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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Social Metabolism of Spanish Agriculture, 1900–2008 : The Mediterranean Way Towards Industrialization (2020)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Details
    Keywords: Agriculture. ; Environment. ; History. ; Environmental economics. ; Economics History. ; Agriculture. ; Environmental Sciences. ; History. ; Environmental Economics. ; History of Economic Thought and Methodology.
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction -- 1. Agrarian Metabolism: the metabolic approach applied to agriculture -- 1.1. Agriculture and Social Metabolism: The metabolism of agroecosystems -- 1.2. Funds and flows in Agrarian Metabolism -- 1.3. The appropriation of biomass and colonization of the territory. Biophysical funds (land and livestock) -- 1.4. Social fund elements (human work and technical means of production) -- 1.5. The organization and dynamics of agrarian metabolism -- 1.6. The forces of change -- 1.7. Sources and methods -- 1.7.1. The specificities of AM -- 1.7.2. Scale and delimitations of the study -- 1.7.3. Sources of information -- 2. Intensification and Specialization: from Agricultureto Livestocking, 1900-2008 -- 2.1. Traditional historiographical accounts of agricultural transformations during the twentieth century -- 2.2. The evolution of land uses -- 2.3. Evolution of real net primary productivity -- 2.4. Evolution of Domestic Extraction -- 2.5. The specialization of Spain’s agricultural production -- 2.6. Spanish livestock in the twentieth century -- 2.7. Livestock production -- 2.8. An overview of Spanish agriculture industrialization -- 3. Agricultural inputs and their energy costs 1900-2010 -- 3.1. Comments on methodology -- 3.2. Traction -- 3.2.1 Mechanical traction -- 3.2.2. Combustibles -- 3.3. Irrigation -- 3.3.1. Irrigation systems -- 3.3.2. Installed mechanical power -- 3.3.3. Combustibles -- 3.3.4. Electricity -- 3.4. Fertilizers -- 3.5. Crop protection -- 3.5.1. Pesticides -- 3.5.2. Greenhouses -- 3.6. Use of inputs in the agricultural sector (Imports) -- 4. Decreasing income and reproductive problems of the agricultural population -- Introduction -- 4.1. The agricultural population during the first half of the twentieth century -- 4.2. An estimate of the agricultural sector’s macromagnitudes (1950-2008) -- 4.3. The agricultural population and changing living standards -- 4.4. The state of the agriculturalpopulation -- 4.5. Changes in farm structures -- 4.6. Breakdown of agricultural income and coverage of household expenditure -- 4.7. Conclusions -- 5. Environmental Impacts of Spanish Agriculture’s Industrialization -- 5.1. Functioning of the agroecosystem -- 5.2. The energy efficiency of agricultural production -- 5.3. State of the components of the land fund element -- 5.4. A diet rich in food of animal origin: the outsourcing of its land costs -- 6. The Metabolism of Spanish Agriculture -- 6.1. The agrarian sector in the metabolism of the Spanish economy -- 6.2. Foreign trade and domestic consumption of biomass -- 6.3. The main indicators of agrarian metabolism -- 6.4. The pace of intensification and specialization (I+S) -- 6.5. The drivers of I+S -- 6.5.1. Supply side drivers of I+S -- 6.5.2. Demand side drivers of I+S -- 6.6. Conclusions -- Epilogue -- Appendix I. Calculation of the physical production series of Spanish agriculture -- A.1.1. Sources and methodological decisions to calculate the Domestic Extraction of Vegetal Biomass -- A.1.2. The reliability of livestock censuses -- A.1.3. Adjusting Spanish livestock in the first third of the twentieth century -- Appendix II. Historical evolution of the Spanish Agrarian Metabolism and the Spanish Economy Metabolism -- A.2.1. Historical evolution of the Spanish Agrarian Metabolism -- A.2.2. Historical evolution of Spanish Economy Metabolism -- Bibliography -- Index.
