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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The pressures of change in rural Canada - M. Bunce and M. Troughton (eds), Geographical Monographs No. 14, 1984, Atkinson College, York University, Toronto
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Rural Studies 1 (1985), S. 285 
    Details
    ISSN: 0743-0167
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0743-0167(85)90111-1
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Best linear prediction of breeding values in a forest tree improvement program (1988)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 76 (1988), S. 719-727 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Progeny testing ; Selection index ; Slash pine ; Random models
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Best Linear Prediction (BLP) was used to predict breeding values for 1,396 parents from progeny test data in an operational slash pine breeding program. BLP rankings of parents were compared to rankings of averaged standard scores, a common approach in forestry. Using BLP rankings, selection of higher ranking parents tends to choose parents in a larger number of more precise progeny tests. The trend is the opposite with standard scores; higher ranking parents tend to be those in fewer, less precise tests. BLP and a related methodology, Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP), were developed by dairy cattle breeders and have not been used widely outside of animal breeding for predicting breeding values from messy progeny test data. Application of either of these techniques usually requires simplifying assumptions to keep the problem computationally tractable. The more appropriate technique for a given application depends upon which set of assumptions are better for the given problem. An assumption of homogeneous genetic and error variances and covariances, generally made by animal breeders when applying BLUP, was inappropriate for our data. We employed an approach that treated fixed effects as known and treated the same trait measured in different environments as different traits with heterogeneous variance structures. As tree improvement programs become more complex, the ease with which BLP and BLUP handle messy data and incorporate diverse sources of information should make these techniques appealing to forest tree breeders.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303518
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of genetic information from open-pollinated and control-pollinated progeny tests in two eucalypt species (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 53-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Heritability ; Dominance ; Genotype x environment interaction ; Inbreeding ; Eucalyptus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Genetic-parameter estimates and parental breeding-value predictions were compared from open-pollinated and control-pollinated progeny populations of Eucalyptus globulus and two populations of E. nitens. For E. globulus there were two types of open-pollinated populations (native stand open-pollinated and seed orchard open-pollinated) and two types of control-pollinated populations (intra-provenance and interprovenance full-sib families). For E. nitens there were two populations, a seed orchard open-pollinated population and intra-provenance full-sib families. Progeny tests were established across multiple sites and 2-year height and diameter were measured and volume calculated. Genetic parameters from native stand open-pollinated E. globulus were unlike the parameters from the other three E. globulus populations; heritability estimates were severely inflated, presumably due to high levels, and possibly differential levels, of inbreeding depression relative to the other populations. Estimates of dominance variance in the E. globulus full-sib populations were high, but were zero in the E. nitens population. Correlations among parental breeding values, predicted using data from the different populations, were generally low and non-significant, with two exceptions: predictions from the two E. globulus full-sib populations were significantly correlated (r=0.54, P = 0.001), as were predictions from the E. nitens seed orchard OP and full-sib population (r = 0.61, P = 0.08). There was some indication that superior parents of E. globulus native stand open-pollinated families also tended to have above-average breeding values based on the performance of intra-provenance full-sib offspring. The consequences of these results for exploitation of base-population collections from native stands are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222951
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variance component estimation techniques compared for two mating designs with forest genetic architecture through computer simulation (1994)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 88 (1994), S. 236-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Minimum ; Norm ; Restricted ; Likelihood ; Half-diallel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Computer simulation was used to compare minimum variance quadratic estimation (MIVQUE), minimum norm quadratic unbiased estimation (MINQUE), restricted maximum likelihood (REML), maximum likelihood (ML), and Henderson's Method 3 (HM3) on the basis of variance among estimates, mean square error (MSE), bias and probability of nearness for estimation of both individual variance components and three ratios of variance components. The investigation also compared three procedures for dealing with negative estimates and included the use of both