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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ectomycorrhizae of Lactarius lignyotus on Norway spruce, characterized by anatomical and molecular tools (1995)
    Springer
    Mycorrhiza 5 (1995), S. 175-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1890
    Keywords: Ectomycorrhizae ; Characterization and identification ; Lactarius lignyotus ; Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) ; Restriction digest
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The ectomycorrhizae of Lactarius lignyotus on Norway spruce are comprehensively described by morphological and anatomical characteristics. Identification of ectomycorrhizae was performed by tracing mycelia to the fruitbodies and also by molecular tools, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the fungal DNA. The newly described ectomycorrhiza is compared to ectomycorrhiza of the related Lactarius picinus. The amplified DNA products of the two fungi and their ectomycorrhizae could be distinguished by characteristic fragments after digestion with Hinf1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00203334
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bacterial endophytes from seeds of Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 244 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Endophytic bacteria from wooden plants and especially seed-associated endophytes are not well studied. Fresh seeds collected from four Norway spruce trees (Picea abies) from different locations in the Slovene subalpine region were surface-sterilised and dissected into a seed coat, embryo and endosperm. The presence of endophytes was detected by culturing methods and by direct amplification of the eubacterial 16S rDNA gene. Both approaches identified bacteria from genera Pseudomonas and Rahnella in the Norway spruce seeds. Both are known plant-associated bacteria with growth-promoting properties and biological control potential. We suggest that plant seeds could serve as a vector for transmission of beneficial bacteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femsle.2005.02.008
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the unambiguity of n-tuple languages (1975)
    Springer
    Computing 15 (1975), S. 71-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5057
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es werden einige Sätze über die Erhaltung der Eindeutigkeit von n-tupel-Sprachen präsentiert. Weiters wird der Begriff der „n-stratified” Mengen als Verallgemeinerung der von Ginsburg definierten „stratified” Mengen eingeführt und damit eine notwendige und hinreichende Charakterisierung der beschränkten eindeutigen n-tupel-Sprachen — in Analogie zu den beschränkten eindeutigen umgebungsunabhängigen Sprachen — angegeben.
    Notes: Abstract Several results concerning the preservation of unambiguity in n-tuple languages are presented here. Furthermore, the notion of n-stratified sets — as appropriate generalization of the straified sets defined by Ginsburg — is introduced and a necessary and sufficient characterisation result for bounded unambiguous n-tuple languages analogous to bounded unambiguous context free languages is given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02252838
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  • 4
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    Seismic investigation of the continental margin off- and onshore Valparaiso, Chile (1998)
    In:  Tectonophysics, Tokyo, Terra Scientific Publishing Company, vol. 288, no. 1-4, pp. 251-263, pp. B03312, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998
    Keywords: Fluh ; Deep seismic sounding (espec. cont. crust) ; Sea seismics ; Huene
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 5
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    3D simultaneous seismic refraction and reflection tomography of wide-angle data from the central Chilean margin (1999)
    In:  Geophys. Res. Lett., Taipei, 3-4, vol. 26, no. 16, pp. 2577-2580, pp. 1429, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999
    Keywords: Three dimensional ; Refraction seismics ; Reflection seismics ; Tomography ; Velocity depth profile ; Subduction zone ; South ; America ; GRL
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 6
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    Influence of soil temperature on growth traits of European beech seedlings (2015)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-01
    Description: European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) is an economically and ecologically important forest tree species in Europe. Expected future temperature increases due to global climate change may significantly affect growth of beech trees and consequently influence carbon cycling in beech forests. We tested the hypothesis that soil temperature influences the growth of both belowground and aboveground parts of beech seedlings. One-year-old seedlings were transferred into rhizotrons and subjected to two different soil temperatures for 2 years while the soil moisture level was kept constant. The main effect of the soil temperature was a changed biomass of the woody part of the seedlings. Soil temperature significantly influenced the biomass of shoots and roots and diameter of the stem, which were the highest for the seedlings grown in conditions of soil temperatures maintained in the range of summer soil temperatures from the site of origin of the seedlings. Increased soil temperature also resulted in increased specific root length and specific root tip density. Root-to-shoot ratio and leaf parameters (leaf mass, number of leaves, and specific leaf area), except for leaf area ratio, were not influenced by soil temperature.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 7
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    Response of ectomycorrhizal community structure to gap opening in natural and managed temperate beech-dominated forests (2009)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-07-01
    Description: Data on the impact of forest management practices on ectomycorrhizal community structure remains fragmentary and mainly originates from studies in northern coniferous forests. This study focuses on a comparison of ectomycorrhizal communities between canopy gaps and closed canopy areas within natural and managed beech-dominated forests at four locations in Europe. We used high resolution rDNA techniques to identify ectomycorrhiza-forming fungi and attempted to extract potential stand-, gap-, soil-, and selected environmentally derived variables by applying multivariate analysis and ordination for pooling of ecological groups of ectomycorrhiza. A significant reduction of diversity indices, ectomycorrhizal and fine root dynamics, in gaps in comparison with closed canopy stands indicates an effect of forest management practice and the high importance of maintaining and protecting natural forest areas for conservation of soil biodiversity and forest genetic resources. The ordination analysis revealed three groups of ectomycorrhiza correlated with changing environmental conditions. The litter and soil pH, number of beech seedlings, and presence of a gap had a pronounced effect on the ectomycorrhizal community. Combined analysis of ectomycorrhiza and environmental factors using correspondence analysis provided an insight into the ecological preferences of the analysed species and confirmed that environmental factors drive ectomycorrhizal community changes.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 8
