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  • 1
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    Unknown
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Webb, Alison L; Malin, Gill; Hopkins, Frances E; Ho, Kai Lam; Riebesell, Ulf; Schulz, Kai Georg; Larsen, Aud; Liss, Peter S (2016): Ocean acidification has different effects on the production of dimethylsulfide and dimethylsulfoniopropionate measured in cultures of Emiliania huxleyi and a mesocosm study: a comparison of laboratory monocultures and community interactions. Environmental Chemistry, 13(2), 314, https://doi.org/10.1071/EN14268
    Publication Date: 2024-02-01
    Description: The human-induced rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide since the industrial revolution has led to increasing oceanic carbon uptake and changes in seawater carbonate chemistry, resulting in lowering of surface water pH. In this study we investigated the effect of increasing CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) on concentrations of volatile biogenic dimethylsulfide (DMS) and its precursor dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), through monoculture studies and community pCO2 perturbation. DMS is a climatically important gas produced by many marine algae: it transfers sulfur into the atmosphere and is a major influence on biogeochemical climate regulation through breakdown to sulfate and formation of subsequent cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Overall, production of DMS and DMSP by the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi strain RCC1229 was unaffected by growth at 900 µatm pCO2, but DMSP production normalised to cell volume was 12 % lower at the higher pCO2 treatment. These cultures were compared with community DMS and DMSP production during an elevated pCO2 mesocosm experiment with the aim of studying E. huxleyi in the natural environment. Results contrasted with the culture experiments and showed reductions in community DMS and DMSP concentrations of up to 60 and 32 % respectively at pCO2 up to 3000 µatm, with changes attributed to poorer growth of DMSP-producing nanophytoplankton species, including E. huxleyi, and potentially increased microbial consumption of DMS and dissolved DMSP at higher pCO2. DMS and DMSP production differences between culture and community likely arise from pH affecting the inter-species responses between microbial producers and consumers.
    Keywords: Chloroiodomethane; DATE/TIME; Day of experiment; Dibromochloromethane; Dibromomethane; Diiodomethane; Dimethyl sulfide, dissolved; Dimethylsulfoniopropionate; Dimethylsulfoniopropionate, particulate; Iodoethane; Iodomethane; KOSMOS_2011_Bergen; MESO; Mesocosm experiment; Mesocosm label; Raunefjord; SOPRAN; Surface Ocean Processes in the Anthropocene; Treatment; Tribromomethane
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 2590 data points
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  • 2
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Webb, Alison L; Leedham-Elvidge, Emma; Hughes, Claire; Hopkins, Frances E; Malin, Gill; Bach, Lennart Thomas; Schulz, Kai Georg; Crawfurd, Katharine J; Brussaard, Corina P D; Stuhr, Annegret; Riebesell, Ulf; Liss, Peter S (2016): Effect of ocean acidification and elevated fCO2 on trace gas production by a Baltic Sea summer phytoplankton community. Biogeosciences, 13(15), 4595-4613, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4595-2016
    Publication Date: 2024-03-06
    Description: The Baltic Sea is a unique environment as the largest body of brackish water in the world. Acidification of the surface oceans due to absorption of anthropogenic CO2 emissions is an additional stressor facing the pelagic community of the already challenging Baltic Sea. To investigate its impact on trace gas biogeochemistry, a large-scale mesocosm experiment was performed off Tvärminne Research Station, Finland in summer 2012. During the second half of the experiment, dimethylsulphide (DMS) concentrations in the highest fCO2 mesocosms (1075-1333 µatm) were 34 % lower than at ambient CO2 (350 µatm). However the net production (as measured by concentration