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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 116 (1994), S. 11368-11374 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 4 (1974), S. 179-187 
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Molecular Evolution ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Entropy of Protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Transition probability matrices of amino acid substitution are calculated for hemoglobin, cytochrome c, fibrinopeptide, immunoglobulin and lysozyme, and for protein as a whole. When these matrices operate on the column vectors which represent the contemporary amino acid frequencies of the corresponding proteins, amino acid compositions change so as to increase their entropy. The entropy increase of amino acid sequences in proteins need not be interpreted as a random process. If we assume instead a selective process favoring randomness in protein, the biased nature of the genetic code can contribute to non-randomness in the DNA sequence. The entropy increase of protein as a whole is interpreted as a diversification of protein, and is reflected in DNA base sequence of higher organisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 45 (1988), S. 193-201 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 78.70.D ; 81.90.+c
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Both lifetime and angular correlation of positron annihilation have been measured for a series of synthetic zeolites for which the void structures are known fairly well. All of the zeolites had long lifetime components and a narrow momentum component which are ascribable to o-Ps and p-Ps annihilations in the voids, respectively. The correlation between the width of the p-Ps narrow component and the size of the largest voids showed a remarkable agreement with a theoretical estimate based on the spherical potential well model. The measurement of p-Ps momentum thus appears to be prospective as a tool to determine the size of voids of materials. The lifetime of the long lifetime component, on the other hand, showed a poor correlation with the void size even from a qualitative viewpoint, suggesting that factors other than the simple void size effect are dominant in determining the o-Ps lifetimes. Discussion is made on the cause of the different dependences of o-Ps and p-Ps annihilation parameters on the void size. It has also been found that p-Ps fraction is always larger than one third of the o-Ps fraction in all the zeolites studied. A discussion is presented on this point, too.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 78.70; 61.70; 61.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract.  We have measured positron lifetime and Two Dimensional Angular Correlation of Annihilation Radiation (2D-ACAR) distributions of Floating-Zone grown (FZ) Si specimens containing divacancies (V2) with the definite charge states, V0 2, V-1 2 or V-2 2 from room temperature to about 10 K. These charge states are accomplished by an appropriate combination of dopant species, their concentration and irradiation doses of 15 MeV electrons with reference to the currently accepted ionization level of divacancies. The positron lifetime of the negatively charged divacancy increases with temperature, while that of the neutral divacancy shows little change with temperature. The positron trapping rate, obtained from lifetime and 2D-ACAR measurements, increases markedly with decreasing temperature. This is found not only for the negative divacancies but also for the neutral divacancy. We need a model which explains this temperature dependence. The 2D-ACAR distribution from positrons trapped at divacancies shows nearly the same distribution for the different charge states, which differs considerably from the case of As vacancies in GaAs studied by Ambigapathy et al. We have observed a small but definite anisotropy in the distribution of trapped positrons in V- 2 using a specimen containing oriented divacancies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 91 (1989), S. 4019-4025 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The photodissociation spectrum of Ar+3 between 520 and 620 nm is reported. A broadband peaking near 520 nm is observed with a cross section of ∼1.8×10−16 cm2 at the peak, in agreement with the findings of Levinger et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 89, 71 (1988)]. However, in the present work, a shoulder whose prominence is highly temperature dependent is observed between 545 and 555 nm. The new results are discussed in terms of various electronic transitions and pathways to dissociation. The photodissociation mechanisms are studied by translational energy analysis of photofragmentation. Three photodissociation mechanisms that involve two electronic energy surfaces are proposed which account for the experimental findings.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 113 (2000), S. 4315-4319 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Monte Carlo method is used to explicitly show that solid–fluid phase boundaries determined by the visual appearance and disappearance of a solidlike structure is quite different from that expected in the bulk system and predicted by a full free-energy analysis. This feature of the computer simulations is almost self-evident and may be understood by the argument that the phase coexistence in the finite system is inevitably suppressed by the non-negligible interfacial energy compared with that in the infinite (bulk) system. One of the discrepancies among the recent simulation studies for the high-temperature phase behavior of a model C60 is found to be the consequence of overlooking the above feature of computer simulations. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Cell Differentiation and Development 31 (1990), S. 1-9 
    ISSN: 0922-3371
    Keywords: Dictyostelium ; Spore coat protein gene ; sp96
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 201 (1980), S. 296-303 
    ISSN: 0003-9861
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 82 (1978), S. 13-18 
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 160 (1989), S. 1296-1301 
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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