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  • 1
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    Dopaminergic neurons protected from degeneration by GDNF gene therapy (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-02-07
    Description: Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) supports growth and survival of dopaminergic (DA) neurons. A replication-defective adenoviral (Ad) vector encoding human GDNF injected near the rat substantia nigra was found to protect DA neurons from the progressive degeneration induced by the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) injected into the striatum. Ad GDNF gene therapy reduced loss of DA neurons approximately threefold 6 weeks after 6-OHDA lesion, as compared with no treatment or injection of Ad lacZ or Ad mGDNF (encoding a biologically inactive deletion mutant GDNF). These results suggest that Ad vector-mediated GDNF gene therapy may slow the DA neuronal cell loss in humans with Parkinson's disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Choi-Lundberg, D L -- Lin, Q -- Chang, Y N -- Chiang, Y L -- Hay, C M -- Mohajeri, H -- Davidson, B L -- Bohn, M C -- NS31957/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- T32AG00107/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Feb 7;275(5301):838-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Rochester, Box 603, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9012352" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenoviridae/genetics ; Animals ; Corpus Striatum/metabolism/pathology ; Dopamine/*physiology ; Gene Expression ; *Genetic Therapy ; Genetic Vectors ; Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Nerve Degeneration ; *Nerve Growth Factors ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*genetics ; Neurons/pathology/physiology ; *Neuroprotective Agents ; Oxidopamine ; PC12 Cells ; Parkinson Disease/pathology/*therapy ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred F344 ; Substantia Nigra/metabolism/pathology ; Transgenes
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    The structure of gravel bed flow with intermediate submergence: A laboratory study (2015)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-30
    Description: The paper reports an experimental study of the flow structure over an immobile gravel bed in open channel at intermediate submergence, with particular focus on the near-bed region. The experiments consisted of velocity measurements using three-component (stereoscopic) Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) in near-bed horizontal plane and two-component PIV in three vertical planes that covered three distinctly different hydraulic scenarios where the ratio of flow depth to roughness height (i.e., relative submergence) changes from 7.5 to 10.8. Detailed velocity measurements were supplemented with fine-scale bed elevation data obtained with a laser scanner. The data revealed longitudinal low-momentum and high-momentum ‘strips' in the time-averaged velocity field, likely induced by secondary currents. This depth-scale pattern was superimposed with particle-scale patches of flow heterogeneity induced by gravel particle protrusions. A similar picture emerged when considering second-order velocity moments. The interaction between the flow field and gravel-bed protrusions is assessed using cross-correlations of velocity components and bed elevations in a horizontal plane just above gravel particle crests. The cross-correlations suggest that upward and downward fluid motions are mainly associated with upstream-facing and lee sides of particles, respectively. Results also show that the relative submergence affects the turbulence intensity profiles for vertical velocity over the whole flow depth, while only a weak effect, limited to the near-bed region, is noticed for streamwise velocity component. The approximation of mean velocity profiles with a logarithmic formula reveals that log-profile parameters depend on relative submergence, highlighting inapplicability of a conventional ‘universal' logarithmic law for gravel-bed flows with intermediate submergence. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0043-1397
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-7973
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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