change) of seven halocarbons analysed was not significantly affected by even the highest CO2 levels after 5 weeks exposure. Methyl iodide (CH3I) and diiodomethane (CH2I2) showed 15 % and 57 % increases in mean mesocosm concentration (3.8 ± 0.6 pmol L-1 increasing to 4.3 ± 0.4 pmol L-1 and 87.4 ± 14.9 pmol L-1 increasing to 134.4 ± 24.1 pmol L-1 respectively) during Phase II of the experiment, which were unrelated to CO2 and corresponded to 30 % lower Chl-? concentrations compared to Phase I. No other iodocarbons increased or showed a peak, with mean chloroiodomethane (CH2ClI) concentrations measured at 5.3 (± 0.9) pmol L-1 and iodoethane (C2H5I) at 0.5 (± 0.1) pmol L-1. Of the concentrations of bromoform (CHBr3; mean 88.1 ± 13.2 pmol L-1), dibromomethane (CH2Br2; mean 5.3 ± 0.8 pmol L-1) and dibromochloromethane (CHBr2Cl, mean 3.0 ± 0.5 pmol L-1), only CH2Br2 showed a decrease of 17 % between Phases I and II, with CHBr3 and CHBr2Cl showing similar mean concentrations in both Phases. Outside the mesocosms, an upwelling event was responsible for bringing colder, high CO2, low pH water to the surface starting on day t16 of the experiment; this variable CO2 system with frequent upwelling events implies the community of the Baltic Sea is acclimated to regular significant declines in pH caused by up to 800 µatm fCO2. After this upwelling, DMS concentrations declined, but halocarbon concentrations remained similar or increased compared to measurements prior to the change in conditions. Based on our findings, with future acidification of Baltic Sea waters, biogenic halocarbon emissions are likely to remain at similar values to today, however emissions of biogenic sulphur could significantly decrease from this region.
    Keywords: BIOACID; Biological Impacts of Ocean Acidification; Chloroiodomethane; DATE/TIME; Day of experiment; Dibromochloromethane; Dibromomethane; Diiodomethane; Dimethyl sulfide, dissolved; Iodoethane; Iodomethane; KOSMOS_2012_Tvaerminne; MESO; Mesocosm experiment; Mesocosm label; SOPRAN; Surface Ocean Processes in the Anthropocene; Treatment; Tribromomethane
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 1911 data points
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Description: The ubiquitous marine trace gas dimethyl sulfide (DMS) comprises the greatest natural source of sulfur to the atmosphere and is a key player in atmospheric chemistry and climate. We explore the short-term response of DMS production and cycling and that of its algal precursor dimethyl sulfoniopropionate (DMSP) to elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) and ocean acidification (OA) in five 96 h shipboard bioassay experiments. Experiments were performed in June and July 2011, using water collected from contrasting sites in NW European waters (Outer Hebrides, Irish Sea, Bay of Biscay, North Sea). Concentrations of DMS and DMSP, alongside rates of DMSP synthesis and DMS production and consumption, were determined during all experiments for ambient CO2 and three high-CO2 treatments (550, 750, 1000 µatm). In general, the response to OA throughout this region showed little variation, despite encompassing a range of biological and biogeochemical conditions. We observed consistent and marked increases in DMS concentrations relative to ambient controls (110% (28-223%) at 550 µatm, 153% (56-295%) at 750 µatm and 225% (79-413%) at 1000 µatm), and decreases in DMSP concentrations (28% (18-40%) at 550 µatm, 44% (18-64%) at 750 µatm and 52% (24-72%) at 1000 µatm). Significant decreases in DMSP synthesis rate constants (µDMSP /d) and DMSP production rates (nmol/d) were observed in two experiments (7-90% decrease), whilst the response under high CO2 from the remaining experiments was generally indistinguishable from ambient controls. Rates of bacterial DMS gross consumption and production gave weak and inconsistent responses to high CO2. The variables and rates we report increase our understanding of the processes behind the response to OA. This could provide the opportunity to improve upon mesocosm-derived empirical modelling relationships and to move towards a mechanistic approach for predicting future DMS concentrations.
    Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Aragonite saturation state; Bacteria; Bicarbonate ion; Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (〈20 L); Calcite saturation state; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Coast and continental shelf; Coulometric titration; D366_E1; D366_E2; D366_E3; D366_E4; D366_E5; Dimethyl sulfide; Dimethylsulfoniopropionate; Entire community; Event label; EXP; Experiment; Flag; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); High nucleic acid bacteria; Identification; Laboratory experiment; Low nucleic acid bacteria; Nitrate; North Atlantic; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Open ocean; Other metabolic rates; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Pelagos; pH; Phosphate; Potentiometric titration; Salinity; Silicate; Temperate; Temperature, water; Time in hours; Treatment; Type; UKOA; United Kingdom Ocean Acidification research programme
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 13439 data points
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  • 4
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Nunes, Joana; McCoy, Sophie J; Findlay, Helen S; Hopkins, Frances E; Kitidis, Vassilis; Queirós, Ana M; Rayner, Lucy; Widdicombe, Stephen (2016): Two intertidal, non-calcifying macroalgae (Palmaria palmata and Saccharina latissima) show complex and variable responses to short-term CO2 acidification. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 73(3), 887-896, https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsv081
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Description: Ocean acidification, the result of increased dissolution of carbon dioxide (CO2) in seawater, is a leading subject of current research. The effects of acidification on non-calcifying macroalgae are, however, still unclear. The current study reports two 1-month studies using two different macroalgae, the red alga Palmaria palmata (Rhodophyta) and the kelp Saccharina latissima (Phaeophyta), exposed to control (pHNBS = 8.04) and increased (pHNBS = 7.82) levels of CO2-induced seawater acidification. The impacts of both increased acidification and time of exposure on net primary production (NPP), respiration (R), dimethylsulphoniopropionate (DMSP) concentrations, and algal growth have been assessed. In P. palmata, although NPP significantly increased during the testing period, it significantly decreased with acidification, whereas R showed a significant decrease with acidification only. S. latissima significantly increased NPP with acidification but not with time, and significantly increased R with both acidification and time, suggesting a concomitant increase in gross primary production. The DMSP concentrations of both species remained unchanged by either acidification or through time during the experimental period. In contrast, algal growth differed markedly between the two experiments, in that P. palmata showed very little growth throughout the experiment, while S. latissima showed substantial growth during the course of the study, with the latter showing a significant difference between the acidified and control treatments. These two experiments suggest that the study species used here were resistant to a short-term exposure to ocean acidification, with some of the differences seen between species possibly linked to different nutrient concentrations between the experiments.
    Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard deviation; Ammonium; Aragonite saturation state; Area; Benthos; Bicarbonate ion; Bicarbonate ion, standard deviation; Calcite saturation state; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate ion, standard deviation; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Chromista; Coast and continental shelf; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or 〈 1 m**2); Dimethylsulfoniopropionate; Duration, number of days; EXP; Experiment; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Gross primary production of oxygen; Growth/Morphology; Height; Identification; Laboratory experiment; Macroalgae; Migration; Mount_Batten_OA; Net primary production of oxygen; Nitrate; Nitrate and Nitrite; Nitrite; North Atlantic; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Ochrophyta; Other metabolic rates; Palmaria palmata; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); pH; pH, standard deviation; Phosphate; Plantae; Position; Potentiometric; Potentiometric titration; Primary production/Photosynthesis; Registration number of species; Respiration; Respiration, oxygen; Rhodophyta; Saccharina latissima; Salinity; Salinity, standard deviation; Silicate; Single species; Species; Temperate; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, standard deviation; Treatment; Type; Uniform resource locator/link to reference; Width
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 13295 data points
