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  • 1
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    Influence of urea on the cherry leaf spot pathogen, Blumeriella jaapii, and on microorganisms in decomposing cherry leaves (2006)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0038-0717
    Electronic ISSN: 1879-3428
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biocontrol of seedling diseases of barley and wheat caused by Fusarium culmorum and Bipolaris sorokiniana: effects of selected fungal antagonists on growth and yield components (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 44 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The purpose of this study was to verify, under natural conditions, biological control effects obtained in a former screening programme against Fusarium culmorum. The most successful antagonists against seedborne Fusarium culmorum and Bipolaris sorokiniana were isolates of Chaetomium sp., Idriella bolleyi and Gliocladium roseum. These results were also obtained when the antagonists were applied to B. sorokiniana-infected barley sown in field soil in pots. In field experiments, G. roseum gave the best control of F. culmorum in winter wheat. One month after sowing, germination increased by 170%, the disease index decreased by 73% and plant dry weight increased by 25%, compared to untreated plots. At harvest, the number of tillers per row was found to have increased by 53%, yield had increased by 160% and the 1000-grain weight had increased by 4%. For all evaluated parameters the effect was significantly different from the untreated plots and not significantly different from the plots treated with the fungicide, Sibutol LS 280. I. bolleyi gave a lower but still significantly effective control, when evaluated for disease index and numbers of tillers per row, while Chaetomium sp. did not show any reduction in the disease. Furthermore, in field experiments using barley infected with B. sorokiniana, a significant effect of G. roseum was demonstrated as increased plant dry weight after 1 month and increased 1000-grain weight at harvest. The disease-controlling effect of G. roseum on F. culmorum was shown in a field experiment with spring barley.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1995.tb01669.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biochemical and molecular characterization of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, B. subtilis and B. pumilus isolates with distinct antagonistic potential against Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant pathology 51 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Fifty-one Bacillus isolates were characterized by fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis; universal primer polymerase chain reaction (UP-PCR) fingerprinting; production of secondary metabolites and antagonistic activity against Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (causal agent of black rot in cabbage) in vitro and in vivo. Based on FAME analysis and/or PCR fingerprinting, the isolates were clustered into three different groups, named as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, B. subtilis and B. pumilus. Seed treatment with Bacillus spp. generally reduced germination of seeds and incidence of black rot, but no relationship was found between the results of in vitro and in vivo experiments. The B. amyloliquefaciens group contained isolates that were generally the most effective at reducing attack of black rot in vivo. The metabolic profiles of these isolates suggested that they produced surfactin, iturin, bacillomycine and/or azalomycin F. Isolates belonging to the B. subtilis group were mostly able to synthesize surfactin and arthrobactin. Surfactin, amphomycin, arthrobactin and valinomycin were generally found in culture extracts of isolates belonging to the B. pumilus group. No effect on growth of the pathogen was detected when the activity of filtered culture extracts and selected metabolites produced by the three different Bacillus species was tested in vitro against X. c. pv. campestris. However, inhibition was seen when bacterial liquid cultures were used. When the ability to colonize cabbage endophytically was examined for seven selected isolates with different antagonistic potential against black rot, it was found that the ability was related to the species and not to the antagonistic activity of the isolates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.2002.00753.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inoculation of cucumber roots with zoospores of mycoparasitic and plant pathogenic Pythium species: Differential zoospore accumulation, colonization ability and plant growth response (1998)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 104 (1998), S. 69-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: biocontrol ; hydroponics ; Pythium aphanidermatum ; Pythium ‘group F’ ; Pythium oligandrum ; Pythium periplocum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Hydroponically grown cucumber (Cucumis sativus) seedlings were inoculated with zoospores of 1 mycoparasitic (Pythium oligandrum) and 2 pathogenic (Pythium aphanidermatum and Pythium ‘group F’) Pythium spp. During the first 2 days after inoculation, all the Pythium spp. caused reduction in the root length. However, roots treated with Pythium oligandrum quickly reached the length of the control and on the 8th day, and for the rest of the experimental period, stimulation of root elongation was noted. Pythium oligandrum was not pathogenic on cucumber and no differences in the fresh weights of control and Pythium oligandrum inoculated plants were observed in the course of the experiment. Pythium ‘group F’ and Pythium aphanidermatum were pathogenic on cucumber seedlings, but their pathogenicities differed. Thus, while Pythium ‘group F’ had a constant, negative influence on root length and plant growth, measured as fresh weight, Pythium aphanidermatum caused generalized necroses of the root system, inhibiting consistently root elongation and plant growth and finally causing plant death. Moreover, the zoospores of 2 mycoparasitic species, Pythium oligandrum and Pythium periplocum, were not attracted to roots of cucumber and accumulated on the roots in very low numbers compared to those of the pathogenic species, Pythium aphanidermatum, which were strongly attracted and accumulated in large numbers. Finally, it was also found that Pythium oligandrum colonized the roots very poorly, while Pythium ‘group F’ and Pythium aphanidermatum were significantly better root colonizers. The significance of these findings is discussed in relation to the ecology of Pythium species and biocontrol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008662927507
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Leaf and head rot of Chinese cabbage - a new field diesease caused by Pythium tracheiphilum Matta (1997)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 103 (1997), S. 245-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: Lettuce ; Lactuca sativa ; Brassica campestris spp. pekinensis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A new disease has arisen in field grown Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis) in Denmark. The soil-borne causal agent was shown to be Pythium tracheiphilum Matta, a little known pathogen of lettuce. Until now, outbreaks of the disease in Chinese cabbage were generally attributed to Phytophthora porri Foister, since symptoms of the disease in the field resemble those caused by Ph. porri in Chinese cabbage in cold stores. In some severely affected crops harvest losses in 1994, directly attributable to P. tracheiphilum, were estimated to about 50%, corresponding to a market value of up to $ US 20000 per ha. Outbreaks of the disease coincide with the heading of the crop, while juvenile plants or seedlings are apparently not attacked. It appears that the outer leaves are infected directly from the soil. Mainly above ground parts are affected and colonized by the pathogen, and indications of infection via the root system have not been observed. This is the first record of P. tracheiphilum as a pathogen of Chinese cabbage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008649109411
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selection of biological control agents for controlling soil and seed-borne diseases in the field (1997)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 103 (1997), S. 775-784 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: antagonists ; biological control ; comparative screening ; field screening ; rhizosphere competence ; field performance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Different screening methods for selection of biological control agents (BCAs), for controlling soil and seed-borne diseases, are discussed. The shortcomings of laboratory methods focused on mechanism of action are discussed and we conclude that these methods should be used with caution if candidates with multifactorial or plant mediated mechanisms of control are to be obtained. In vitro screens may be useful for specific groups of microorganisms, thus, screens for antibiotics may be relevant for Streptomyces spp., and promising results have been obtained using soil plating or precolonized agar methods to screen for mycoparasitism and competitive saprophytic ability. Experience with screening in the Nordic programme ‘Biological control of seed borne diseases in cereals’ is summarized. Research in the four participating countries – Finland, Sweden, Norway and Denmark – followed the same paradigm: that of obtaining antagonists, well adapted to different Nordic environments, and developing them as effective BCAs. Potential antagonists were isolated from different sources and in planta screening methods were developed in order to optimize selection of antagonists effective against a range of seed borne pathogens. Screens in the laboratory or greenhouse were followed by screening in the field. The different screening procedures are compared and evaluated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008662313042
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