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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Intelligent Methods with Applications in Volcanology and Seismology (2023)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Details
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Machine learning. ; Geology. ; Natural disasters. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Statistical Learning. ; Geology. ; Natural Hazards.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter1-Intelligent methods and motivations to use in volcanology and seismology -- Chapter2-Machine Learning: The concepts -- Chapter 3 - Machine Learning Applications in volcanology and seismology -- Chapter 4 - Deep Learning: The concepts -- Chapter 5:Deep Learning: Applications in Seismology and Volcanology -- Chapter 6: Evolutionary Algorithms with focus on Genetic Algorithm -- Chapter 7: Application of Genetic Algorithm in volcanology and seismology.
    Abstract: This book presents intelligent methods like neural, neuro-fuzzy, machine learning, deep learning and metaheuristic methods and their applications in both volcanology and seismology. The complex system of volcanoes and also earthquakes is a big challenge to identify their behavior using available models, which motivates scientists to apply non-model based methods. As there are lots of seismology and volcanology data sets, i.e., the local and global networks, one solution is using intelligent methods in which data-based algorithms are used. .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XVII, 203 p. 219 illus., 133 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    ISBN: 9783031154324
    Series Statement: Advances in Volcanology, An Official Book Series of the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth’s Interior,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15432-4
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-15432-4
    DDC: 550
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of Microstructural Evolution and Phase’s Morphology after Partial Remelting in A356 Alloy (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 141-143 (July 2008), p. 367-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In this work, effective parameters of SIMA process to obtain non dendriticmicrostructure in A356 alloy were investigated. In addition, the effect of SIMA process on theevolution of morphology of silicon and intermetallic phases in this alloy was studied.Microstructure images obtained from optical microscopy and SEM observation showed thatincrease in plastic work up to 40% and then holding of samples in the semi solid state attemperature of 580oC, causes that primary dendritic structure changes to non dendritic, fine andglobular structure, but optimum reheating time completely depended on initial thickness of samples.If all parameters of SIMA process are the same, the grain boundaries of thinner samples begin towet and following globalization will be completed in shorter reheating time rather than thicker ones.Moreover, it was found that the intermetallic phases lost their angular or needle morphology andgradually changed to rounded morphology and even to globular form. Also the optimum reheatingtime thoroughly depends on primary casting microstructure as the finer casting microstructure beginto globalize faster than thicker one under more little stains
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/24/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.141-143.367.pdf
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of Microstructural Changes in a SIMA Processed A356 Aluminum Alloy after Unidirectional Compression and Rolling: Effect of Pressure Depth (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 141-143 (July 2008), p. 391-396 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In this study, in order to compare effect of unidirectional compression and rolling onfinal microstructure of strain induced melt activated (SIMA) A356 aluminum alloy, rectangularsamples with dimensions of 3cm×5cm in area and 1cm in thickness and cylindrical specimens with2.5cm in diameter and 1cm in length, have been prepared for rolling and compressing processes,respectively. Then, these samples were plastically deformed at a same strain in ambienttemperature. Afterward, the strained samples were cut into equal quarters. In the next stage, toproduce globular microstructure, these specimens were partially remelted in 580°C for differenttimes. Results obtained from light microscopy showed that specimen's thickness and so, its strainaffected zones influence on the globulization of dendrites. In addition, it was seen that at a givenstrain and constant diameter, increase of H/D ratio led to increase of needed time for reaching acertain sphericity in cylindrical samples. Also, it was showed that microstructural evolutions duringSIMA processing of both rolled and unidirectional compressed samples were relatively identical.However, at a same condition, ultimate size of globulized dendrites in the rolled samples wassmaller than those of compressed ones
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/24/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.141-143.391.pdf
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Statistical methods to distinguish competitive, noncompetitive, and uncompetitive enzyme inhibitors
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Analytical Biochemistry 115 (1981), S. 403-409 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-2697
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(81)90025-7
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of AUCs from Sparsely Sampled Populations in Toxicology Studies (1996)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 13 (1996), S. 1283-1290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: toxicokinetics ; sparse sampling ; pharmacokinetics ; toxicology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Purpose. The objective of this work was to develop and validate blood sampling schemes for accurate AUC determination from a few samples (sparse sampling). This will enable AUC determination directly in toxicology studies, without the need to utilize a large number of animals. Methods. Sparse sampling schemes were developed using plasma concentration-time (Cp-t) data in rats from toxicokinetic (TK) studies with the antiepileptic felbamate (F) and the antihistamine loratadine (L); Cp-t data at 13–16 time-points (N = 4 or 5 rats/time-point) were available for F, L and its active circulating metabolite descarboethoxyloratadine (DCL). AUCs were determined using the full profile and from 5 investigator designated time-points termed “critical” time-points. Using the bootstrap (re-sampling) technique, 1000 AUCs were computed by sampling (N = 2 rats/point, with replacement) from the 4 or 5 rats at each “critical” point. The data were subsequently modeled using PCNONLIN, and the parameters (ka, ke, and Vd) were perturbed by different degrees to simulate pharmacokinetic (PK) changes that may occur during a toxicology study due to enzyme induction/inhibition, etc. Finally, Monte Carlo simulations were performed with random noise (10 to 40%) applied to Cp-t and/or PK parameters to examine its impact on AUCs from sparse sampling. Results. The 5 time-points with 2 rats/point accurately and precisely estimated the AUC for F, L and DCL; the deviation from the full profile was ~10%, with a precision (%CV) of ~15%. Further, altered kinetics and random noise had minimal impact on AUCs from sparse sampling. Conclusions. Sparse sampling can accurately estimate AUCs and can be implemented in rodent toxicology studies to significantly reduce the number of animals for TK evaluations. The same principle is applicable to sparse sampling designs in other species used in safety assessments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1016097227603