individual observations and plot means as the experimental unit of the analysis. The structure of data simulated (field design, mating designs, genetic architecture and imbalance) represented typical analysis problems in quantitative forest genetics. Results of comparing the estimation techniques demonstrated that: estimates of probability of nearness did not discriminate among techniques; bias was discriminatory among procedures for dealing with negative estimates but not among estimation techniques (except ML); sampling variance among estimates was discriminatory among procedures for dealing with negative estimates, estimation techniques and unit of observation; and MSE provided no additional information to variance of the estimates. HM3 and REML were the closest competitors under these criteria; however, REML demonstrated greater robustness to imbalance. Of the three negative estimate procedures, two are of practical significance and guidelines for their application are presented. Estimates from individual observations were always preferable to those from plot means over the experimental levels of this study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225903
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of approximate variances of variance components and their ratios in genetic tests (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 91 (1995), S. 15-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Variance of ratios ; Heritability ; Taylor series ; Variance components ; REML
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The application and underlying assumptions of formulae used to estimate the variance of variance components and ratios of variance components are fully described for (1) variance components estimated using Henderson's Method 3 (HM3) and Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML) and (2) ratios of variance components commonly used in genetic tests — biased and unbiased heritabilities. A first-order Taylor series approximation is often used to estimate the variance of a ratio of two random variables (e.g., heritability), however the formula is complicated, thus making calculations prone to errors. Dickerson's approximation is considerably simpler, though relatively rarely used. In case studies using data from 148 slash pine full-sib progeny tests, Dickerson's method was found to be slightly more conservative than the Taylor series approximation when estimating the variance of heritability estimates, regardless of test size, age, or the trait (volume, which is a continuous trait, and rust resistance, which is a bernoulli trait). Both the Taylor series and Dickerson approximations compared favorably with an empirical estimate of the variance of heritability estimates, however there is some evidence of small-sample bias associated with the use of the asymptotic variance-covariances from REML variance component estimation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220853
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of genetic information from open-pollinated and control-pollinated progeny tests in two eucalypt species (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 53-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Heritability  ;  Dominance  ;  Genotype × environment interaction  ;  Inbreeding  ;  Eucalyptus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Genetic-parameter estimates and parental breeding-value predictions were compared from open-pollinated and control-pollinated progeny populations of Eucalyptus globulus and two populations of E. nitens. For E. globulus there were two types of open-pollinated populations (native stand open-pollinated and seed orchard open-pollinated) and two types of control-pollinated populations (intra-provenance and inter- provenance full-sib families). For E. nitens there were two populations, a seed orchard open-pollinated population and intra-provenance full-sib families. Progeny tests were established across multiple sites and 2-year height and diameter were measured and volume calculated. Genetic parameters from native stand open-pollinated E. globulus were unlike the parameters from the other three E. globulus populations; heritability estimates were severely inflated, presumably due to high levels, and possibly differential levels, of inbreeding depression relative to the other populations. Estimates of dominance variance in the E. globulus full-sib populations were high, but were zero in the E. nitens population. Correlations among parental breeding values, predicted using data from the different populations, were generally low and non-significant, with two exceptions: predictions from the two E. globulus full-sib populations were significantly correlated , as were predictions from the E. nitens seed orchard OP and full-sib population . There was some indication that superior parents of E. globulus native stand open-pollinated families also tended to have above-average breeding values based on the performance of intra-provenance full-sib offspring. The consequences of these results for exploitation of base-population collections from native stands are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222951
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Book reviews (1978)
    Springer
    The annals of regional science 12 (1978), S. 107-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0592
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01286116
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    First-year freeze hardiness of pure species and hybrid taxa of Pinus elliottii (Engelman) and Pinus caribaea (Morelet) (1996)
    Springer