    Abstract: This open access book provides a panoramic view of the evolution of Spanish agriculture from 1900 to the present, offering a more diverse picture to the complex and multidimensional reality of agrarian production. With a clear transdisciplinary ambition, the book applies an original and innovative theoretical and methodological tool, termed Agrarian Social Metabolism, combining Social Metabolism with an agroecological perspective. This integrative analysis is especially interesting for environmental scientists and policy makers being the best way to design sustainable agroecosystems and public policies capable of moving us towards a more sustainable food system. Spanish agricultural production has experienced impressive growth during the 20th century which has allowed it to ensure the supply of food to the population and even to transform some crops into important chapters in foreign trade. However, this growth has had its negative side since it was based on the injection of large amounts of external energy, on the destruction of employment and the loss of profitability of agricultural activity. But perhaps the most serious part is the strong impact of the current industrialised agriculture model on Spanish agroecosystems, exposed to the overexploitation of hydric resources, pollution of the water by nitrates and pesticides, high erosion rates and an alarming loss of biodiversity; damage which in the immediate future will end up reducing production capacity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIX, 281 p. 105 illus., 3 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9783030209001
    Series Statement: Environmental History, 10
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20900-1
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-20900-1
    DDC: 630
    Language: English
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    E-BOOKS (AWI ONLY)
  • 2
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Über das Wetter und Klima in Mittelamerika, insbesondere in El Salvador (1967)
    Berlin : Reimer
    Associated volumes
    Details Availability
    Call number: MOP 35309
    In: Meteorologische Abhandlungen
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 136 S. : mit Ktn.
    Series Statement: Meteorologische Abhandlungen 71,3
    Location: MOP - must be ordered
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 3
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    Optical Sensing Using Fiber-Optic Multimode Interference Devices: A Review of Nonconventional Sensing Schemes (2021)
    Molecular Diversity Preservation International
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-07
    Description: We review fiber-based multimode interference (MMI) devices with a particular focus on optical fiber-based sensing applications. The present review complements a recently published, extensive review where the sensing of conventional physical variables such as refractive index, temperature, displacement, and strain was covered. This review focuses on MMI fiber sensors for nonconventional physical variables, including mechanical, electromagnetic, chemical, and optical, covering around fifteen years of work in the field. Finally, by the end of this paper, we also review some new trends of MMI-based schemes based on polymer fibers, for wavelength-locking applications, for retrieving the thermo-optic coefficient of liquid samples, and for measuring the dynamics of complex fluids.
    Electronic ISSN: 1424-8220
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Practical Approximations of the Well Function (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 36 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Computation of the well function is required in the analysis of pumping test data for leaky or confined aquifers. Existing electronic dataloggers facilitate collection of hydraulic test data, which is commonly interpreted using computer programs. Approximate expressions have recently been proposed to compute the well function over the entire range of argument values. We propose approximations that, while providing reasonable accuracy, are less computationally intensive than previous approximations. A detailed comparative analysis of the execution times and the errors of these approximations is performed. The proposed expressions are generally accurate to within 1%, and result in a savings of computation time on the order of 15 to 87% for confined aquifers, and 29 to 76% for leaky aquifers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1998.tb02203.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multivariate Analysis in Hydrochemistry: An Example of the Use of Factor and Correspondence Analyses (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 27 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Statistical-based, semiquantitative techniques [Factor Analysis (FA) and Correspondence Analysis (CA)] were applied to chemical data from two aquifers to assess the usefulness of such techniques at the initial stages of hydrochemical studies.For the first case, both FA and CA defined three factors to account for the major ion variations observed in the Milk River aquifer (Alberta, Canada), namely, sulfate reduction occurring in the recharge area and mixing of waters of different ages in the deeper portions of the aquifer, ion-filtration processes, and ion exchange on clays. For the FA, the comparison between varimax and oblique rotations led to similar interpretations.For the second study area, the San Pedro River basin (Arizona, U.S.A.), FA (Q-mode) extracted two factors, which helped segregate waters from the two aquifers in the area. The CA, applied only to samples from the confined aquifer, drew two factors which were related to dissolution of gypsum coupled with ion exchange (softening) as the main mechanisms operating in the aquifer, along with a hypothetical presence of fluorite in the aquifer sediments to justify the rather high [F-] observed in local ground waters.Comparisons made between the results presented and the findings of earlier studies highlight the descriptive capabilities of FA and CA as exploratory tools in hydrochemical investigations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1989.tb00004.