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Performance of Bailer's Method for AUC Confidence Intervals from Sparse Non-Normally Distributed Drug Concentrations in Toxicokinetic Studies (1996)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 13 (1996), S. 1280-1282 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1016045210765
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Population Pharmacokinetics of Temozolomide in Cancer Patients (2000)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 17 (2000), S. 1284-1289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: temozolomide ; cancer ; population pharmacokinetics ; nonlinear mixed-effects models ; pharmacokinetics-toxicity relationship
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Purpose. To evaluate covariate effects on the pharmacokinetics of temozolomide in cancer patients, and to explore the dose-pharmacokinetics-toxicity relationship of temozolomide. Methods. Non-linear mixed-effects modeling approach was used to analyze the data from 445 patients enrolled in eleven Phase I and Phase II clinical trials. All patients in the phase I trials had advanced cancer. Patients in the phase II trials had anaplastic astrocytoma (AA), glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) or malignant melanoma (MM). A sparse sampling scheme was prospectively developed using Phase I data and was successfully implemented in Phase II trials. Population factors included age, gender, height (HT), weight (WT), body surface area (BSA), serum creatinine (Sr.Cr.), estimated creatinine clearance, serum chemistry data as indices of hepatic function and disease, smoking status, and selected concomitant medications. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the toxicity and temozolomide dose and exposure relationship. Results. The pharmacokinetics of temozolomide follows a one-compartment model with first order absorption and elimination. Temozolomide clearance (CL) increased with BSA for both genders. The population mean clearance for GBM or AA patients was 11.2 L/hr for male with BSA equal to 2.0 m2, and 8.8 L/hr for female with BSA equal to 1.7 m2. The mean clearance for MM patients was slightly higher. The inter-subject variability in clearance was 15%, and the residual variability was 26%. Other factors investigated in this analysis had little effect on clearance. The overall incidence of neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were 5-8%. Temozolomide dose and AUC did not predict nadir neutrophil and platelet counts due to large variability in counts. Conclusions. The current dose regimen is administered according to BSA which is the most important factor influencing temozolomide clearance. No further dose adjustment is required.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026403805756
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Towards a closer integration of finite domainpropagation and simplex-based algorithms (1998)
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 81 (1998), S. 421-433 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper describes our experience in implementing an industrial application using thefinite domain solver of the ECL i PS e constraint logic programming (CLP) system, inconjunction with the mathematical programming (MP) system, FortMP. In this technique,the ECL i PS e system generates a feasible solution that is adapted to construct a starting point(basic solution) for the MP solver. The basic solution is then used as an input to the FortMPsystem to warm-start the simplex (SX) algorithm, hastening the solution of the linearprogramming relaxation, (LPR). SX proceeds as normal to find the optimal integer solution.Preliminary results indicate that the integration of the two environments is suitable for thisapplication in particular, and may generally yield significant benefits. We describe adaptationsrequired in the hybrid method, and report encouraging experimental results for thisproblem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018977712248
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new approach to integrating mixed integer programming and constraint logicprogramming (1999)
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 86 (1999), S. 63-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper represents an integration of Mixed Integer Programming (MIP) and ConstraintLogic Programming (CLP) which, like MIP, tightens bounds rather than adding constraintsduring search. The integrated system combines components of the CLP system ECLiPSe[7] and the MIP system CPLEX [5], in which constraints can be handled by either one orboth components. Our approach is introduced in three stages. Firstly, we present an automatictransformation which maps CLP programs onto such CLP programs that any disjunction iseliminated in favour of auxiliary binary variables. Secondly, we present improvements ofthis mapping by using a committed choice operator and translations of pre‐defined non‐linearconstraints. Thirdly, we introduce a new hybrid algorithm which reduces the solutionspace of the problem progressively by calling finite domain propagation of ECLiPSe aswell as dual simplex of CPLEX. The advantages of this integration are illustrated by efficientlysolving difficult optimisation problems like the Hoist Scheduling Problem [23]and the Progressive Party Problem [27].
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018904229454
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Introduction of a new class of variables to discrete and integer programmingproblems (1999)
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 86 (1999), S. 39-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract In formulating a combinatorial optimisation problem (COP) using Discrete or IntegerProgramming (IP) modelling techniques, the modeller is restricted to use only certain predefineddiscrete variables and sets which are linked by sets of linear equality and inequalityconstraints. Definition of many COPs includes restrictions in which the use of disequality(DI) constraints in their mathematical representation is inevitable. To represent this type ofconstraint a number of binary variables and extra constraints are usually introduced, whichlead to an increase in the size of the model in terms of variables and constraints. In thispaper, we introduce a new class of discrete variables which enables the modeller to representDI constraints more efficiently in the mathematical formulation of a combinatorial optimisationproblem. We have also introduced a new branching scheme to the conventional simplexbased Branch and Bound (B & B) algorithm in order to deal with this type of variables. Tostudy the effect of these variables, we modelled and solved a set of five classic problems,first using conventional MP variables and second, exploiting the new proposed variables,and compared the results. The empirical results show a promising improvement on theperformance of the B & B algorithm. The contribution of this paper is (1) the introduction ofa new class of discrete variables which can help to build smaller models, and (2) newbranching schemes on these variables that can improve the B & B performance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018923306255
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