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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Replication of alcelaphine herpesviruses in various cell culture systems and subsequent purification of virus (1988)
    Springer
    Methods in cell science 11 (1988), S. 49-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0603
    Keywords: alcelaphine herpesviruses ; malignant catarrhal fever ; cell culture ; electron microscopy ; virus isolation ; serologic methods
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Cultures of fetal aoudad sheep kidney (FAK), bovine embryonic lung (BEL), and African green monkey kidney (Vero) cells were compared for differential replication of alcelaphine herpesviruses. Cell-free virus appears more rapidly when infected cells are incubated at 33° C rather than at 37° C. Events in the replication and morphologic development of several alcelaphine herpesvirus isolates have been documented using light and electron microscopy. Techniques for indirect immunofluorescence and serum virus neutralization are described. When virus free of host-cell contaminants is desired for biochemical analysis, virus isolates are initially purified on sucrose gradients and then further purified by density gradient centrifugation in Percoll.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01404132
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
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    Adult and offspring size in the ocean over 17 orders of magnitude follows two life history strategies (2016)
    Wiley
    In: Ecology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-01-12
    Description: Explaining variability in offspring vs. adult size among groups is a necessary step to determine the evolutionary and environmental constraints shaping variability in life history strategies. This is of particular interest for life in the ocean where a diversity of offspring development strategies is observed along with variability in physical and biological forcing factors in space and time. We compiled adult and offspring size for 407 pelagic marine species covering more than 17 orders of magnitude in body mass including Cephalopoda, Cnidaria, Crustaceans, Ctenophora, Elasmobranchii, Mammalia, Sagittoidea, and Teleost. We find marine life following one of two distinct strategies, with offspring size being either proportional to adult size (e.g., Crustaceans, Elasmobranchii, and Mammalia) or invariant with adult size (e.g., Cephalopoda, Cnidaria, Sagittoidea, Teleosts, and possibly Ctenophora). We discuss where these two strategies occur and how these patterns (along with the relative size of the offspring) may be shaped by physical and biological constraints in the organism's environment. This adaptive environment along with the evolutionary history of the different groups shape observed life history strategies and possible group-specific responses to changing environmental conditions (e.g., production and distribution).
    Print ISSN: 0012-9658
    Electronic ISSN: 1939-9170
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Wiley on behalf of The Ecological Society of America (ESA).
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  • 3
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    Instantaneous threat escape and differentiated refuge demand among zooplankton taxa (2016)
    Wiley
    In: Ecology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-08
    Description: Most animals, including aquatic crustacean zooplankton, perform strong avoidance movements when exposed to a threat, such as ultraviolet radiation (UVR). We here show that the genera Daphnia and Bosmina instantly adjust their vertical position in the water in accordance with the present UVR threat, i.e., seek refuge in deeper waters, whereas other taxa show less response to the threat. Moreover, Daphnia repeatedly respond to UVR pulses, suggesting that they spend more energy on movement than more stationary taxa, for example, during days with fluctuating cloud cover, illustrating nonlethal effects in avoiding UVR threat. Accordingly, we also show that the taxa with the most contrasting behavioral responses differ considerably in photoprotection, suggesting different morphological and behavioral strategies in handling the UVR threat. In a broader context, our studies on individual and taxa specific responses to UVR provide insights into observed spatial and temporal distribution in natural ecosystems.
    Print ISSN: 0012-9658
    Electronic ISSN: 1939-9170
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Wiley on behalf of The Ecological Society of America (ESA).
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  • 4
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    Adult and offspring size in the ocean: A database of size metrics and conversion factors (2016)
    Wiley
    In: Ecology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016
    Description: Abstract The purpose of this dataset was to compile adult and offspring size estimates for marine organisms. Adult and offspring size estimates of 408 species were compiled from the literature covering 〉17 orders of magnitude in body mass and including Cephalopoda (ink fish), Cnidaria (“jelly” fish), Crustaceans, Ctenophora (comb jellies), Elasmobranchii (cartilaginous fish), Mammalia (mammals), Sagittoidea (arrow worms) and Teleost (i.e. Actinopterygii, bony fish). Individual size estimates were converted to standardized size estimates (carbon weight, g) to allow for among‐group comparisons. This required a number of size estimates to be converted and a compilation of conversion factors obtained from the literature are also presented. Mean species‐specific adult and offspring size estimates resulting from these databases are given in Neuheimer et al. (in press, Ecology, Supplement 1). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0012-9658
    Electronic ISSN: 1939-9170
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Wiley on behalf of The Ecological Society of America (ESA).
