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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gravity, light and plant form (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 20 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Plants have evolved highly sensitive and selective mechanisms that detect and respond to various aspects of their environment. As a plant develops, it integrates the environmental information perceived by all of its sensory systems and adapts its growth to the prevailing environmental conditions. Light is of critical importance because plants depend on it for energy and, thus, survival. The quantity, quality and direction of light are perceived by several different photosensory systems that together regulate nearly all stages of plant development, presumably in order to maintain photosynthetic efficiency. Gravity provides an almost constant stimulus that is the source of critical spatial information about its surroundings and provides important cues for orientating plant growth. Gravity plays a particularly important role during the early stages of seedling growth by stimulating a negative gravitropic response in the primary shoot that orientates it towards the source of light, and a positive gravitropic response in the primary root that causes it to grow down into the soil, providing support and nutrient acquisition. Gravity also influences plant form during later stages of development through its effect on lateral organs and supporting structures. Thus, the final form of a plant depends on the cumulative effects of light, gravity and other environmental sensory inputs on endogenous developmental programs. This article is focused on developmental interactions modulated by light and gravity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.1997.d01-124.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mutational analysis of blue-light sensing in Arabidopsis (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 17 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Blue light regulates many physiological and developmental processes in higher plants through the action of multiple photosensory systems. The analysis of photomorphogenic mutants is leading to a better understanding of how the different photosensory systems mediate the wide range of responses observed in blue light. A review of the current literature on photomorphogenic mutants makes it apparent that redundancies exist in photoreceptor function. For example, many blue-light responses that have been shown to be regulated by a blue-light photosensory system are also under phytochrome control. The study of various light-response mutants suggests that a complex sensory network regulates light-mediated responses. This article attempts to piece together information regarding the sensory systems responsible for blue-light-regulated responses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1994.tb00155.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phytochrome modulation of blue-light-induced phototropism (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 27 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Red light enhances hypocotyl phototropism toward unilateral blue light through a phytochrome-mediated response. This study demonstrates how the phytochromes modulate blue-light-induced phototropism in the absence of a red light pre-treatment. It was found that phytochromes A, B, and D have conditionally overlapping functions in the promotion of blue-light-induced phototropism. Under very low blue light intensities (0.01 µmol m−2 s−1) phyA activity is necessary for the progression of a normal phototropic response, whereas above 1.0 µmol m−1 s−2 phyB and phyD have functional redundancy with phyA to promote phototropism. PhyA also contributes to attenuation of phototropism under high fluence rates of unilateral blue light, which was previously shown to be dependent on the phototropins and cryptochromes. From these results, it appears that phytochromes are required to develop a robust phototropic response under low fluence rates, whereas under high irradiances where phototropism may be less important, phyA suppresses phototropism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2004.01227.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spatial separation of light perception and growth response in maize root phototropism (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 25 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Although the effects of gravity on root growth are well known and interactions between light and gravity have been reported, details of root phototropic responses are less documented. We used high-resolution image analysis to study phototropism in primary roots of Zea mays L. Similar to the location of perception in gravitropism, the perception of light was localized in the root cap. Phototropic curvature away from the light, on the other hand, developed in the central elongation zone, more basal than the site of initiation of gravitropic curvature. The phototropic curvature saturated at approximately 10 µmol m−2 s−1 blue light with a peak curvature of 29 ± 4°, in part due to induction of positive gravitropism following displacement of the root tip from vertical during negative phototropism. However, at higher fluence rates, development of phototropic curvature is arrested even if gravitropism is avoided by maintaining the root cap vertically using a rotating feedback system. Thus continuous illumination can cause adaptation in the signalling pathway of the phototropic response in roots.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.2002.00899.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The light-induced reduction of the gravitropic growth-orientation of seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. is a photomorphogenic response mediated synergistically by the far-red-absorbing forms of phytochromes A and B (1996)
    Springer