    New forests 12 (1996), S. 223-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5095
    Keywords: slash pine ; Caribbean pine ; freeze hardiness ; general hybrid combining ability ; Pinus elliottii ; Pinus caribaea var. bahamensis ; var. hondurensis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Six pine taxa were compared for freeze hardiness following 2 whole plant freeze tests carried out in early and late winter 1993–94. Pure species included slash pine (Pinus elliottii var. elliottii Engelman) (PEE), Caribbean pine (Pinus caribaea Morelet) var. bahamensis (PCB), and var. hondurensis (PCH). The same six slash pine parents served as the female parents of the pure slash pine taxon and were control pollinated to create the F1 hybrids of slash pine × Caribbean pine var. bahamensis (F1B), the F1 of slash pine × Caribbean pine var. hondurensis (F1H), and the backcross of slash pine × (slash pine × var. hondurensis (B1H). Four traits related to adaptation (bud set, foliage/stem damage, survival) were compared. Significant differences existing among the three species at all temperatures for both freeze tests. The 3 hybrid taxa were intermediate to parental taxa for all measured traits and only at extreme temperatures was there an indication of hybrid vigor. However, inspection of foliage damage curves to estimate temperatures at which 50 percent damage occurs indicated that the hybrids deviated from the mid parent value toward the more freeze susceptible parent. Discriminant functions which included foliage damage and survival traits provided the best segregation of taxa groupings and the combining of canonical variable 1 for these discriminant functions placed hybrids intermediate to parental taxa. Parent × taxa interaction was significant, suggesting that within these taxa, family to family variation occurred, but different maternal parents were associated with the freeze hardly families in different taxa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00027933
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of scion maturation on growth and reproduction of grafted slash pine (1998)
    Springer
    New forests 15 (1998), S. 243-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5095
    Keywords: clone banks ; juvenility ; pollen ; seed orchards ; strobili
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Establishment of the University of Florida Cooperative Forest Genetics Research Program's clone banks provided an opportunity to look at scion maturation effects on growth and reproduction of many grafted slash pine clones. In 1988 and 1989, clone banks were established in nine locations in the Southeastern United States. Over 460 scion clones varying from 5 to greater than 40 years old from time of seed germination (chronological age) were grafted into the clone banks. Comparisons of diameter growth, height growth, lateral branch number and female and male strobili production were made annually for six years after grafting. Within slash pine clone banks, there were significant effects due to scion chronological age. Chronologically older scions (backward selections) grew less, had fewer branches and produced only a few more female strobili than chronologically younger material (forward selections). Forward selections produced significantly more catkin clusters than backward selections. By year six, there was no significant difference in numbers of female strobili per tree between backward and forward scions, but forward selections produced about 2.5 times as many catkin clusters as the backward selections. Similar effects on growth and reproduction due to chronological age were also found among clones within the forward selections, with older selections growing more slowly and producing fewer catkin clusters. The size and breadth of this study lends strong support to the idea that these patterns of growth will occur for grafted slash pine in any location throughout its native range.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006541803129
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  • 10
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    Variation in the bovine FABP4 gene affects milk yield and milk protein content in dairy cows (2015)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-06-13
    Description: Fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) bind long-chain fatty acids and are involved in their intracellular transport. Of the known bovine FABP genes, FABP4 has been mapped to a region on chromosome 14 that contains quantitative trait loci for milk traits. This study investigated the association of FABP4 haplotypes with milk production traits in 719 Holstein-Friesian × Jersey cows. Polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) analysis of a variable region of the gene revealed three haplotypes (A, B and C). Five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified: two in exon 3 and three in intron 3. A was associated (P = 0.032) with increased milk protein percentage (present: 4.00 ± 0.02%; absent: 3.95 ± 0.02%) and B was associated (P = 0.009) with increased milk yield (present: 23.81 ± 0.23 kg/d; absent: 23.06 ± 0.21 kg/d), but tended to be associated with a decrease in protein percentage and an increase in protein yield. Cows with genotypes AA, AB and AC produced less milk, but with a higher protein percentage than BC cows. This suggest that FABP4 affects milk yield and milk protein content, both economically important traits, and that further study of this gene is warranted. Scientific Reports 5 doi: 10.1038/srep10023
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer Nature
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