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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Private and public sector regulation of competitively tendered contracts (1993)
    Springer
    Empirica 20 (1993), S. 221-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6911
    Keywords: competitive tendering ; contracts ; outsourcing ; L33 ; L50 ; L84
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper addresses two contractual issues using a sample of competitively tendered contracts for cleaning services. First, the paper considers the characteristics that distinguish private from public sector organisations in their methods of selection and regulation of contractors. Secondly, the paper examines the perceived effectiveness of such regulatory mechanisms in terms of compliance with contract specifications and overall assessment of quality. Econometric analysis reveals that private sector organisations differ from their public sector counterparts in the selection procedures of contractors. Moreover, significant differences emerge in the apparent efficacy of a range of regulatory instruments in assuring contractual performance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01384254
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Combining Sources of Preference Data for Modeling Complex Decision Processes (1999)
    Springer
    Marketing letters 10 (1999), S. 205-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-059X
    Keywords: Choice modeling ; started preference data ; data pooling ; context effects ; choice dynamics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract We review current state-of-the-art practices for combining preference data from multiple sources and discuss future research possibilities. A central theme is that any one data source (e.g., a scanner panel source) is often insufficient to support tests of complex theories of choice and decision making. Hence, analysts may need to embrace a wider variety of data types and measurement tools than traditionally have been considered in applied decision making and choice research. We discuss the viability of preference-stationarity assumptions usually made when pooling data, as well as random-utility theory-based approaches for combining data sources. We also discuss types of models and data sources likely to be required to make inferences about and estimate models that describe choice dynamics. The latter discussion is speculative insofar as the body of literature on this topic is small.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008050215270
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Using stated response choice data to enrich revealed preference discrete choice models (1993)
    Springer
    Marketing letters 4 (1993), S. 139-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-059X
    Keywords: Conjoint Analysis ; Revealed Preference ; Logit Modelling ; Hierarchical Estimation ; Scaling Factor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract There is growing interest in exploring the view that both revealed preference (RP) and stated preference (SP) data have useful information and that their integration will enrich the overall explanatory power of RP choice models. These two types of data have been independently used in the estimation of a wide variety of discrete choice applications in marketing. In order to combine the two data sources, each with independent choice outcomes, allowance must be made for their different scaling properties. The approach uses a full information maximum likelihood estimation procedure of the hierarchical logit form to obtain suitable scaling parameters to make one or more data sets comparable. We illustrate the advantages of the dual data strategy by comparing the results with those obtained from models estimated independently with RP and SP data. Data collected as part of a study of high speed rail is used to estimate a set of illustrative mode choice models.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00994072
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    HEV Choice Models as a Search Engine for the Specification of Nested Logit Tree Structures (1999)
    Springer
    Marketing letters 10 (1999), S. 333-343 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-059X
    Keywords: nested logit ; search engine ; choice models
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper illustrates how the heteroskedastic extreme value (HEV) model can serve as an effective search engine for identifying appropriate tree structures in hierarchical choice models, particularly the nested logit. This use of the HEV model exploits its ability to estimate unique variances, and hence unique scale parameters, for each alternative in a choice set. The analysis of variance can reveal tree structures that may not be obvious to analysts who tend to base their search strategy on intuitive tree structures. The reliance on behavioural intuition may miss out on the identification of the 'best' tree in an econometric sense. This note illustrates how the HEV model is used to search for the hierarchical domain in which a statistically preferred nested logit model is positioned.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008151702729
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental analysis of choice (1994)
    Springer
    Marketing letters 5 (1994), S. 351-367 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-059X
    Keywords: stated preference data ; discrete choice models ; external validity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract Experimental choice analysis continues to attract academic and applied attention. We review what is known about the design, conduct, analysis, and use of data from choice experiments, and indicate gaps in current knowledge that should be addressed in future research. Design strategies consistent with probabilistic models of choice process and the parallels between choice experiments and real markets are considered. Additionally, we address the issues of reliability and validity. Progress has been made in accounting for differences in reliability, but more research is needed to determine which experiments and response procedures will consistently produce more reliable data for various problems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00999210
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparative assessment of the productivity of Australia's public rail systems 1971/72–1991/92 (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of productivity analysis 6 (1995), S. 201-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0441
    Keywords: Performance measurement ; total factor productivity ; benchmarking ; railways