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Aragonite saturation state; Baltic Sea; Bicarbonate ion; Calcite saturation state; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Chloroiodomethane; Coast and continental shelf; DATE/TIME; Day of experiment; Dibromochloromethane; Dibromomethane; Diiodomethane; Dimethyl sulfide, dissolved; Dissolved silica, colorimetric (Mullin & Riley, 1955); Entire community; Field experiment; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Iodoethane; Iodomethane; KOSMOS_2012_Tvaerminne; MESO; Mesocosm experiment; Mesocosm label; Mesocosm or benthocosm; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Other metabolic rates; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Pelagos; pH; Phosphorus, inorganic, dissolved; Salinity; Silicate; SOPRAN; Surface Ocean Processes in the Anthropocene; Temperate; Temperature, water; Treatment; Tribromomethane; Type
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 4098 data points
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Keywords: 19-Butanoyloxyfucoxanthin; 1-Iodoethane; 1-Iodopropane; 2-Iodopropane; Algae, biomass as carbon; Algae, fatty acids; Algae abundance; Alkaline phosphatase; Alkalinity, Gran titration (Gran, 1950); Alkalinity, total; Alloxanthin; alpha-Carotene, beta,epsilon-Carotene; Ammonium; Aphanizophyll; Aragonite saturation state; Arctic; Bacteria; Bacteria, biomass as carbon; Bacteria, fatty acids; Bacteria, high DNA fluorescence; Bacteria, low DNA fluorescence; Bacterial/community respiration, oxygen, ratio; Bacterial biomass production of carbon; Bacterial biomass production of carbon, standard deviation; Bacterial production; Bacterial production, standard deviation; beta-Carotene, beta,beta-Carotene; Bicarbonate ion; BIOACID; Biogenic silica; Biological Impacts of Ocean Acidification; Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition; Bromochloromethane; Bromoiodomethane; Calanus finmarchicus, δ13C; Calcite saturation state; Calculated; Calculated from linear regression; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbon, inorganic, particulate; Carbon, organic, dissolved; Carbon, organic, particulate; Carbon, total, particulate; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Carbon dioxide, flux per mesocosm; Chloroiodomethane; Chlorophyll a; Chlorophyll a, areal concentration; Chlorophyll b; Chlorophyll c1+c2; Chlorophyll c3; Chlorophytes; Cirripedia, larvae, δ13C; Coast and continental shelf; Community composition and diversity; Coulometry; Cryptophytes; Cyanobacteria, biomass per area; DATE/TIME; delta 13C labeling method; Diadinoxanthin; Diatoxanthin; Dibromochloromethane; Dibromomethane; Diiodomethane; Dimethyl sulfide, dissolved; Dimethylsulfoniopropionate; Entire community; EPOCA; EUR-OCEANS; European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis; European Project on Ocean Acidification; Exudation as determined by 14C DOC production; Exudation as determined by 14C DOC production, standard deviation; Field experiment; Flow cytometry; Fucoxanthin; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Gas chromatography - Mass spectrometry (GC-MS); GC-PFPD; Gross community production of oxygen; Hand-operated CTD (Sea&Sun Technology, CTD 60M); High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC); Identification; Iodomethane; Kongsfjorden-mesocosm; MESO; Mesocosm experiment; Mesocosm or benthocosm; Myxoxanthophyll; Nanoplankton; Neoxanthin; Net community production, standard deviation; Net community production of carbon dioxide; Net community production of oxygen; Nitrate; Nitrite; Nitrogen, organic, dissolved; Nitrogen, organic, particulate; Nitrous oxide; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Other metabolic rates; Oxygen; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Pelagos; Peridinin; pH; Phosphate; Phosphorus, organic, dissolved; Phosphorus, organic, particulate; Phytoplankton, biomass per area; Picophytoplankton; Polar; Prasinoxanthin; Primary production/Photosynthesis; Primary production of POC as determined by 14C POC production; Primary production of POC as determined by 14C POC production, standard deviation; Pulsed flame photometric detector - gas chromatography; Respiration; Respiration, oxygen, bacterial; Respiration, oxygen, bacterial, standard error; Respiration, oxygen, community; Respiration, oxygen, community, standard error; Salinity; Sample comment; Sigmas; Silicon; Svalbard; Temperature, water; Thymidine incorporation; Time, incubation; Transfer velocity, carbon dioxide; Transfer velocity, dimethyl sulfide; Transfer velocity, nitrous oxide; Tribromomethane; Turbidity (Formazin Turbidity Unit); Violaxanthin; Viral abundance; Virus/bacteria ratio; Viruses; Water content of mesocosm; Zeaxanthin; Δδ13C; δ13C, algae; δ13C, bacteria; δ13C, dissolved inorganic carbon; δ13C, dissolved organic carbon; δ13C, particulate organic carbon
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 35076 data points