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    Forests, Vol. 10, Pages 258: Assessment of Genetic Diversity and Population Genetic Structure of Norway Spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karsten) at Its Southern Lineage in Europe. Implications for Conservation of Forest Genetic Resources (2019)
    MDPI
    In: Forests
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: In the present paper we studied the genetic diversity and genetic structure of five Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karsten) natural populations situated in Serbia, belonging to the southern lineage of the species at the southern margin of the species distribution range. Four populations occur as disjunct populations on the outskirts of the Dinaric Alps mountain chain, whereas one is located at the edge of Balkan Mountain range and, therefore, can be considered as ecologically marginal due to drier climatic conditions occurring in this region. Due to the negative effect of biotic and abiotic stress factors, the sustainability of these populations is endangered, making conservation of their genetic resources one of the key measures of Norway spruce persistence in Serbia under climatic changes. The insight on genetic diversity and genetic structure of the studied spruce populations can provide the information required for the initiation of programs aimed at the conservation and utilization of spruce genetic resources at the rear edge of species environmental limits. Norway spruce genetic variation and population genetic structure were estimated using eight EST-SSR markers. The results showed that mean expected heterozygosity was 0.616 and allelic richness 10.22. Genetic differentiation among populations was low (Fst = 0.007). No recent bottleneck effect or isolation by distance were detected. Bayesian clustering, obtained with STRUCTURE, grouped the populations into two genetic clusters, whereas UPGMA analysis distinguished three main groups approximately in line with the geographic area of occurrence. Based on the study results and the EUFORGEN Pan-European strategy for genetic conservation of forest trees, the establishment of additional dynamic gene conservation units must be considered in Serbia in order to protect the adaptive and neutral genetic diversity of the species.
    Electronic ISSN: 1999-4907
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by MDPI
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  • 9
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    Vulnerability of dynamic genetic conservation units of forest trees in Europe to climate change (2013)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-11-23
    Description: A transnational network of genetic conservation units for forest trees was recently documented in Europe aiming at the conservation of evolutionary processes and the adaptive potential of natural or man-made tree populations. In the present study we quantified the vulnerability of individual conservation units and the whole network to climate change using climate favourability models and the estimated velocity of climate change. Compared to the overall climate niche of the analysed target species populations at the warm and dry end of the species niche are underrepresented in the network. However, by 2100, target species in 33 - 65 % of conservation units, mostly located in southern Europe, will be at the limit or outside the species’ current climatic niche as demonstrated by favourabilities below required model sensitivities of 95 %. The highest average decrease of favourabilities throughout the network can be expected for coniferous trees although they are mainly occurring within units in mountainous landscapes for which we estimated lower velocities of change. Generally, the species-specific estimates of favourabilities showed only low correlations to the velocity of climate change of individual units, indicating that both vulnerability measures should be considered for climate risk analysis. The variation of favourabilities among target species within the same conservation units is expected to increase with climate change and will likely require a prioritization among co-occurring species. The present results suggest that there is a strong need to intensify monitoring efforts and to develop additional conservation measures for populations in the most vulnerable units. Also, our results call for continued transnational actions for genetic conservation of European forest trees, including the establishment of dynamic conservation populations outside the current species distribution ranges within European assisted migration schemes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 1354-1013
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2486
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Published by Wiley
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  • 10
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    Forests, Vol. 9, Pages 133: The Interplay between Forest Management Practices, Genetic Monitoring, and Other Long-Term Monitoring Systems (2018)
    MDPI Publishing
    In: Forests
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-12
    Description: Forests, Vol. 9, Pages 133: The Interplay between Forest Management Practices, Genetic Monitoring, and Other Long-Term Monitoring Systems Forests doi: 10.3390/f9030133 Authors: Darius Kavaliauskas Barbara Fussi Marjana Westergren Filippos Aravanopoulos Domen Finzgar Roland Baier Paraskevi Alizoti Gregor Bozic Evangelia Avramidou Monika Konnert Hojka Kraigher The conservation and sustainable use of forests and forest genetic resources (FGR) is a challenging task for scientists and foresters. Forest management practices can affect diversity on various levels: genetic, species, and ecosystem. Understanding past natural disturbance dynamics and their level of dependence on human disturbances and management practices is essential for the conservation and management of FGR, especially in the light of climate change. In this review, forest management practices and their impact on genetic composition are reviewed, synthesized, and interpreted in the light of existing national and international forest monitoring schemes and concepts from various European projects. There is a clear need and mandate for forest genetic monitoring (FGM), while the requirements thereof lack complementarity with existing forest monitoring. Due to certain obstacles (e.g., the lack of unified FGM implementation procedures across the countries, high implementation costs, large number of indicators and verifiers for FGM proposed in the past), merging FGM with existing forest monitoring is complicated. Nevertheless, FGM is of paramount importance for forestry and the natural environment in the future, regardless of the presence or existence of other monitoring systems, as it provides information no other monitoring system can yield. FGM can provide information related to adaptive and neutral genetic diversity changes over time, on a species and/or on a population basis and can serve as an early warning system for the detection of potentially harmful changes of forest adaptability. In addition, FGM offers knowledge on the adaptive potential of forests under the changing environment, which is important for the long-term conservation of FGR.
    Electronic ISSN: 1999-4907
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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