dependence of the solution appears to be a necessary prerequisite for thorough spatial mixing to occur. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.868614
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seismicity, normal faulting, and the geomorphological development of the Gulf of Corinth (Greece): the Corinth earthquakes of February and March 1981
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Earth and Planetary Science Letters 57 (1982), S. 377-397 
    Details
    ISSN: 0012-821X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(82)90158-3
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the geodynamic setting of kimberlite genesis
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Earth and Planetary Science Letters 67 (1984), S. 109-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 0012-821X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0012-821X(84)90043-8
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  • 8
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    Instability of a lithospheric step beneath western North Island, New Zealand (2013)
    Geological Society of America (GSA)
    In: Geology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-03-22
    Description: Lithospheres of different thicknesses are often juxtaposed by movement on a continental-transform boundary. Such a boundary with a step change in densities may trigger a gravitational instability as lateral pressure gradients are created where normal mantle lithosphere terminates against less dense asthenospheric mantle. Here we show, for plausible values of the lithospheric viscosity, a mechanism by which the thicker mantle lithosphere will drip off into the lower density asthenosphere. As the mantle deforms it also progressively thickens and then thins the overlying crust, creating a topographic wave that migrates in concert with the removal of mantle lithosphere. Within western North Island, New Zealand, geophysical data define a sharp lithospheric step across the Taranaki-Ruapehu line, and geological observations provide a history of uplift and subsidence that has propagated southward in the past 12 m.y. The rate of observed north to south migration of the wave (~30 mm/yr), its wavelength (~250 km), and amplitude (~±1 km) are compatible with it being caused by progressive removal of mantle lithosphere, if the viscosity of the uppermost lithospheric mantle is ~5 x 10 20 Pa·s, providing one of the clearest examples yet of this fundamental geological process.
    Print ISSN: 0091-7613
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-2682
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society of America (GSA)
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  • 9
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    Crustal structure of the Carpathian-Pannonian region from ambient noise tomography (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-10-09
    Description: We use ambient noise tomography to investigate the crust and uppermost mantle structure beneath the Carpathian–Pannonian region of Central Europe. Over 7500 Rayleigh wave empirical Green's functions are derived from interstation cross-correlations of vertical component ambient seismic noise recordings (2005–2011) using a temporary network of 54 stations deployed during the South Carpathian Project (2009–2011), 56 temporary stations deployed in the Carpathian Basins Project (2005–2007) and 100 permanent and regional broad-band stations. Rayleigh wave group velocity dispersion curves (4–40 s) are determined using the multiple-filter analysis technique. Group velocity maps are computed on a grid of 0.2° 0.2° from a non-linear 2-D tomographic inversion using the subspace method. We then inverted the group velocity maps for the 3-D shear wave velocity structure of the crust and uppermost mantle beneath the region. Our shear wave velocity model provides a uniquely complete and relatively high-resolution view of the crustal structure in the Carpathian–Pannonian region, which in general is validated by comparison with previous studies using other methods to probe the crustal structure. At shallow depths (〈10 km) we find relatively high velocities below where basement is exposed (e.g. Bohemian Massif, Eastern Alps, most of Carpathians, Apuseni Mountains and Trans-Danubian Ranges) whereas sedimentary areas (e.g. Vienna, Pannonian, Transylvanian and Foçsani Basins) are associated with low velocities of well defined depth extent. The mid to lower crust (16–34 km) below the Mid-Hungarian Line is associated with a broad NE–SW trending relatively fast anomaly, flanked to the NW by an elongated low-velocity region beneath the Trans-Danubian Ranges. In the lowermost crust and uppermost mantle (between 30 and 40 km), relatively low velocities are observed beneath the Bohemian Massif and Eastern Alps but the most striking features are the broad low velocity regions beneath the Apuseni Mountains and most of the Carpathian chain, which likely is explained by relatively thick crust. Finally, most of the Pannonian and Vienna Basin regions at depths 〉30 km are relatively fast, presumably related to shallowing of the Moho consequent on the extensional history of the Pannonian region.
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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  • 10
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    Aggregated seed arrival alters plant diversity in grassland communities (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-01-25
    Description: Aims Species aggregation is commonly seen in plant communities and may increase diversity by causing intraspecific competition to exceed interspecific competition. One potential source of this spatial aggregation is seed dispersal but it is unclear to what extent aggregated seed distributions affect plant diversity in real communities. Using a field experiment, I tested whether uniform or aggregated seed arrival alters community structure and whether these effects vary with sowing density. Methods The experiment consisted of two spatial seeding treatments (uniform and aggregated) that were fully crossed with three seed density treatments. Sixty, 3 x 4-m plots were arrayed in a low-diversity grassland located in Kansas, USA. Each plot was divided into forty-eight, 0.5 x 0.5-m patches. For aggregated seeding treatments, each of the 15 species was sown into three randomly selected patches within the plot (3 x 15 = 45). To create a uniform species arrival but control for the seed addition method, all 15 species were sown into 45 individual patches (with three patches remaining unsown) within each plot. Seed mass for each species was held constant at the plot scale between uniform or aggregated treatments within a given level of the sowing density treatment. After two growing seasons, plant density was quantified for all sown species in 15 randomly selected patches from each plot. Important Findings I found evidence for shifts in community structure in response to the different spatial seeding patterns. The evenness of added species was higher under aggregated than uniform sowing patterns. There was no detectable effect of aggregated seed sowing on species richness at 3.75 m 2 scale. However, when species richness was extrapolated to larger scales (11.25 m 2 ), aggregated sowing was predicted to have greater richness than uniform sowing. Effects of seed aggregation on community structure were apparent only at moderate to high sowing rates, yet the latter are within the range of measured seed dispersal in similar grasslands. Additionally, as sowing density increased, seed mass became an increasingly effective predictor of relative abundances for added species, but only under uniform sowing patterns supporting the idea that aggregated dispersal may buffer weaker (smaller seeded) species from competition during colonization. This is the first experiment to show that aggregated seed dispersal patterns can increase at least some components of plant diversity in undisturbed grasslands and suggests that previous seed dispersal experiments, which utilize uniform seed sowing, may underestimate the potential effect of dispersal on plant community structure.
    Print ISSN: 1752-993X
    Electronic ISSN: 1752-9921
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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