    Planta 199 (1996), S. 511-514 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Arabidopsis ; Gravitropism ; phyB-1 ; Phytochrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Hypocotyls of dark-grown seedlings of Ara bidosis thaliana exhibit a strong negative gravitropism, which is reduced by red and also by long-wavelength, far-red light treatments. Light treatments using phytochrome A (phyA)- and phytochrome B (phyB)-deficient mutants showed that this response is controlled by phyB in a red/far-red reversible way, and by phyA in a non-reversible, very-low-fluence response. Crosses of the previously analyzed phyB-1 allele (in the ecotype Landsberg erecta background) to the ecotype Nossen wild-type (WT) background resulted in a WT-like negative gravitropism in darkness, indicating that the previously described gravitropic randomization observed with phyB-1 in the dark is likely due to a second mutation independent of that in the PHYB gene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00195180
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photomorphogenic mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana reveal activities of multiple photosensory systems during light-stimulated apical-hook opening (1993)
    Springer
    Planta 191 (1993), S. 214-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Apical hook opening ; Arabidopsis (mutants) ; Blue light photoreceptor ; De-etiolation ; Photomorphogenesis ; Phytochrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Fluence rate-response curves were generated for red-, far-red-, and blue-light-stimulated apical-hook opening in seedlings of several photomorphogenic mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. Compared to wild-type plants, hook opening was reduced in the phytochrome-deficient hy1, hy2, and hy6 mutants in red and far-red light at all fluence rates tested, and in low-fluence blue light, but was normal under high-irradiance blue light. In contrast, the blue-light-response mutants (blu1, blu2, and blu3) lacked the high-irradiance-dependent hook-opening response in blue light while hook opening was normal in low-fluence blue light and in red and farred light at all fluence rates tested. Hook opening in the phytochrome-B-deficient hy3 mutant was similar to wild type in all light conditions tested. The effects of the different mutations on light-induced hook opening indicate that a phytochrome(s) other than phytochrome B mediates hook opening stimulated by red, far-red and lowfluence blue light, while a blue-light-absorbing photoreceptor mediates the blue-light-sensitive high-irradiance response. Although the phytochrome and blue-light photosensory systems appear to work independently for the most part, some of their signal-transduction components may interact since the hy4, and hy5 mutants showed reduced hook-opening responses under conditions dependent on the phytochrome and blue-light-photosensory systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00199752
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for a revertant at the La locus in regenerating hypocotyl segments in tomato (1986)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 72 (1986), S. 240-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Lycopersicon esculentum L. ; Reversion ; Regeneration ; Variant ; Lanceolate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Leafy and leafless phenotypes were regenerated in vitro from hypocotyl segments of leafless forms (reduced and modified) of the homozygous lanceolate (La) mutant in tomato. Segregation of progeny of leafy regenerates into homozygous. mutant (La La), heterozygote (La La +) and normal (La + La +) indicates that cells forming the shoot apical meristems undergo a genetic reversion, and that the nutrient medium might be selecting for the heterozygote. Among the progeny of the regenerates is a true breeding, unlobed variant. Leaves of the variant are pinnately compound and the margins are entire. Opposite cotyledons followed in development by two simple leaves before the appearance of a pinnately compound leaf with an occasional lanceolate-shaped leaflet suggests that the unlobed variant is morphologically intermediate between La La + and La + La +.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00266998
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Obituary (1992)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 34 (1992), S. 245-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00033441
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  • 9
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    Intracellular invasion of green algae in a salamander host (2011)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-04-04
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 10
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    Intracellular invasion of green algae in a salamander host [Developmental Biology] (2011)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-04-20
    Description: The association between embryos of the spotted salamander (Ambystoma maculatum) and green algae (“Oophila amblystomatis” Lamber ex Printz) has been considered an ectosymbiotic mutualism. We show here, however, that this symbiosis is more intimate than previously reported. A combination of imaging and algal 18S rDNA amplification reveals algal invasion of embryonic salamander tissues and cells during development. Algal cells are detectable from embryonic and larval Stages 26–44 through chlorophyll autofluorescence and algal 18S rDNA amplification. Algal cell ultrastructure indicates both degradation and putative encystment during the process of tissue and cellular invasion. Fewer algal cells were detected in later-stage larvae through FISH, suggesting that the decline in autofluorescent cells is primarily due to algal cell death within the host. However, early embryonic egg capsules also contained encysted algal cells on the inner capsule wall, and algal 18S rDNA was amplified from adult reproductive tracts, consistent with oviductal transmission of algae from one salamander generation to the next. The invasion of algae into salamander host tissues and cells represents a unique association between a vertebrate and a eukaryotic alga, with implications for research into cell–cell recognition, possible exchange of metabolites or DNA, and potential congruence between host and symbiont population structures.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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