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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1998-08-01
    Print ISSN: 0167-7012
    Electronic ISSN: 1872-8359
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 41 (1992), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Twenty plants of alfalfa cv. Beaver were screened for resistance to alfalfa mosaic virus (AIMV) severe strain A-515. ELISA screening on both inoculated and apical leaves at fixed temperature (20°C day, 16°C night) suggested the following three types of clonal response to AIMV infection: extremely resistant, AIMV not normally detected from either inoculated or apical leaves; resistant, AIMV detected from inoculated leaves only and did not spread systemically; susceptible, AIMV detected from both inoculated and apical leaves. When plants in the second category were maintained at high temperature (30°C), AIMV was detected from inoculated and apical leaves 6 and 12 days after inoculation, but was not detectable in the apical leaves thereafter. Plants in the first category remained extremely resistant at all temperatures tested. The results of comparative tests using progeny plants of extremely resistant, resistant and susceptible plants, and of their hybrids, suggested that the resistance to AIMV A-515 was controlled by a temperature-dependent recessive gene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 36 (1987), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant pathology 54 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A total of 62 phytoplasma isolates were collected from North America, Europe and Asia and analysed by heteroduplex mobility assay (HMA) of the 16/23S spacer region amplified by the polymerase chain reaction. The results revealed wide genetic diversity among the phytoplasmas studied and a number of new phytoplasma strains were identified from known or new plant hosts in Alberta, Canada. Two distinctive subgroups were revealed by HMA in phytoplasmas associated with canola yellows, Chinese aster yellows, dandelion yellows and monarda yellows. In Alberta, two subgroups of the aster yellows group of phytoplasmas, I-A and I-B, were prevalent in naturally infected field crops and ornamentals in open gardens. The results indicated that HMA is a simple, but rapid and accurate, alternative method for the detection and estimation of genetic divergence of phytoplasmas when finer molecular characterization of phytoplasmas is required at the subgroup level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Publishers
    Plant pathology 47 (1998), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Monarda yellows occurring in southern Alberta was found to be associated with a phytoplasma. Using two pairs of universal primers, 16S ribosomal DNA fragments (about 1.5 and 1.2 kb) were amplified separately by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from DNA samples that had been extracted from infected monarda. No such DNA bands were observed using DNA samples from uninfected monarda. The DNA fragment (1.2 kb) amplified by nested-PCR was analysed and compared with western aster yellows (AY27, Canada), eastern aster yellows (EAY, USA), French hydrangea aster yellows (AYHF), Belgium hydrangea aster yellows (AYHB), clover proliferation (CP, Canada) and potato witches'-broom (PWB, Canada) by means of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) using endonucleases AluI, MseI, HpaII, Sau3AI, KpnI and RsaI. The results showed that monarda yellows phytoplasma belongs to the aster yellows subclade and is different from CP and PWB. This is the first report of aster yellows phytoplasma infecting monarda.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 39 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) cv. Beaver was screened for resistance to alfalfa mosaic virus (AIMV). A1MV infection in clonal plants was tested by double-antibody sandwich ELISA 4 and 8 weeks after inoculation with purified A1MV (1 mg/ml in 0025 M phosphate buffer, pH 7 0). Twelve clones showed a hypersensitive reaction 3–4 days after inoculation and the infection was restricted to the inoculated leaves. All the plants of hypersensitive clones consistently produced local lesions when inoculated with purified AIM V. In contrast, plants inoculated with AIMV in crude sap remained symptomless, although AIMV was detectable in inoculated leaves. The remaining 16 clones were susceptible to AIMV and showed systemic infection.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 35 (1986), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 80 (1974), S. 37-47 
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Samenvatting Dwarscoupes van jonge takjes van sandelbomen werden gekleurd met 0,1% anilineblauw en de fluorescentie in ultraviolet licht met de microscoop bestudeerd. Van een ‘spike’-zieke sandelboom, die in een aantal takken de symptomen duidelijk vertoonde, werd een aantal monsters genomen (Fig. 1, monsters 1 t/m 5). Deze monsters bestonden uit jonge, groene takjes van een ‘spike’-vertonende tak (1), gezond uitziende takken (2, 3 en 4), en uit een ouder, verhout takje van een ‘spike’-vertonende tak (5). Tevens werd onderzoek verricht aan een sandelboom, die ongeveer een jaar geleden was geïnfecteerd met de ziekte door middel vanCuscuta, doch die, na het afsterven van enige takken, op het moment van onderzoek geen symptomen meer te zien gaf. Als controle diende een gezonde sandelboom. De monsters 1 (Fig. 2), 2 (Fig. 4), 3 (Fig. 5) en 5 (Fig. 7) vertoonden alle fluorescentie over de gehele breedte van het floëem (Fig. 2B, 4, 5 en 7B) in tegenstelling tot dat van de gezonde boom (Fig. 3 en 8) en monster 4 (een heel jong takje) van de zieke boom (Fig. 6). Takjes van de schijnbaar gezonde boom, die viaCuscuta was geïnfecteerd, vertoonden sterke fluorescentie over de gehele breedte van het floëem (Fig. 9 en 10). Dwarscoupes van bladeren van een gezonde boom (Fig. 11) en van die met ‘spike’-symptomen (Fig. 12) vertoonden ook de verschillen in fluorescentie in het floëem van de vaatbundels. In het eerste geval was de fluorescentie weer beperkt tot de buitenste lagen van het floëem (Fig. 11B), terwijl in het tweede geval fluorescentie in het gehele floëem optrad (Fig. 12B). Dwarscoupes van wortels van gezonde en zieke bomen gaven ongeveer dezelfde hoeveelheid fluorescentie in het floëem te zien. De toepassing van fluorescentiemicroscopie biedt perspectieven voor de diagnose van de ‘spike’-ziekte, wanneer de sandelboom nog geen uitwendige symptomen vertoont.