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Scientometrics 6 (1984), S. 33-53 
    ISSN: 1588-2861
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Information Science and Librarianship , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Abstract Twenty-one authors were selected from NicholasMullins' 1972 lists of leaders in two emergent sociological theory groups, new causal theory and ethnomethodology. Data on cocitation of their works for the periods 1972–1976 and 1977–1981 were extracted from theSocial Scisearch database and subjected to factor analysis and multidimensional scaling programs. Interpretation of the results, based on examination of a sample of the cited literature, confirmed Mullins' division of these authors into two distinct groups. The evidence indicates that ethnomethodology is neither dying out nor becoming more alienated from mainstream sociology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1984-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0138-9130
    Electronic ISSN: 1588-2861
    Topics: Information Science and Librarianship , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Published by Springer
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2020-02-27
    Description: The marine trace gas dimethylsulfide (DMS) is the single most important biogenic source of atmospheric sulfur, accounting for up to 80% of global biogenic sulfur emissions. Approximately 300 million tons of DMS are produced annually, but the majority is degraded by microbes in seawater. The DMS precursor dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and oxidation product dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) are also important organic sulfur reservoirs. However, the marine sinks of dissolved DMSO remain unknown. We used a novel combination of stable and radiotracers to determine seasonal changes in multiple dissolved organic sulfur transformation rates to ascertain whether microbial uptake of dissolved DMSO was a significant loss pathway. Surface concentrations of DMS ranged from 0.5 to 17.0 nM with biological consumption rates between 2.4 and 40.8 nM·d−1. DMS produced from the reduction of DMSO was not a significant process. Surface concentrations of total DMSO ranged from 2.3 to 102 nM with biological consumption of dissolved DMSO between 2.9 and 111 nM·d−1. Comparisons between 14C2-DMSO assimilation and dissimilation rates suggest that the majority of dissolved DMSO was respired (〉94%). Radiotracer microbial consumption rates suggest that dissimilation of dissolved DMSO to CO2 can be a significant loss pathway in coastal waters, illustrating the significance of bacteria in controlling organic sulfur seawater concentrations.
    Electronic ISSN: 2076-2607
    Topics: Biology
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2020-01-16
    Description: Emissions of dimethylsulfide (DMS) from the polar oceans play a key role in atmospheric processes and climate. Therefore, it is important to increase our understanding of how DMS production in these regions may respond to climate change. The polar oceans are particularly vulnerable to ocean acidification (OA). However, our understanding of the polar DMS response is limited to two studies conducted in Arctic waters, where in both cases DMS concentrations decreased with increasing acidity. Here, we report on our findings from seven summertime shipboard microcosm experiments undertaken in a variety of locations in the Arctic Ocean and Southern Ocean. These experiments reveal no significant effects of short-term OA on the net production of DMS by planktonic communities. This is in contrast to similar experiments from temperate north-western European shelf waters where surface ocean communities responded to OA with significant increases in dissolved DMS concentrations. A meta-analysis of the findings from both temperate and polar waters (n=18 experiments) reveals clear regional differences in the DMS response to OA. Based on our findings, we hypothesize that the differences in DMS response between temperate and polar waters reflect the natural variability in carbonate chemistry to which the respective communities of each region may already be adapted. If so, future temperate oceans could be more sensitive to OA, resulting in an increase in DMS emissions to the atmosphere, whilst perhaps surprisingly DMS emissions from the polar oceans may remain relatively unchanged. By demonstrating that DMS emissions from geographically distinct regions may vary in their response to OA, our results may facilitate a better understanding of Earth's future climate. Our study suggests that the way in which processes that generate DMS respond to OA may be regionally distinct, and this should be taken into account in predicting future DMS emissions and their influence on Earth's climate.
    Print ISSN: 1726-4170
    Electronic ISSN: 1726-4189
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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