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract There is a growing interest in the establishment of suitable measures of the overall performance of government business enterprises, particularly railways, which are a major recipient of government subsidy. They must improve their performance and become more cost efficient. Any policy designed to reduce costs must consider the implications of resultant actions on the overall productivity of a business. We propose the use of the total factor productivity index as an appropriate reference benchmark, to enable each railway to evaluate the productivity implications of any change to the operating and managerial environment. Using the Institute of Transport Studies' rail database, total factor productivity indices are derived annually from 1971/72 to 1991/92 for the 5 major public rail systems in Australia and sources of variation are identified. The paper recognizes the need to identify sources of variation in productivity which translate into operational guidelines for management in assisting them to improve performance over time. A contribution is the recognition of the importance of including both demand side (final output) and supply, side measures of output (intermediate output). Final output may be more important for monitoring the performance of an enterprise from a cost-effectiveness perspective, but a supply side measure is often more useful to operators because it is the dimension of output over which they have more control.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01076976
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trip chaining as a barrier to the propensity to use public transport (2000)
    Springer
    Transportation 27 (2000), S. 341-361 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9435
    Keywords: discrete choice ; mixed logit ; survey data ; trip chain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract Trip chaining is a growing phenomenon in travel and activity behaviour. Individuals increasingly seek out opportunities to minimise the amount of travel required as part of activity fulfilment, given the competing demands on time budgets and their valuation of travel time savings. This search for ways of fulfilling (more) activities with less travel input has produced a number of responses, one of which is trip chaining. A particularly important policy implication of trip chaining is the potential barrier it creates in attracting car users to switch to public transport. This paper seeks to improve our understanding of trip chaining as a barrier to public transport use. A series of discrete choice models are estimated to identify the role that socio-economic and demographic characteristics of households have on the propensity to undertake trip chains of varying degrees of simplicity/complexity that involve use of the car or public transport with an embedded commuting or non-commuting primary purpose. Multinomial logit, nested logit and random parameter logit models are developed and contrasted to establish the gains in relaxing the strict conditions of the multinomial logit model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005246916731
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Private tollroads in urban areas (1989)
    Springer
    Transportation 16 (1989), S. 329-341 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9435
    Keywords: banking ; finance ; investment ; private sector ; risk ; tollroads
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract Governments of all persuasions are increasingly seeking the participation of the private sector in the supply of transport facilities and services. Private sector participation in the financing, construction, operation and maintenance of infrastructure is considered a serious option in a number of countries in the search for ways of providing much needed investment which would otherwise be deferred. This paper considers some economic and financial problems in the private sector provision of major road infrastructure within urban areas. The main issues are attaching prices (i.e. tolls) to the provision of the service, the value of government rights which are being given up either permanently or temporarily, and the identification required by the promoters of the cost of capital which is essential information in establishing the risk. Broader environmental and equity issues are not addressed. If the approach to establishing a private presence in a previously public supply context is handled properly from the outset, the benefits can be significant. Contrarily however, the prospects could be quite undesirable if badly managed, despite the presence of an extended public purse.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00145965
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stated preference analysis of travel choices: the state of practice (1994)
    Springer
    Transportation 21 (1994), S. 107-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9435
    Keywords: choice situations ; models ; prediction ; stated preference (SP)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract Stated preference (SP) methods are widely used in travel behaviour research and practice to identify behavioural responses to choice situations which are not revealed in the market, and where the attribute levels offered by existing choices are modified to such an extent that the reliability of revealed preference models as predictors of response is brought into question. This paper reviews recent developments in the application of SP models which add to their growing relevance in demand modelling and prediction. The main themes addressed include a comparative assessment of choice models and preference models, the importance of scaling when pooling different types of data, especially the appeal of SP data as an enriching strategy in the context of revealed preference models, hierarchical designs when the number of attributes make single experiments too complex for the respondent, and ways of accommodating dynamics (i.e. serial correlation and state dependence) in SP modelling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01098788
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A scenario approach to airport evaluation in remote communities: with particular reference to the Pilbara region of Australia (1987)
    Springer
    Transportation 14 (1987), S. 33-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9435
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract Coordinated development of aviation facilities and services is critical for geographically remote communities. Improvements in aviation capability can be assisted by an analytical base for determining the implications of alternative configurations of air services in terms of links to be served, airport/aerodrome investment, type of flight equipment and flight frequency. We outline a method for identifying airport supply configurations to meet air service demand to and from the Pilbara region of north-west Australia. The approach emphasises minimum levels of demand required from a community in order to justify provision of air services of a given scenario. The method is influenced by the paucity of data on demand in remote communities, and the consequent risk of relying solely on demand-side forecasts of patronage levels. It is therefore particularly useful in assessing transport systems associated with remote resource development projects which are notable for the rapidity of change which they can bring. The approach has relevance to a wide range of transport applications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00172465
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