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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 1 (1968), S. 185-190 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. In einer früheren Arbeit (Gessner und Hammer, 1960) wurde an Versuchen mit Ulva und Posidonia —ausgeführt an der Biologischen Station Villefranche (Südfrankreich) — gezeigt, daß die Photosynthese nach Überführung aus Meerwasser in Leitungswasser sofort absinkt und hier mitunter negative Werte aufweist. Rückführung in Meerwasser führt in der Regel nahezu zur sofortigen Herstellung der Anfangsleistung. Jedem Verdünnungsgrad zwischen Meerwasser und Leitungswasser war eine bestimmte photosynthetische Leistung zugeordnet. 2. Das gleiche Verhalten konnte in dem darauffolgenden Jahr an marinen Pflanzen des Karibischen Meeres nachgewiesen werden. Diese Untersuchungen zeigten auch, daß der Leistungsabfall bei Überführung in destilliertes Wasser weitaus größer war, als in einer 1/1000 Mol Bicarbonatlösung. 3. Schon damals (1960/61) tauchte daher die Vermutung auf, daß in manchen Fällen der Salzgehalt über das CO2-Bicarbonatsystem die Photosynthese beeinflußt. Beweise dafür konnten 1967 in Rovinj erbracht werden, wo das Leitungswasser infolge seiner hohen Alkalinität einen mehrfach höheren CO2 und HCO3-Gehalt hat, als das Leitungswasser in Villefranche. Dementsprechend zeigten Ulva und Posidonia bei Überführung in Leitungswasser gegenüber dem Meerwasser sogar eine erhebliche Leistungssteigerung und verhalten sich somit gegensätzlich zu den in Villefranche ausgeführten Versuchen. 4. Bei allen kurzfristigen Untersuchungen über den Einfluß des Salzgehaltes auf die Photosynthese ist das C-Angebot als entscheidender Faktor zu berücksichtigen. Für das Brackwasser lassen sich jedoch keine allgemein gültigen Regeln aufstellen, da dieses — ent sprechend der verschiedenen Alkalinität des Süßwasseranteils — ein höheres oder geringeres C-Angebot gegenüber dem Meerwasser aufweist. Da sich hier auch das Verhältnis von CO2 und HCO3 verschieben kann und die marinen Pflanzen andererseits diese beiden Komponenten verschieden gut auswerten können, erhöht sich erneut die Mannigfaltigkeit der Reaktionsformen. 5. Darüber hinaus übt natürlich der Salzgehalt —vornehmlich über den osmotischen Wert — eine direkte Wirkung auf die Photosyntheserate aus, da durch Exosmose das Gefüge des Zellinneren in mannigfaltiger Weise beeinflußt wird. Oft wird bereits nach kurzfristigem Aufenthalt in Leitungswasser oder destilliertem Wasser die normale photosynthetische Leistung im Meerwasser nicht mehr erreicht. Solche direkten Wirkungen des Salzgehaltes müssen sich natürlich besonders im langfristigen Versuch zeigen.
    Notes: Abstract Marine plants — phanerogams as well as algae — show a proportional decrease of photosynthetic rate, when the salinity is lowered by dilution with distilled water. Using natural water instead of distilled water, it is absolutely indispensable to take into consideration the carbon supply. Normally, the photosynthetic rate decreases in freshwater with low alcalinity, in comparison to marine water. On the other hand, using water with high contents of bicarbonates, assimilation rate is higher than in marine water. These results show that salinity may indirectly affect photosynthesis due to differences in carbon supply. The direct influence is caused by exosmosis in hypotonic media and is irreversible. — The author cannot but agree with the statement by Ogata and Matsui (1965): “It may generally be said that the changes in salinity, osmotic pressure, pH, and also carbon dioxide supply, particularly in natural sea-water, are rather inseparably associated.”
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 4 (1969), S. 136-138 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract This paper deals with the role of bicarbonates in the “apparent free space” (AFS) and their importance for the photosynthetic process. Both the littoral alga Fucus virsoides (Mediterranean Sea) and the sublittoral alga Laminaria saccharina (Baltic Sea) show the same response. Unloading of Clions and subsequent reloading of HCO3-ions result in a positive photosynthetic rate in distilled water (free of CO2). Time of exposure of an algal thallus to bicarbonate solutions, as well as the concentration of these solutions, influences “AFS-assimilation” of the ions.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 2 (1968), S. 88-91 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In distilled water, marine benthic algae immediately lose ions. This can be demonstrated by means of chloride titration or conductivity measurements. The rapidity and the complete reversibility of this process show that ion movements out of and into the “free space” are involved. When Laminaria saccharina thalli, exposed to a series of increasing NaCl-concentrations, are subsequently transferred into distilled water, the external concentration increases proportionally to rate of ion loss. Through its “free space”, the alga establishes an ionic equilibrium with its external medium. If the alga thallus is killed (20 sec boiling in isosmotic sea water), the extent of chloride loss is much higher. Because of thermal destruction of the “osmotic space”, the chloride can then escape from the entirc thallus. Since sublittoral algae die upon drying, chloride loss from dry thalli is much higher than that from wet thalli: this difference is small in littoral algae, which tolerate short periods of dryness. A close relationship exists between extent of chloride loss and degree of resistance to drying.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Progress in Surface Science 35 (1990), S. 103-111 
    ISSN: 0079-6816
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 108 (1998), S. 8671-8679 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Hydrogen adsorption on the (101¯0) surfaces of Ru and Re leads to the formation of c(2×2)-3H phases. As determined by quantitative low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) and density functional theory calculations, hydrogen atoms, as expected, occupy threefold coordinated hcp sites along the densely packed rows and the unexpected short-bridge sites along the ridges in both c(2×2) phases. The Ru and Re substrates reconstruct only weakly and in a very similar fashion under hydrogen chemisorption. Most notably, there is a buckling in the third substrate layer of about 0.06 Å. Probably (though not outside the limits of error), there are also slightly lateral displacements (0.02 Å) of top-layer substrate atoms which are bridge-coordinated to hydrogen. The metal–hydrogen bond lengths determined for both surfaces correspond to hydrogen radii in the expected range of 0.4–0.7 Å. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 68 (1990), S. 2400-2405 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Chlorine reactive ion etching of silicon requires the initial removal of the native oxide prior to rapid etching of silicon. The threshold energy for sputter removal of the native oxide on silicon was measured from the apparent oxide thickness on the silicon surface as determined by x-ray photoemission spectroscopy of the Si 2p core level. Using model computations, the threshold energy to sputter the modified native oxide was determined to be 72±5 eV. The surface film chemistry during etching is different above and below the sputter threshold energy. Above the threshold, the silicon surface is contaminated with 1–2 monolayers of SiClx (x=1,2,3) and residual SiClOy. Below the threshold, the oxide is not etched and SiClOy forms on the native oxide surface. The film thickness is observed to increase with ion energy to the threshold energy indicating that ion induced chemisorption phenomena control the film thickness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Surface Science Letters 152-153 (1985), S. A121-A122 
    ISSN: 0167-2584
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Surface Science Letters 221 (1989), S. A499 
    ISSN: 0167-2584
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Surface Science Letters 188 (1987), S. L729-L734 
    ISSN: 0167-2584
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Surface Science Letters 178 (1986), S. A669 
    ISSN: 0167-2584
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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