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  • 5
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    The smell of virgins: mating status of females affects male swimming behaviour in Oithona davisae (2012)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-09-25
    Description: Many copepod species rely on pheromone cues to find partners. Some parasitic and benthic copepod males are able to distinguish between females of different reproductive states. Here, we demonstrate that the swimming activity and velocity of males of a pelagic copepod, Oithona davisae , increases in the presence of virgin when compared with mated females and that the cue is waterborne. The ability to distinguish between virgin and mated females may reduce male mortality during mate search and the cost related to mating behaviour (precopula) in both sexes. We estimate that at realistic population densities the ability of males to distinguish between virgin and mated females saves them several hours per day of dangerous and energetically expensive fast female tracking.
    Print ISSN: 0142-7873
    Electronic ISSN: 1464-3774
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 6
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    Adult and offspring size in the ocean: A database of size metrics and conversion factors (2016)
    Wiley
    In: Ecology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-01
    Description: The purpose of this dataset was to compile adult and offspring size estimates for marine organisms. Adult and offspring size estimates of 408 species were compiled from the literature covering 〉17 orders of magnitude in body mass and including Cephalopoda (ink fish), Cnidaria (“jelly” fish), Crustaceans, Ctenophora (comb jellies), Elasmobranchii (cartilaginous fish), Mammalia (mammals), Sagittoidea (arrow worms) and Teleost (i.e. Actinopterygii, bony fish). Individual size estimates were converted to standardized size estimates (carbon weight, g) to allow for among-group comparisons. This required a number of size estimates to be converted and a compilation of conversion factors obtained from the literature are also presented. Mean species-specific adult and offspring size estimates resulting from these databases are given in Neuheimer et al. (in press, Ecology, Supplement 1). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0012-9658
    Electronic ISSN: 1939-9170
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Wiley on behalf of The Ecological Society of America (ESA).
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  • 7
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    Selective silicate-directed motility in diatoms (2016)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-06
    Description: Article Diatoms often dominate production in aquatic communities, but the amount of available dissolved silicic acid (dSi) limits their growth. Here, Bondoc et al. , show that diatoms perceive gradients in dSi, and can increase the encounter with this resource by chemotaxis toward high concentrations under resource-limited conditions. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms10540 Authors: Karen Grace V. Bondoc, Jan Heuschele, Jeroen Gillard, Wim Vyverman, Georg Pohnert
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-1723
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 8
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    The chemical ecology of copepods (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-07-11
    Description: An increasing number of studies show the importance of chemical interactions in the aquatic environment. Our understanding of the role of chemical cues and signals in larger crustaceans has advanced in the last decades. However, for copepods, the most abundant metazoan zooplankton and essential for the functioning of the marine food web, much is still unknown. We synthesize current knowledge about chemical ecology of copepods including foraging, survival and reproduction. We also compile information on the sensory apparatus and new analytical approaches that may facilitate the identification of signal molecules. The review illustrates the importance of chemical interactions in many aspects of copepod ecology and identifies gaps in our knowledge, such as the lack of identified infochemicals and electrophysiological studies to confirm the function of sensory structures. We suggest approaches that are likely to further our understanding of the role of chemical interactions in the pelagic ecosystem.
    Print ISSN: 0142-7873
    Electronic ISSN: 1464-3774
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 9
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    Adult and offspring size in the ocean: a database of size metrics and conversion factors (2016)
    Wiley
    In: Ecology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-09
    Description: The purpose of this dataset was to compile adult and offspring size estimates for marine organisms. Adult and offspring size estimates of 408 species were compiled from the literature covering 〉17 orders of magnitude in body mass and including Cephalopoda (ink fish), Cnidaria (“jelly” fish), Crustaceans, Ctenophora (comb jellies), Elasmobranchii (cartilaginous fish), Mammalia (mammals), Sagittoidea (arrow worms) and Teleost (i.e., Actinopterygii, bony fish). Individual size estimates were converted to standardized size estimates (carbon weight, g) to allow for among-group comparisons. This required a number of size estimates to be converted and a compilation of conversion factors obtained from the literature are also presented.
    Print ISSN: 0012-9658
    Electronic ISSN: 1939-9170
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Wiley on behalf of The Ecological Society of America (ESA).
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  • 10
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    Low fertilization rates in a pelagic copepod caused by sexual selection? (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-05-09
    Description: We studied female fertilization status in North Sea summer populations and laboratory cultures of the marine copepod Temora longicornis and found fractions of fertilized females in both field and laboratory populations that were much smaller (〈50%) than predicted by a theoretical model that assumes random mating. Such low fertilization rates are normally related to environmental factors such as poor food or low densities, which we could not confirm in our experiment. Male density was negatively related to fertilization rate, and a large fraction of males did not mate in laboratory incubations. We therefore suggest that sexual selection, through mate choice or male–male competition could account for low fertilization rates of females in populations of pelagic copepods during some periods of the year.
    Print ISSN: 0142-7873
    Electronic ISSN: 1464-3774
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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