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of Hydraulic Conductivity Averaging Schemes for One-Dimensional, Steady-State Unsaturated Flow (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 33 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: The evaluation of average properties over a block or element is required for most numerical methods used for the solution of unsaturated flow equations. In this study, it is shown that the accuracy of a particular averaging scheme depends on the type of model used for unsaturated material properties. A systematic and thorough error analysis of the averaging techniques for some commonly used soil characteristic curves is performed. It is shown that the two-point Gaussian quadrature is consistently more accurate than the arithmetic, geometric, and harmonic means for all types of constitutive models.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1995.tb00040.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of Slope-Matching Methods for Aquifer Parameter Determination (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 32 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Various methods for numerical determination of aquifer transmissivity and storage coefficients from a single observation well data have recently been proposed. Most of these methods involve reading the slope values from a table or providing an initial estimate for iterative solution. A different formulation of the slope-matching technique has been suggested in the field of petroleum engineering which obtains the parameter values without using any tables or iterative procedures. In this study we adopt a similar approach and compare the prediction of various techniques. The modification of the approach to include cases with time-varying parameters is examined. Numerical experiments are performed first on synthetic data to ascertain the relative accuracy of different slope evaluation techniques. It is shown that the slope of the drawdown with respect to the logarithm of time results in the most accurate prediction of aquifer parameters. The inaccuracy involved in application of the slope-matching methods to cases involving time-varying parameters is analyzed. The methods are then applied to some field data and the results are compared with published data. AH the methods are found to work reasonably well for the field application.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1994.tb00892.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron microscopy characterization of ferrisilicates synthesized with two different silicon sources (1992)
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 15 (1992), S. 169-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Keywords: Ferrisilicate ; synthesis ; silicon sources ; characterization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Ferrisilicates have been synthesized by isomorphous substitution of Al by Fe using two silicon sources, to determine the influence of the silicon nature. The X-ray results are similar to that of ZSM-5 zeolite, but SEM and TEM show that the samples are different.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00770909
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Propane transformation on H-GaZSM-5 as a function of Ga content (1994)
    Springer
    Reaction kinetics and catalysis letters 52 (1994), S. 461-466 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2837
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Gallosilicates with different contents of gallium have been studied in propane aromatization reaction. Catalytic evaluations were carried out at atmospheric pressure, varying temperature and reactant flow. The best results in yield to BTX products were obtained for samples with gallium contents of 3–5 wt. %.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02067822
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  • 10
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    Unknown
    A todas las que ya no están (2024)
    Sello Editorial UNAD
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Feminicide has become a problem of general interest due to its high impact on the Colombian population; in this sense, this phenomenon was studied to characterize it in the departments of Huila and Tolima, which is why for the researchers it is essential to make this problem visible, pointing out the conditions framing violence against women from this macho culture that prevails in the region and country. The topic is of special interest since a review of press articles, epidemiological reports, local statements, and research on femicide in the two departments was carried out, seeking to make this phenomenon more visible to show the country’s reality so that it can be reported on. The results show that there is no research on the subject, which makes it possible to initiate a database with studies on femicide. Similarly, the National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences (2016) considers that the data described on homicide in 2015 and in previous years have decreased in magnitude over the years. The analysis of the variables realizes that the risk factors triggering the violent events that determine homicide have not been neutralized, reduced, or controlled, considering that public policy on security and citizen coexistence has been insufficient.
    Description: Published
    Description: El Feminicidio se ha convertido en un problema de interés general por su alta afectación a la población colombiana, en tal sentido se estudió este fenómeno para caracterizarlo en los departamentos del Huila y Tolima, es por esta razón que para las investigadoras resulta fundamental visibilizar esta problemática, señalando las condiciones que enmarcan la violencia contra la mujer desde esta cultura machista que impera en la región y en el país. El tema reviste especial interés toda vez que se realizó una revisión de artículos de prensa, informes epidemiológicos, pronunciamientos locales e investigaciones frente al feminicio en los dos departamentos, buscando visibilizar con mayor fuerza este fenómeno a fin de mostrar la realidad al país para que se informe sobre éste. Los resultados evidencian la no existencia de investigaciones al respecto, lo que permite iniciar una base de datos con estudios acerca del feminicidio. De igual forma, el Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal (2016) considera que los datos descritos sobre el homicidio en el año 2015 y en años anteriores han disminuido en magnitud año tras año, el análisis de las variables da cuenta que los factores de riesgo que desencadenan los hechos violentos que determinan el homicidio no han sido neutralizados, reducidos o controlados, considerando que política pública de seguridad y convivencia ciudadana ha sido insuficiente.
    Keywords: Feminicidio ; investigación ; violencia de género ; protección a la mujer ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: Spanish
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