    Notes: Abstract Fluorescence microscopy of cross sections of young twigs from sandal trees, stained with aniline blue, showed a marked difference in fluorescence in the phloem area of healthy and spike-diseased trees. In sections of twigs from healthy trees fluorescence was restricted to the outer zone of the phloem whereas the phloem zone in spike-diseased trees fluoresced over its total area. Older twigs and leaves, but not roots, showed a similar phenomenon. The diagnostic value of this method is discussed.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 80 (1974), S. 145-153 
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A histochemical study with aniline blue staining revealed a positive correlation between the time of external symptom development and abnormal fluorescence in phloem tissue ofVinca rosea plants grafted with mycoplasma-infectedVinca scions. A range of abnormal fluorescence was observed in phloem tissue ofVinca stems after mycoplasmas of 15 different plant origins were respectively introduced by graft-inoculation. The degree of fluorescence intensity and distribution in phloem tissue was related to the severity of disease. Results from examination of mycoplasmas from culture did not suggest that these organisms themselves contribute to the abnormal fluorescence in phloem of infectedVinca.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 79 (1973), S. 112-121 
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Samenvatting De mycoplasma-achtige lichaampjes die in planten, aangetast door de ‘spike’-ziekte van de sandelboom (Santalum album) worden aangetroffen, bezitten een eenvoudige structuur, bestaande uit een celmembraan, ribosomen en een DNA-streng (nucleoïd) (Fig. 1). Ultradunne coupes van een stengel van een geïnfecteerde plant vanVinca rosea vertoonden drie typen pleomorfe lichaampjes, te weten: ronde lichaampjes, 160–280 nm in doorsnee, grote lichaampjes, 400–800 nm in doorsnee, en lichaampjes van 50–160 nm doorsnee met een sterk osmiofiel karakter (Fig. 3). In de lichaampjes van het eerste type ontbrak de nucleoïd en de ribosomen waren gelijkmatig verdeeld over het cytoplasma. Bij het tweede type was de nucleoïd zichtbaar in het midden van de lichaampjes, maar sommige van deze hadden een elektronen-optisch leeg centrum. Van enkele van deze lichaampjes was de membraan gescheurd en er trad knopvorming en instulping van deze laatste op (Fig. 2A, 2B en 5). De merkwaardigste structuur vertoonden de sterk osmiofiele lichaampjes, die vaak gedegenereerde cellen van zeefvaten vulden (Fig. 3–8). Deze afwijkende lichaampjes werden begrensd door een eenheidsmembraan en vertoonden geen cytoplasmatische structuur, kennelijk als gevolg van condensatie (Fig. 3 en 4). Dit type trad alleen op in bepaalde delen van aangetast floëem (Fig. 6–8). Ze wisselden sterk in grootte en vorm maar behielden een duidelijke membraan (Fig. 6 en 8). De lichaampjes van de eerste twee typen werden, zonder de afwijkende vorm, gevonden in veel jongere floëemcellen van hetzelfde weefsel (Fig. 7). Het is mogelijk dat de abnormale vorm, die in deze studie is waargenomen, een natuurlijk gedegenereerde vorm is van de mycoplasma-achtige lichaampjes die een rol spelen bij de ‘spike’-ziekte van de sandelboom.
    Notes: Abstract An anomalous form of mycoplasma-like bodies was found in ‘necrotic’ cells in the sieve elements of periwinkle stem after infection with the sandal spike disease agent. These bodies, 50–160 nm in diameter, were strongly osmiophilic and bounded by a unit membrane. It is suggested that these anomalous bodies represent a naturally degenerated form of the mycoplasma-like bodies.
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